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35-571: MDI Biological Laboratory was originally founded as the Harpswell Lab in 1898 by a biology professor at Tufts University, John Kingsley . MDI Biological Laboratory was originally established as a teaching and research laboratory in South Harpswell, Maine and focused on natural history , embryology , and comparative anatomy . Early investigators at the lab included Naohide Yatsu , Warren Lewis , and Margaret Reed Lewis . MDI Biological Laboratory

70-547: A high proportion of the mice used in biomedical research In particular, the C57BL/6J strain, which is widely used and cited is maintained at The Jackson Laboratory. The demand for mice generated at The Jackson Lab increased in 1937 when the Surgeon General supported a grant from National Cancer Institute to the lab that made mice produced there a de facto industry standard due to federal standardization requirements because it

105-553: A jury in Maine found that Jackson Laboratory did not violate that state's whistleblower protection law when they fired an employee who claimed to have been terminated after reporting her concerns about the treatment of animals to the National Institutes of Health Office for Laboratory Animal Welfare. The worker accused the laboratory of "allowing mice to suffer and then die in their cages instead of euthanizing them" and of cutting off

140-664: A keen interest in science, especially chemistry. After attending schools in Norwich, Connecticut , and Cincinnatus he decided to become an engineer. He refused an appointment to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis and chose instead to attend Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute . The death of his father forced him to leave the Institute before earning his degree. The engineering training he did receive though enabled him to earn enough money to resume his education in 1873 with

175-600: A one-time editor of the publications Standard Natural History (1884), and The American Naturalist (1886–96). He had served over the years as president of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences at Lincoln, and the American Morphological Society at Johns Hopkins University , and held memberships in several other scientific organizations both nationally and internationally. John Kinsgley married Mary Emma Read of Salem, Massachusetts on 31 January 1882. She

210-502: A professor of zoology at the University of Illinois . In 1898, he founded MDI Biological Laboratory Throughout his career, Kingsley would author over 300 scientific articles and numerous books on such subjects as vertebrae zoology, comparative zoology, and the anatomy of vertebrates. In 1902, he translated German zoologist Richard Hertwig’s ein Handbuch der Zoologie . Kingsley was

245-491: A remarkable percentage of our genome with organisms that appear to be completely different than humans. For example, MDI Biological Laboratory scientists study the tiny nematode Caenorhabditis elegans , with a lifespan of two to three weeks, to study genes that regulate aging and lifespan. Those same genes are present in humans . They study organisms such as zebrafish and salamanders that are naturally able to regenerate diseased or damaged tissue, organs, and limbs using

280-607: A variety of other academic institutions. In the Bar Harbor location, cooperative Ph.D. training is offered in conjunction with the University of Maine and Tufts University . At the Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, cooperative Ph.D. training is offered in conjunction with the University of Connecticut Health Center . There are more than 60 faculty members maintaining independent labs across these campuses, who perform research in six primary areas: The Jackson Laboratory

315-474: Is a National Cancer Institute -designated Cancer Center and has NIH Centers of Excellence in aging and systems genetics. The stated mission of The Jackson Laboratory is "to discover the genetic basis for preventing, treating and curing human diseases, and to enable research and education for the global biomedical community ." The laboratory also provides more than 13,000 strains of mouse models to more than 2,400 organizations in 68 countries around

350-659: Is the recipient of the SeaWorld Busch Gardens Environmental Excellence Award (1998), the Governor's Award for Environmental Excellence (2000), and the Gulf of Maine Council Visionary Award (2007). She has been instrumental in the forming of the Frenchman Bay Partners, a broad-based stakeholder group committed to a sustainable future for Frenchman Bay . The MDI Biological Laboratory launched

385-660: The National Institutes of Health . Programs at the MDI Biological Laboratory help break down the barriers that often exist between science and the public. The Laboratory offers the MDI Science Cafés, Anecdata.org , Family Science Night, Art Meets Science program, and the Community Environmental Health Laboratory (CEHL). The Community Environmental Health Laboratory (CEHL) works to identify, locate, and remedy threats to public health and

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420-501: The Human and Environmental Sustainability Summits in 2013 as part of its focus on improving human and environmental health and on using science to solve real world problems. The summits bring together a diverse group of stakeholders to develop actionable solutions to critical problems in environmental and public health. In 2014, forty scientists, engineers, health officials, consumer advocates, food industry representatives, and educators addressed

455-511: The INBRE grant. Half of all INBRE funds are distributed across Maine among INBRE partner institutions to support student research training and junior faculty. The program has trained more than 2,000 Maine students in state-of-the-art research methods. Over 90% of INBRE graduates pursue careers or advanced education in scientific or medical fields. The 13 institutions participating in the Maine INBRE are

490-620: The JAX Cancer Center's technological initiatives in mouse modeling, genome analytics and quantitative cell biology. On May 10, 1989, a flash fire destroyed the Morrell Park mouse production facility. The fire lasted for five hours, requiring over 100 firefighters from 15 companies and a total of 16 trucks for the fire to be contained. Four workers of the Colwell Construction Company who were installing fiberglass wallboard in

525-650: The MDI Biological Laboratory as lead institution, The Jackson Laboratory , Bowdoin , Bates , and Colby Colleges , College of the Atlantic , the University of Maine , the University of Maine Honors College, and the University of Maine at Farmington , Fort Kent , Machias , and Presque Isle , and Southern Maine Community College . In 2021, MDI Biological Labs was awarded a grant under the INBRE program to introduce undergraduate students throughout Maine to cloud computing . IDeA and INBRE are programs administered and funded by

560-479: The MDI Biological Laboratory focus on studying regeneration and aging to promote longer, healthier lives. They are developing new approaches for treating and preventing heart disease , stroke , diabetes , and cancer , as well as Alzheimer's , Parkinson's , and Huntington's diseases. To do so, they pick the most efficient, effective, and economical model organism for each biological question, knowing that our common evolutionary heritage means that humans share

595-481: The Maine INBRE or IDeA Network for Biomedical Research Excellence, a collaborative network of three Maine research institutions and ten Maine colleges that is strengthening Maine's capacity to conduct competitive biomedical research. Since its founding in 2001, the INBRE program has brought more than $ 68 million into Maine in federal grants for the research and education programs it supports, as well as an additional $ 38 million in federal funding for research initiated under

630-541: The charges leveled against him. John Sterling Kingsley John Sterling Kingsley (7 April 1854 – 29 August 1929) was an American professor of biology and zoology . John Kingsley was born on 7 April 1854 in Cincinnatus, New York son of Lewis and Julia A. (née Kingman) Kingsley. His father, who was then County Judge and Surrogate, moved to Norwich in 1856 where Kingsley was raised and received his early education at private schools. From his earliest years, he took

665-571: The clean waters on and around Mount Desert Island by putting science in the hands of community volunteers, students, and teachers. Every CEHL project relies on volunteer efforts from students and community members, and involves community education. Current projects at CEHL include the study and restoration of eelgrass beds in Frenchman Bay , eelgrass-based education and outreach in middle and high schools, swim beach water quality monitoring, and phytoplankton monitoring. CEHL's director, Jane Disney,

700-482: The decision was made to commit his remains to the sea. Jackson Laboratory The Jackson Laboratory (often abbreviated as JAX ) is an independent, non-profit biomedical research institution which was founded by Clarence Cook Little in 1929. It employs over 3,000 employees in Bar Harbor, Maine ; Sacramento, California ; Farmington, Connecticut ; Shanghai , China ; and Yokohama , Japan . The institution

735-479: The foundational cancer research conducted there. The JAXCC is one of seven NCI-designated Cancer Centers with a focus on basic research. The Jackson Laboratory Cancer Center has a single program, Genetic Models for Precision Cancer Medicine, composed of three biological themes: cancer cell robustness, genomic and genetic complexity, and progenitor cell biology. The themes emphasize the systems genetics of cancer and translational cancer genomics, and all are supported by

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770-610: The global problem of arsenic in food and drinking water . On August 2, 2021, former Associate Professor Viravuth (Voot) Yin entered into an agreement with the Office of Research Integrity (ORI) specifying that his research would be supervised for a period of two years. This agreement was the culmination of an investigation by ORI and MDIBL into research misconduct perpetrated by Dr. Voot, which found inclusion of falsified and fabricated data in three published manuscripts and two manuscripts then under review. Dr. Voot neither admitted nor denied

805-611: The junior class at Williams College . It was around this time that he took a side interest in medicine, devoting much of his spare time to the subject when not engaged in his normal classwork. His connection with the Natural History Society of the college, however, caused him to decide upon biology as his life study; and upon his graduation in 1875 enrolled at the Peabody Academy of Science at Salem, Massachusetts , where he studied with Alpheus Spring Packard . Here his work

840-595: The laboratory, and its mice. Worldwide donations of funds and mice allowed the lab to resume operations in 1948. In October 2021, Jackson Lab bought Japan-based research animal business from Charles River Laboratories International for US$ 63 million. The Jackson Laboratory is recognized by the IRS as a public charity. According to organization literature, revenue comes primarily from the sale of materials and services (~70%) and from government support (~25%). Less than 5% of 2012 revenue came from charitable donations. In 2013,

875-406: The room where the fire broke out were injured, one with burns over 15 percent of his body. While none of the foundation strains were lost, 300,000 production mice (about 50% of their stock) died, resulting in a national shortage of laboratory mice and the layoff of 60 employees. This was the second fire to severely affect the laboratory; the 1947 fire that burned most of the island destroyed most of

910-477: The same genetic mechanisms found in humans. However, for some reason those mechanisms have been turned off in most mammals . MDI Biological Laboratory scientists are learning how to reactivate these mechanisms to promote healing in humans. In 2013 scientists at the MDI Biological Laboratory formed a spin-off company, Novo Biosciences, to explore the potential of MSI-1436, a naturally occurring compound, to speed wound healing and tissue repair in mammals. This research

945-574: The son of Henry Ford , and from Roscoe B. Jackson , a one-time head of the Hudson Motor Car Company , for whom the institution is named. As well as providing funds for the first laboratory building, Roscoe B. Jackson provided support for the first five years of operation. The sale of mouse animal models began in 1933 with early sales to the United States Public Health Service and The Jackson Laboratory now provides

980-610: The world. Additionally, JAX is the home of the Mouse Genome Informatics database, and an international hub for scientific courses, conferences, training and education . The Jackson Laboratory has two research campuses, the Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics located in Bar Harbor, Maine, and the Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine located in Farmington, Connecticut. Each campus maintains affiliations with

1015-783: Was covered by Scientific American in an April 2019 feature article. Education is an important part of the MDI Biological Laboratory's mission. Students at all levels, from middle school to medical school, receive hands-on research training that prepares them for the 21st century workforce. In 2014, the Laboratory offered 25 one- or two-week-long courses for Maine undergraduates, medical students, and scientific professionals. Academic year and summer fellowships are offered for high school and undergraduate students. These fellowships provide an extended opportunity for students to work directly with an MDI Biological Laboratory scientist and gain real-world research experience. The MDI Biological Laboratory leads

1050-666: Was entirely in the line of systematic zoology, especially on crustaceans , that he published several papers on. In 1878, Kingsley moved to Providence, Rhode Island , to work as an assistant on the newly formed United States Entomological Commission . The following year he attended the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Science , where he studied general morphology. During this time he supported himself by drawing scientific illustrations and writing articles for various scientific journals. Kingsley then attended Princeton University , receiving his Doctorate of Science in 1885. In 1887 he

1085-431: Was founded by Clarence Cook Little , a former University of Maine and University of Michigan president, in 1929 in Bar Harbor, Maine under the name Roscoe B. Jackson Memorial Laboratory with the purpose of discovering the causes of cancer and other diseases through research on mammals. The campus was built on 13 acres of land donated by George Dorr . Initial funding for the laboratory campus came from Edsel Ford ,

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1120-469: Was incorporated in 1914 in Maine as a non-profit scientific and educational institution. In June 1921, the lab moved to its current home on Mount Desert Island , Maine, to land purchased by Wild Gardens of Acadia, a group of philanthropists led by George Dorr and John D. Rockefeller Jr. Upon moving to Mount Desert Island, the name was changed to Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, and subsequently shortened to MDI Biological Laboratory. Scientists at

1155-548: Was named Professor of Zoology at the University of Indiana and two years later accepted the chair of Biology at the University of Nebraska . He resigned in 1891 to take a year off to study in Europe, primarily at the University of Freiburg under Dr. Robert Wiedersheim . Upon his return in 1892, Kingsley was offered the chair of Biology at Tufts College where he would write nearly all the biological articles for Johnson's Universal Cyclopaedia . From 1913 to 1921, Kingsley served as

1190-497: Was the daughter of a Salem produce dealer who, several years after her birth, served in the American Civil War . Kingsley's only child, Mary Winship, was born in 1883 at Melrose, Massachusetts . John Sterling Kingsley died of a heart attack on 29 August 1929 while traveling with his daughter aboard the S.S. President Taft . At the time of his death, the ship was some three days away from docking at Yokohama, Japan , and

1225-472: Was the only large-scale mouse provider before World War II. The research performed at The Jackson Laboratory is associated with at least 26 Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine via research, resources, or educational programming. Some notable findings from the institution include: The Jackson Laboratory Cancer Center (JAXCC) first received its National Cancer Institute designation in 1983 in recognition of

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