23-582: Nepal Ratna Man Padavi Madan Kumar Bhandari ( Nepali : मदन कुमार भण्डारी ) (27 June 1951 – 17 May 1993), commonly known as Madan Bhandari , was a popular Nepali political leader belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) , a democratic communist party in Nepal. He defeated the incumbent Prime Minister Krishna Prasad Bhattarai in a landslide victory in the 1991 general election. Known for his charismatic style, Bhandari propounded
46-620: A central committee member of the Janabadi Sanskritik Morcha (Democratic Cultural Front), a student movement established by Pushpa Lal Shrestha . Around 1976 he left Pushpa Lal's Communist Party of Nepal to create the Mukti Morcha Samuha ("Liberation Front Group"), which formed an alliance with the survivors of the Jhapa Movement in 1978. He was a founding member of the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) preceding
69-462: A great massacre in Bhandarkhal (a royal garden east of Kathmandu Durbar) and at the bank of Bishnumati river after which Kaji Bhimsen killed 55 senior officials to benefit from the chaos. He was declared Mukhtiyar (Chief Authority) of Nepal and led the new government from a royal mandate of minor King Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah . Mukhtiyars ruled over the executive and administrative functions of
92-551: The 1980 referendum and was elected General-Secretary at its Fourth National Congress in 1986. Bhandari became the General-Secretary when the CPN (ML) merged into the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) in 1991. He played a central role in the CPN (UML) program of "People's Multiparty Democracy," which left his party as the strongest communist party in Nepal for several years even after his death. The CPN (UML) , under
115-531: The abolition of the Nepalese monarchy in 2006, it was officially known as His Majesty's Government . The head of state is the president and the prime minister holds the position of the head of executive. The role of president is largely ceremonial as the functioning of the government is managed entirely by the prime minister, who is appointed by the Parliament . The heads of constitutional bodies are appointed by
138-441: The award is conferred for exemplary contributions to the nation of Nepal. Order of Tri Shakti Patta was instituted by King Tribhuvan of Nepal in on 27 November 1937. It had 5 classes plus a medal. The first class "Jyotirmaya-Subikhyat-Tri-Shakti-Patta" was regarded as the highest civilian award of that time. After the end of monarchy in 2008, the new government adapted the award, "Nepal Ratna Man Padavi". The government makes
161-471: The decision to whom to give the award and it is conferred by the President of Nepal on Republic Day, 29 May. The decoration is an octagon having 8.5 cm diameter and bejewelled with five diamond pieces on every corner. Government of Nepal Executive: Federal Parliament : Judiciary: The Government of Nepal ( Nepali : नेपाल सरकार ) is the federal executive authority of Nepal . Prior to
184-437: The earlier Gorkha hill principality . Bharadars formed a consultative body in the kingdom for the most important functions of the state as councillors, ministers and diplomats. There was no one single successful coalition government as court politics were driven from large factional rivalries, consecutive conspiracies and ostracization of opponent Bharadar families through assassination rather than legal expulsion. Another reason
207-409: The government of Nepal comprised As for Regmi states, the government of Nepal comprised In 1794, King Rana Bahadur Shah came of age and his first act was to re-constitute the government such that his uncle, Prince Bahadur Shah of Nepal , had no official part to play. Rana Bahadur appointed Kirtiman Singh Basnyat as Chief ( Mul ) Kaji among the newly appointed four Kajis though Damodar Pande
230-503: The leadership of Bhandari, won all but one seat in the Himalayan capital in the 1991 elections , the country's first free election after more than three decades. Bhandari proclaimed this "a vote for democracy," "a vote for independence" and "a vote for the alleviation of poverty." He argued for the popular vote as opposed to armed struggle as the main tactic for communists. Bhandari was married to Bidya Devi Bhandari in 1982. Ms. Bhandari at
253-654: The popular communist principle or thought " People's Multiparty Democracy " ( Nepali : जनताको बहुदलीय जनवाद ). He is widely regarded for peaking the Nepal's communist movement to a greater height. He died in a jeep accident in Dasdhunga, Chitwan , in 1993. Madan Bhandari was born in the Dhungesangu village of Taplejung district in eastern Nepal. He studied at Medibung School in Taplejung and in Varanasi , India . In 1972, he became
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#1732855978450276-531: The president on the recommendation of Constitutional Council, with the exception of the attorney general, who is appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister. The character of government in Kingdom of Nepal was driven from consultative state capacity of the previous Gorkha hill principality , known as Bharadar . These Bharadars were not drawn from high caste and politically influential families. For instance; Thar Ghan aristocratic group in
299-445: The principles of Hindu Dharma codes of conduct. The king had full rights to expel any person who offended the country and also pardon the offenders and grant return to the country. The government on practicality was not an absolute monarchy due to the dominance of Nepalese political clans making the Shah monarch a puppet ruler. These basic Hindu templates provide the evidence that Nepal
322-524: The reigning government. He took over the administration of Nepal by assuming the position of Mukhtiyar (chief authority). A new government was constituted with favoring officials. Bhimsen Thapa was made a second kaji; Ranajit Pande , who was the father-in-law of Bhimsen's brother, was made the Mul (Chief) Kaji; Sher Bahadur Shah , Rana Bahadur's half-brother, was made the Mul (Chief) Chautariya; while Rangnath Paudel
345-449: The state until its replacement by British conventional prime minister in 1843 conferred upon then ruling Mukhtiyar Mathabar Singh Thapa . The policies of the old Bharadari governments were derived from ancient Hindu texts as Dharmashastra and Manusmriti . The King was considered as an incarnation of Lord Vishnu and was the chief authority over legislative, judiciary and executive functions. The judiciary functions were decided on
368-540: The three people inside the car, only the driver Amar Lama survived who was later abducted and killed by a group of unidentified gunmen in Kirtipur, Kathmandu; the two leaders Madan Bhandari and Jibaraj Ashrit died. His body was recovered three days later and kept in Dasharath Rangashala, where people visited throughout the day and into the night to pay their respects. The only survivor of that crash, driver Amar Lama,
391-409: The time of her wedding to Bhandari was a junior political cadre of his party who later became the first female President of Nepal. The couple had two daughters, Usha Kiran Bhandari and Nisha Kusum Bhandari. Both daughters are married. On May 16, 1993 Bhandari died in a car accident in Dasdhunga, Chitwan . According to an investigation led by K.P. Oli , it was not an accident but an unsolved murder. Of
414-661: Was inaugurated in Urlabari , Morang. The damaged jeep of the 1993 accident has been kept on display at the Urlabari Museum. On 2016, he was posthumously awarded with Nepal Ratna Man Padavi , the highest honour to a Nepali citizen by the Government of Nepal . Nepal Ratna Man Padavi Nepal Ratna Man Padavi ( Nepali : नेपाल रत्न मानपदवी , Order of the Jewel of Nepal ) is the highest civilian award of Nepal . Instituted in 2010,
437-590: Was made the Raj Guru (royal spiritual preceptor). Later in April 1806, tensions arose between Chief Chautariya Sher Bahadur Shah and Mukhtiyar Rana Bahadur Shah on the night of 25 April 1806 during a meeting at Tribhuvan Khawas's house where around 10 pm, Sher Bahadur in desperation drew a sword and killed Rana Bahadur Shah before being cut down by nearby courtiers, Bam Shah and Bal Narsingh Kunwar , also allies of Bhimsen. The assassination of Rana Bahadur Shah triggered
460-512: Was murdered 10 years later. A group of unidentified gunmen abducted Lama from the office of Tajakhabar Weekly tabloid around 13:45. He was taken to the hamlet of Kirtipur on the southwestern outskirts of the capital and shot. The assassins then fled towards Panga village. A bust has been built at the spot of the accident at Dasdhunga. The government of Nepal proposed to build Madan Bhandari Highway from Shantinagar of Jhapa district to Rupal of Dadheldhura district. In March 2018, Madan Bhandari Museum
483-428: Was secretly assassinated on 28 September 1801, by the supporters of Raj Rajeshwari Devi and his brother Bakhtawar Singh Basnyat , was then given the post of Chief ( Mul ) Kaji. Later Damodar Pande was appointed by Queen Rajrajeshwari as Chief Kaji. When the exiled abdicated King Rana Bahadur Shah prepared his return in 1804, he arrested many government officials including then Chief Kaji Damodar Pande and sacked
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#1732855978450506-446: Was the minority of the reigning King between 1777 and 1847 that led to establishment of anarchial rule. The government was stated to have been controlled by regents, Mukhtiyars and alliance of political faction with strong fundamental support. In the end of the 18th century, the central politics was regularly dominated by two notable political factions: Thapas and Pandes . As per historians and contemporary writer Francis Hamilton ,
529-427: Was the most influential Kaji. Kirtiman had succeeded Abhiman Singh Basnyat as Chief Kaji while Prince Bahadur Shah was succeeded as Chief ( Mul ) Chautariya by Prince Ranodyot Shah, then heir apparent of King Rana Bahadur Shah by a Chhetri Queen Subarna Prabha Devi . Kajis had held the administrative and executive powers of nation after the fall of Chief Chautariya Prince Bahadur Shah in 1794. Later, Kirtiman Singh
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