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37-518: MPN may refer to: Manufacturer part number , an identifier Memory part number , an identifier for computer memory Master promissory note , a wide-encompassing accounting contract Metal-phenolic network , a supramolecular coordination structure consisting of metal ions and polyphenols Microsoft Partner Network , a network of Microsoft partner companies and vendors MintPress News , an American left-wing news website Mobil Producing Nigeria ,

74-410: A keypad , which normally includes digits and dashes, and is operated one-handed, leaving the other hand free. Other benefits: people find numbers easier ; in a warehouse, one can store products in numeric order (for example, in an aisle, numbers can increase from one end to the other). There is a strong tradition in part numbering practice, in use across many corporations, to use suffixes consisting of

111-406: A telephone may also bear letters which have had several auxiliary uses, such as remembering area codes or whole telephone numbers. The layout of calculators and telephone number pads diverged because they developed at around the same time. The phone layout was determined to be fastest by Bell Labs testing for that application, and at the time it controlled all the publicly connected telephones in

148-439: A "dash" followed by a number comprising 1 or 2 digits (occasionally more). These suffixes are called dash numbers , and they are a common way of logically associating a set of detail parts or subassemblies that belong to a common assembly or part family. For example, the part numbers 12345-1, 12345-2, and 12345-3 are three different dash numbers of the same part family. In precise typographical and character encoding terms, it

185-490: A 4 × 4 array of 4 I/O lines as outputs and 4 as inputs. A circuit is completed between an output and an input when a key is pressed. Each individual keypress creates a unique signal for the host. If required, and if the processor allows, two keys can be pressed at the same time without ambiguity. Adding diodes in series with each key prevents key ghosting , allowing multiple simultaneous presses. 8 leads can detect many more keys if tri-state multiplexing (Figure 1, right)

222-541: A British military base in the Falkland Islands Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title MPN . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MPN&oldid=1097523936 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

259-414: A Nigerian petroleum company Most probable number , a method for estimating counts from positive/negative data Movimiento Popular Neuquino , a provincial political party in the province of Neuquén, Argentina Mutual Progressive Network , a 1970s US radio network Myeloproliferative neoplasms , a family of blood cancers in which excess cells are produced RAF Mount Pleasant (IATA airport code),

296-518: A company, significant numbering systems help identify an item from its code rather than from a long description. However, variations can arise when codes are used by other companies, which may be your distributors, and can cause confusion. Non-significant part numbers are easier to assign and manage. They can still have some structure, such as a numeric category followed by a sequential number. Eg: 231-1002 (2=Hardware 3=Screw 1=Phillips, 1002 = sequential number). This enables more efficient data entry, using

333-471: A convention of circling the dash numbers on a drawing, such as in view designators and subpart callouts. Another widespread tradition is using the drawing number as the root (or stem) of the part number; in this tradition, the various dash-number parts usually appear as views on the self-same drawing. For example, drawing number 12345 may show an assembly, P/N 12345-1, which comprises detail parts -2 ("dash two"), -3, -4, -8, and -11. Even drawings for which there

370-427: A design modification suffix is adding "V" or "Z" to the end of the part number to designate the variant of the part that is purchased "less paint", "less plating ", "with the holes not yet drilled", "intentionally oversize by 0.01 mm (0.00039 in)", or any of countless other modifications. The intent is usually that the feature in question (such as holes not yet drilled, or paint not yet sprayed) will be added at

407-424: A few). For example, when referring to a "Hardware, screw, machine, 4-40, 3/4" long, Phillips": The business using such a screw may buy screws from any of those manufacturers, because each supplier manufactures the parts to the same specification. To identify such screws, the user doesn't want to use any of those manufacturer's part numbers, because Therefore, the user devises its own part numbering system. In such

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444-487: A higher assembly level; or that maintenance workers in the field will choose from a kit of undersize and oversize parts (such as bushings) in order to achieve a certain fit (sliding fit, light press fit, etc.). Sometimes the terms "engineering part number" and "manufacturing part number" are used to differentiate the "normal" or "basic" part number (engineering PN) from the modification-suffixed part number (manufacturing PN). Many assemblies with reflection symmetry , such as

481-430: A host through 16 separate connecting leads , plus a ground lead (Figure 1, left). Pressing a key will short to ground, which is detected by the host. This design allows any number or combination of keys can be pressed simultaneously. Parallel-in serial-out shift registers may be used to save I/O pins . These 16 + 1 leads can be reduced to just 8 by using x/y multiplexing (Figure 1, center). A 16-key keypad uses

518-504: A serial number, when used, identifies a particular (physical) part (one physical instance), as differentiated from the next unit that was stamped, machined, or extruded right after it. This distinction is not always clear, as natural language blurs it by typically referring to both part designs , and particular instantiations of those designs, by the same word, "part(s)". Thus if you buy a muffler of P/N 12345 today, and another muffler of P/N 12345 next Tuesday, you have bought "two copies of

555-454: A series of parts that collectively make up an assembly or subassembly. This concept is helpful in the database management of engineering and production (such as in product data management applications) when it is useful to think of a certain combination of subparts as "one part" (and thus one database record ) for ordering, production, or billing purposes. It is common in the engineering of parts, subassemblies, and higher assemblies to treat

592-456: A system, the user may use the part number "HSC0424PP" for that screw. There are also some national and industry-association initiatives which help producers and consumers codify the product based on a unified scheme to establish a common language between industrial and commercial sectors. For example: In general, there are two types of part numbering systems: significant (a.k.a. "intelligent") and non-significant (a.k.a. "non-intelligent"). In

629-519: A wide range of technologies that can be used as keypads, each with distinctive advantages and disadvantages. These include Resistive, Capacitive, Inductive, Piezoelectric, and Optical. The first key-activated mechanical calculators and many cash registers used "parallel" keys with one column of 0 to 9 for each position the machine could use. A smaller, 10-key input first started on the Standard Adding Machine in 1901. The calculator had

666-483: Is a common concept in many corporations to add certain suffixes beyond, or in place of, the regular dash numbers, in order to designate a part that is mostly in conformance with the part design (that is, mostly "to print"), but intentionally lacks certain features. The suffixes are usually "intelligent", that is, they use an encoding system , although the encoding systems are usually corporation-specific (and thus cryptic, and of little use, to outsiders). An example of such

703-405: Is a common practice to give them sequential dash numbers , or -LH and -RH part number suffixes. It is also not uncommon to show only one of them on the drawing, and to define the symmetrical counterpart simply by stating that it is "opposite". Common notations include "left-hand shown, right-hand opposite" or "-1, LH (shown); -2, RH (opposite)". The term phantom part is sometimes used to describe

740-438: Is acceptable or not (that is, "whether the part will still work" or "whether it will still fit into the assembly" interchangeably). The sizes of fillets and edge breaks are common examples of such details where production staff must say, "it may easily be trivial, but it could possibly matter, and we're not the ones who can tell which is true in this case". However, a challenge to this paradigm (of perfectly frozen part definition)

777-411: Is actually a hyphen , not a dash , that is usually used; but the word "dash" is firmly established in the spoken and written usage of the engineering and manufacturing professions; "dash number", not "hyphen number", is the standard term. This comes from the era before computers, when most typographical laypeople did not need to differentiate the characters or glyphs precisely. Some companies follow

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814-473: Is attributed to John E. Karlin , an industrial psychologist at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey. On a telephone keypad , the numbers 1 through 9 are arranged from left to right, top to bottom with 0 in a row below 789 and in the center. Telephone keypads also have the special buttons labelled * ( star ) and # (octothorpe, number sign , "pound", "hex" or "hash") on either side of the zero key. The keys on

851-428: Is common today for part numbers (as well as serial numbers or other information) to be marked on the part in ways that facilitate machine-readability , such as barcodes or QR codes . Today's advanced state of optical character recognition (OCR) technology also means that machines can often read the human-readable format of Arabic numerals and Latin script . Current revisions of major part marking standards (such as

888-549: Is currently only one part definition existing will often designate that part with a part number comprising drawing number plus -1 ("dash one"). This is to provide extensibility of the part numbering system, in anticipation of a day when it might be desired to add another part definition to the family, which can then become -2 ("dash two"), followed by -3 ("dash three"), and so on. Some corporations make no attempt to encode part numbers and drawing numbers with common encoding; they are paired arbitrarily. In other numbering schemes there

925-436: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Manufacturer part number As a part number is an identifier of a part design (independent of its instantiations ), a serial number is a unique identifier of a particular instantiation of that part design. In other words, a part number identifies any particular (physical) part as being made to that one unique design;

962-432: Is no separate drawing number, the drawing simply reuses the part number. Often more than one version of a part design will be specified on one drawing. This allows for easy updating of one drawing that covers a family of parts, and it keeps the specifications for similar parts on one drawing. For example: A common application of tabulation of part families is multiple dimensions within a general design, e.g. bushing : It

999-434: Is that sometimes it is necessary to obtain a part that is "mostly like" part A but that also incorporates some of the features of parts B and C. For example, a new variant of model of next-higher assembly may require this. Although this "blending" of part designs could happen very informally in a non-mass-production environment (such as an engineering lab, home business, or prototyping toolroom), it requires more forethought when

1036-482: The E.161 standard for their arrangement. A computer keyboard usually has a small numeric keypad on the side, in addition to the other number keys on the top, but with a calculator-style arrangement of buttons that allow more efficient entry of numerical data. This number pad (commonly abbreviated to numpad ) is usually positioned on the right side of the keyboard because most people are right-handed. Many laptop computers have special function keys that turn part of

1073-640: The U.S. military's MIL-STD-130 ) take pains to codify the most advantageous combinations of machine-readable information (MRI) and human-readable information (HRI). Keypad A keypad is a block or pad of buttons set with an arrangement of digits, symbols, or alphabetical letters. Pads mostly containing numbers and used with computers are numeric keypads . Keypads are found on devices which require mainly numeric input such as calculators , television remotes , push-button telephones , vending machines , ATMs , point of sale terminals, combination locks , safes , and digital door locks . Many devices follow

1110-464: The United States. Although calculator keypads pre-date telephone keypads by nearly thirty years, the top-to-bottom order for telephones was the result of research studies conducted by a Bell Labs Human Factors group led by John Karlin. They tested a variety of layouts including a Facit like the two-row arrangement, buttons in a circle, buttons in an arc, and rows of three buttons. The definitive study

1147-449: The alphabetical keyboard into a numerical keypad as there is insufficient space to allow a separate keypad to be built into the laptop's chassis. Separate external plug-in keypads can be purchased. Keypads for the entry of PINs and for product selection appear on many devices including ATMs, vending machines, point of sale payment devices, time clocks, combination locks and digital door locks. Apart from mechanical keypads, there are

MPN - Misplaced Pages Continue

1184-530: The concerns are more thoroughly separated (such as when some production is outsourced to vendors). In the latter case, a new part definition, termed a synthetic part (because its definition synthesizes features from various other parts), is created. Ideally it is then formally defined with a new drawing; but often in the imperfect reality of the business world, to save time and expense, an improvised TPD will be prepared for it consisting of several existing drawings and some notes about which features to synthesize. It

1221-448: The definition of a certain part as a very well-defined concept, with every last detail controlled by the engineering drawing or its accompanying technical product documentation (TPD). This is necessary because of the separation of concerns that often exists in production, in which the maker of each part (whether an in-house department or a vendor) does not have all the information needed to decide whether any particular small variation

1258-473: The digit keys arranged in one row, with zero on the left, and 9 on the right. The modern four-row arrangement debuted with the Sundstrand Adding Machine in 1911. There is no standard for the layout of the four arithmetic operations, the decimal point , equal sign or other more advanced mathematical functions on the keypad of a calculator . The invention of the push-button telephone keypad

1295-418: The fuselages and wings of aircraft, the hulls of ships and boats, and the bodies of cars and trucks, require matched pairs of parts that are identical, or nearly identical, except for being mirror images of each other. (For example, the left and right wings of an airplane, or the left and right fenders or doors of a car.) Often these related parts are designated left-hand ( LH ) and right-hand ( RH ) parts. It

1332-429: The same part", or "two parts", depending on the sense implied. A business using a part will often use a different part number than the various manufacturers of that part do. This is especially common for catalog hardware, because the same or similar part design (say, a screw with a certain standard thread, of a certain length) might be made by many corporations (as opposed to unique part designs, made by only one or

1369-550: Was published in 1960: "Human Factor Engineering Studies of the Design and Use of Pushbutton Telephone Sets" by R. L. Deininger. This study concluded that the adopted layout was best, and that the calculator layout was about 3% slower than the adopted telephone keypad. Despite the conclusions obtained in the study, there are several popular theories and folk histories explaining the inverse order of telephone and calculator keypads. A mechanically-switched 16-key keypad can be connected to

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