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40-460: Madaripur is a town in Dhaka division in south-central Bangladesh . It is the headquarters of Madaripur District . It is named for Shah Madar , a Sufi saint who spread Islam in the region. According to the 2011 Bangladesh census , Madaripur had 14,112 households and a population of 62,690. 12,668 (20.21%) were under 10 years of age. Madaripur had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 73.09%, compared to

80-564: A short account. The Baharistan-i-Ghaibi was lost for a long time until its discovery by Sir Jadunath Sarkar in the national library in Paris, France. Sir Jadunath wrote several articles in English and Bengali journals, bringing the manuscript to scholarly attention. The University of Dhaka procured a photograph copy of the book and M. I. Borah, the then professor of Persian , translated it into English. The government of Assam published it in 1936;

120-799: A view to improving administration, education, and business. Dhaka became the seat of the Eastern Bengal and Assam Legislative Council . Dhaka was the seat of government for 4 administrative divisions, including the Assam Valley Division, Chittagong Division, Dacca Division, Rajshahi Division, and the Surma Valley Division. There were a total of 30 districts in Eastern Bengal and Assam, including Dacca, Mymensingh, Faridpur and Backergunge in Dacca Division; Tippera , Noakhali, Chittagong and

160-530: Is a 17th-century chronicle on the history of Bengal , Cooch Behar , Assam and Bihar under the reign of Mughal emperor Jahangir (1605–1627). Unlike other history books of the Mughal Empire , written by court historians by order of the emperor and covering the history of the whole empire, the Baharistan-i-Ghaibi deals only with the affairs of Bengal and the adjoining area. The Baharistan-i-Ghaibi

200-816: The Hill Tracts in Chittagong Division; Rajshahi, Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri , Rangpur, Bogra, Pabna and Malda in Rajshahi Division; Sylhet, Cachar , the Khasi and Jaintia Hills , the Naga Hills and the Lushai Hills in Surma Valley Division; and Goalpara , Kamrup , the Garo Hills , Darrang , Nowgong , Sibsagar and Lakhimpur in Assam Valley Division. The province was bordered by Cooch Behar State , Hill Tipperah and

240-518: The Kingdom of Bhutan . The development of the "real city" began after the partition of India . After partition, Dhaka became known as the second capital of Pakistan . This was formalized in 1962 when Ayub Khan declared the city as the legislative capital under the 1962 constitution . The economy began to industrialize. On the outskirts of the city, the world's largest jute mill was built. The mill produced jute goods which were in high demand during

280-527: The Korean War . The Intercontinental hotel , designed by William B. Tabler , was opened in 1966. Estonian-American architect Louis I. Kahn was enlisted to design the Dhaka Assembly, which was originally intended to be the federal parliament of Pakistan and later became independent Bangladesh's parliament. The East Pakistan Helicopter Service connected the city to regional towns. The Dhaka Stock Exchange

320-741: The Mughal Period . Chinashkhania was the capital of the Chandalas and Shishu Pal had his capital in modern-day Sreepur , which the ruins of can still be seen today. Another fort was built in Dardaria in 1200. Under Islamic rule, the centre moved to the historic district of Sonargaon , the regional administrative hub of the Delhi and the Bengal Sultanates . At the end of the Karrani Dynasty (1564–1575),

360-782: The Sufi saint Shah Fariduddin Masud, a follower of the Chishti order of Ajmer . Haji Shariatullah and Dudu Miyan led the conservative Faraizi movement in Faridpur during the early 19th century. The Faridpur District was established by the British in 1786. The Faridpur Subdivision was a part of Dacca Division in the Bengal Presidency established by the East India Company . The municipality of Faridpur

400-505: The independence of Bangladesh in 1971, the country had four divisions: Chittagong Division , Dacca Division, Khulna Division , and Rajshahi Division . In 1982, the English spelling of the Dacca Division (along with the name of the capital city) was changed into Dhaka Division to more closely match the Bengali pronunciation. The post-independence period witnessed rapid growth as Dhaka attracted migrant workers from across rural Bangladesh . In

440-491: The 1990s and 2000s, Dhaka experienced improved economic growth and the emergence of affluent business districts and satellite towns. Between 1990 and 2005, the city's population doubled from 6 million to 12 million. There has been increased foreign investment in the city, particularly in the financial and textile manufacturing sectors. Dhaka Division consisted before 2015 of four city corporations , 13 districts, 123 upazilas and 1,248 union parishads. However, four of

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480-745: The Baro-Bhuiyans and the Mughals, the Baharistan-i-Ghaibi mentions the limits of the area bounded by the Ichamati River in the west, the Ganges in the south, the Tripura to the east; Alapsingh pargana (in present Mymensingh District ) and Baniachang (in greater Sylhet ) in the north. The Baro-Bhuiyans rose to power in this region and put up resistance to the Mughals, until Islam Khan Chisti made them submit in

520-676: The Bhawal estate. At its peak, the estate comprised over 1,500 square kilometer, which included 2,274 villages and around 55,000 villagers. On the southern side the notable township was Fatehabad located by a stream known as the Dead Padma, which was 32 kilometres (20 mi) from the main channel of the Padma River. Sultan Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah established a mint in Fatehabad during his reign in

560-778: The Mughal Court designated him as the ruler of Bhati. Mughal histories, mainly the Akbarnama , the Ain-i-Akbari and the Baharistan-i-Ghaibi refers to the low-lying regions of Bengal as Bhati. This region includes the Bhagirathi to the Meghna River is Bhati, while others include Hijli, Jessore , Chandradwip and Barisal Division in Bhati. Keeping in view the theatre of warfare between

600-530: The book consists of two large volumes of about a thousand printed pages. The English translation of Borah is very scholarly with copious notes of technical terms and geographical places. The book is divided into sub-sections called daftars . The first daftar is the Islamnama account of the generalship of Islam Khan, while the second daftari documents the generalship of Qasim Khan Chisti; the Ibrahimnama documents

640-463: The chronology of events accurately. Scholars have ascertained that the first two daftars were completed before 1632 and the last two were completed before 1641. The Baharistan-i-Ghaibi is a unique and extensively documented source of the history of contemporary Bengal, Bihar and Assam and the Mughal subjugation of the region. The only other source of the time Tuzk-e-Jahangiri , the official memoirs of

680-478: The early 15th century. Fatehabad continued to be a mint town of the Bengal Sultanate until 1538. In Ain-i-Akbari , it was named as Haweli Mahal Fatehabad during the reign of Emperor Akbar in the Mughal Empire . The Portuguese cartographer João de Barros mentioned it as Fatiabas . The Dutch map of Van den Brouck described it as Fathur . By the 19th century, the town was renamed as Faridpur in honour of

720-469: The early 20th century. British neglect of Dhaka's urban development was overturned with the first partition of Bengal in 1905, which restored Dhaka's status as a regional capital. The city became the seat of government for Eastern Bengal and Assam , with a jurisdiction covering most of modern-day Bangladesh and all of what is now Northeast India . The partition was the brainchild of Lord Curzon , who finally acted on British ideas for partitioning Bengal with

760-532: The emperor only briefly mention a few events in Bengal. Mirza Nathan's account follows the campaigns of Islam Khan, as well as the conquest of Kamarupa, Tippera, Kachhar, Assam and Chittagong in lucid and copious details, including full accounts of the battles, the political situation and socio-economic life and conditions of the region during Jahangir's time. The book names and describes the regional political and military leaders and warriors who played instrumental roles in

800-518: The generalship of Ibrahim Khan Fath-i-Jang, and the last daftar deals with the rebellion of Shahjahan that usurped control of the Bengal region, and is called the Waqiat-i-Jahanshahi . Mirza Nathan gives only four complete dates in the whole book, three of which are negated by his own narrative. However, references to the Muslim months of Ramadan , Eid , Muharram and other festivals help ascertain

840-563: The most northerly of the 17 districts were removed in 2015 to create the new Mymensingh Division , and another five districts (those situated to the south of the Ganges / Padma River ) are in the process of being removed to create a new Faridpur Division . Note: * revised area and its population after excluding the districts transferred to the new Mymensingh Division . Census figures for 1991, 2001, 2011 and 2022 are from Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Population Census Wing. The 2022 Census figures are based on preliminary results. Muslims are

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880-426: The national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 1018 females per 1000 males. Dhaka Division Dhaka Division borders every other division in the country except Rangpur Division . It is bounded by Mymensingh Division to the north, Barisal Division to the south, Chittagong Division to the east and south-east, Sylhet Division to the north-east, and Rajshahi Division to the west and Khulna Divisions to

920-574: The nobles of Bengal became fiercely independent. Sulaiman Khan Karrani carved out an independent principality in the Bhati region comprising a part of greater Dhaka district and parts of Mymensingh district . During that period Taj Khan Karrani and another Afghan chieftain helped Isa Khan to obtain an estate in Sonargaon and Mymensingh in 1564. By winning the grace of the Afghan chieftain, Isa Khan gradually increased his strength and status and by 1571,

960-580: The predominant religion with 93.40%, while Hindus are main minority with 6.26% population. Christians and others are 0.28% and 0.06% respectively. Out of 44,213,278 population, 41,295,740 are Muslims, 2,766,723 are Hindus, 124,349 are Christians, 20,341 are Buddhist, with some other faiths small population. [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Baharistan-i-Ghaibi The Baharistan-i-Ghaibi ( Persian : بهارستان غیبی ), written by Mirza Nathan,

1000-559: The pseudonym of Ghaibi ( Invisible ). Mirza Nathan's eyewitness accounts have provided detailed and lucid accounts of the Mughal conquest of Kamarupa, Kachhar and Assam. The accounts of the several Magh invasions of the Mughal territory of Bhulua and the several Mughal invasions to Chittagong are found in greater details in the Baharistan; the Arakanese and the Portuguese sources give only

1040-482: The reign of Jahangir . Throughout his reign Isa Khan put resistance against Mughal invasion. It was only after his death, when the region went totally under Mughals . Isa Khan was buried in the village of Bakhtarpur . Dhaka became the capital of the Mughal province of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa in 1610 with a jurisdiction covering modern-day Bangladesh and eastern India , including the modern-day Indian states of West Bengal , Bihar and Orissa . This province

1080-427: The south-west. The origins of the name Dhaka are uncertain. It may derive from the dhak tree, which was once common in the area, or from Dhakeshwari , the 'patron goddess' of the region. Another popular theory states that Dhaka refers to a membranophone instrument, dhak which was played by order of Subahdar Islam Khan I during the inauguration of the Bengal capital in 1610. Some references also say it

1120-689: The successful quelling of the mutiny. It bestowed privileges on the Dhaka Nawab Family, which dominated the city's political and social elite. In 1885, the Dhaka State Railway was opened with a 144 km metre gauge (1000 mm) rail line connecting Mymensingh and the Port of Narayanganj through Dhaka. The city later became a hub of the Eastern Bengal State Railway . The electricity supply began in 1901. Dhaka's fortunes changed in

1160-590: The upkeep of the Mughal Navy. The Naib Nazim was in charge of the Dhaka Division, which included Dhaka, Comilla , and Chittagong. Dhaka Division was one of the four divisions under the Nawabs of Bengal. The Nawabs of Bengal allowed European trading companies to establish factories across Bengal. The region then became a hotbed for European rivalries. The British moved to oust the last independent Nawab of Bengal in 1757, who

1200-503: The viceroyalty of Islam Khan, but during the later period he was engaged in the warfare in Kamrup . When the prince Shah Jahan revolted against his father Jahangir and came to Bengal, Mirza Nathan joined him and helped in his war operations, but when the prince left Bengal for the Deccan , Mirza Nathan went into hiding and was not heard of anymore. Believed to be living a retired life, he adopted

1240-610: Was allied with the French. Due to the defection of Nawab's army chief Mir Jafar to the British side, the last Nawab lost the Battle of Plassey . In the northern part of the Dhaka division, Bhawal Estate was a large zamindari in Bengal (in modern-day Gazipur , Bangladesh) until it was abolished according to East Bengal State Acquisition and Tenancy Act of 1950 . In the late 17th century, Daulat Ghazi

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1280-603: Was derived from a Prakrit dialect called Dhaka Bhasa; or Dhakka, used in the Rajtarangini for a watch station; or it is the same as Davaka, mentioned in the Allahabad pillar inscription of Samudragupta as an eastern frontier kingdom. According to Rajatarangini written by a Kashmiri Brahman, Kalhana , the region was originally known as Dhakka . The word Dhakka means watchtower . Bikrampur and Sonargaon —the earlier strongholds of Bengal rulers were situated nearby. So Dhaka

1320-569: Was established in 1869. The subdivision covered modern day Faridpur, Rajbari , Madaripur , Shariatpur and Gopalganj districts (collectively known as Greater Faridpur). It was included in Eastern Bengal and Assam during the British Raj between 1905 and 1912. During the Indian mutiny of 1857 , Dhaka witnessed revolts by the Bengal Army . Direct rule by the British crown was established following

1360-457: Was known as Bengal Subah . The city was founded during the reign of Emperor Jahangir . Emperor Shah Jahan visited Dhaka in 1624 and stayed in the city for a week, four years before he became emperor in 1628. Dhaka became one of the richest and greatest cities in the world during the early period of Bengal Subah (1610-1717). The prosperity of Dhaka reached its peak during the administration of governor Shaista Khan (1644-1677 and 1680–1688). Rice

1400-638: Was most likely used as the watchtower for the fortification purpose. The history of urban settlements in the area of modern-day Dhaka dates to the first millennium. The region was part of the ancient district of Bikrampur , which was ruled by the Sena dynasty . The ancient city of Dholsamudra in present-day Gazipur served as one of the capitals of the Buddhist Pala Empire . In the sixth century, forts were built in Toke and Ekdala which continued to be used as late as

1440-432: Was opened on 28 April 1954. The first local airline Orient Airways began flights between Dhaka and Karachi on 6 June 1954. The Dhaka Improvement Trust was established in 1956 to coordinate the city's development. The first master plan for the city was drawn up in 1959. The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization established a medical research centre (now called ICDDR,B ) in the city in 1960. After independence, Following

1480-582: Was the first Mughal governor to reside in the city. Khan named it "Jahangir Nagar" ( The City of Jahangir ) in honour of the Emperor Jahangir. The name was dropped soon after the English conquered. Dhaka became home to one of the richest elites in Mughal India. Under the Nawabs of Bengal, the Naib Nazim of Dhaka was in charge of the city. The Naib Nazim was the deputy governor of Bengal. He also dealt with

1520-594: Was the zamindar of the Ghazi estate of Bhawal. Bala Ram was Diwan of Daulat Ghazi. In 1704, as the consequence of change in the policy of revenue collection, Bala Ram's son Sri Krishna was installed as the zamindar of Bhawal by Murshid Quli Khan . Since then, through acquisitions the zamindari expanded. The family turned into the proprietor of the whole Bhawal pargana after purchasing the zamindari of J. Wise, an indigo grower for Rs 4,46,000. In 1878, British Raj conferred Raja title to Zamindar Kalinarayan Roy Chowdhury who oversaw

1560-587: Was then sold at eight maunds per rupee. Thomas Bowrey, an English merchant sailor who visited the city between 1669 and 1670, wrote that the city was 40 miles in circuit. He estimated the city to be more populated than London with 900,000 people. Bengal became the economic engine of the Mughal Empire. Dhaka played a key role in the proto-industrialisation of Bengal. It was the centre of the muslin trade in Bengal , leading to muslin being called "daka" in distant markets as far away as Central Asia . Islam Khan I

1600-588: Was written by Alauddin Isfahani, alias Mirza Nathan. His father, Malik Ali, later entitled Ihtimam Khan, went to Bengal in 1608, along with Islam Khan Chishti , as an admiral of the Mughal fleet. Mirza Nathan accompanied his father in his service. Later Mirza Nathan was awarded the title of Shitab Khan by Jahangir. Serving in the Mughal army in Bengal, he witnessed most of the region's political events and common life, and wrote from personal observation. He took part in battles against Khwaja Usman and Pratapaditya during

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