A mechanical amplifier or a mechanical amplifying element is a linkage mechanism that amplifies the magnitude of mechanical quantities such as force, displacement, velocity, acceleration and torque in linear and rotational systems. In some applications, mechanical amplification induced by nature or unintentional oversights in man-made designs can be disastrous, causing situations such as the 1940 Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse . When employed appropriately, it can help to magnify small mechanical signals for practical applications.
33-527: M600 may refer to: Eten M600 , a mobile telephone and PDA Noble M600 , a handbuilt British supercar Orange M600 , a mobile telephone and PDA Sony Ericsson M600 , a mobile telephone M-600, the Syria-manufactured version of the Iranian Fateh-110 missile The Piper M600 single-engine light airplane [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
66-465: A MoTeC M190 and Injector Dynamics ID725 electronic fuel injection . It has a compression ratio of 9.50:1. It uses an Oerlikon Graziano transaxle six-speed manual gearbox and has the redline set at 7,000 rpm. At least, a pre-production variant of the Speedster is also equipped with an automatic gearbox. The M600 uses steel brake discs with six piston calipers at the front and four piston calipers at
99-417: A frame to form a transmission . This can provide translation (linear motion) or rotation as well as mechanically alter displacement , speed , velocity , acceleration , direction and torque depending on the type of gears employed, transmission configuration and gearing ratio . The mechanical advantage of a gear train is given by the ratio of the output torque T B and input torque T A , which
132-427: A given transducer such as gear trains in generators or to enhance the mechanical signal output from a given transducer such as diaphragm in speakers and gramophones . Electrical amplifiers increase the power of the signal with energy supplied from an external source. This is generally not the case with most devices described as mechanical amplifiers; all the energy is provided by the original signal and there
165-463: A left-hand drive version of the car through Italy and the clutch failed, causing clutch material to damage the gearbox; Noble sent the production team another car. Despite the breakdown, Hammond heaped considerable praise on the car. It has also been featured in the American adaptation of the show where it receives considerable praise, the main "challenge" was to reach its top speed, the vehicle attained
198-420: A longer build up/ transient state . “The parametric resonator provides a very useful instrument that has been developed by a number of researchers, in part because a parametric resonator can serve as a mechanical amplifier, over a narrow band of frequencies.” Direct resonance can be equated to someone pushing a child on a swing. If the frequency of the pushing (external forcing) matches the natural frequency of
231-415: A natural frequency f n , which is presented as the following in its most basic form. When an external forcing is applied directly (parallel to the plane of the oscillatory displacement) to the system around the frequency of its natural frequency, then the fundamental mode of resonance can be achieved. The oscillatory amplitude outside this frequency region is typically smaller than the resonant peak and
264-420: A second order mass-spring-damper system governed by the following second order differential equation. where, x is the displacement, m is the effective mass, c is the damping coefficient, k is the spring constant of the restoring force , and F(t) is external forcing as a function of time. "A mechanical amplifier is basically a mechanical resonator that resonates at the operating frequency and magnifies
297-403: A simple hoax. Amplifiers, in the most general sense, are intermediate elements that increase the magnitude of a signal. These include mechanical amplifiers, electrical/electronic amplifiers , hydraulic/fluidic amplifiers , pneumatic amplifiers, optical amplifiers and quantum amplifiers . The purpose of employing a mechanical amplifier is generally to magnify the mechanical signal fed into
330-412: A top speed of 215 mph (346 km/h), but stopped because the vehicle ran out of space on the runway it was being tested on. Servo assistance No additional energy can be created from any given mechanical amplifier due to conservation of energy . Claims of using mechanical amplifiers for perpetual motion machines are false, due to either a lack of understanding of the working mechanism or
363-424: Is a mechanism that usually consist of a rigid beam/rod fixed about a pivot. Levers are balanced when there is a balance of moment or torque about the pivot. Three major classifications exist, depending on the position of the pivot, input and output forces. The fundamental principle of lever mechanism is governed by the following ratio, dating back to Archimedes . where F A is a force acting on point A on
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#1732844903725396-407: Is also the same ratio of number of teeth of the output gear N B and the number of teeth of the input gear N A . Therefore, torque can be amplified if the number of teeth of the output gear is larger than that of the input gear. The ratio of the number of gear teeth is also related to the gear velocities ω A and ω B as follows. Therefore, if the number of teeth of the output gear
429-487: Is created. However, through mechanical amplification, more of the available power spectrum can be utilised at a more optimal efficiency rather than dissipated. Levers and gear trains are classical tools used to achieve mechanical advantage MA , which is a measure of mechanical amplification. Lever can be used to change the magnitude of a given mechanical signal, such as force or displacement. Levers are widely used as mechanical amplifiers in actuators and generators. It
462-494: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Noble M600 The Noble M600 is a handbuilt English sports car manufactured by low volume automobile manufacturer Noble Automotive in Leicestershire . Construction of the car is of stainless steel and carbon fibre . The car uses a twin-turbocharged Volvo / Yamaha V8 engine . The M600 comes in three specifications,
495-422: Is generally used synonymously with natural frequency, there is in fact a distinction. While resonance can be achieved at the natural frequency, it can also be achieved at several other modes such as flexural modes. Therefore, the term resonant frequency encompasses all frequency bandwidths where some forms of resonance can be achieved; and this includes the natural frequency. All mechanical vibrating systems possess
528-477: Is governed by the Mathieu equation . The following is a damped Mathieu equation. where δ is the squared of the natural frequency and ε is the amplitude of the parametric excitation. The first order or the principal parametric resonance is achieved when the driving/excitation frequency is twice the natural frequency of a given system. Higher orders of parametric resonance are observed either at or at submultiples of
561-430: Is no power amplification. For instance a lever can amplify the displacement of a signal, but the force is proportionately reduced. Such devices are more correctly described as transformers , at least in the context of mechanical–electrical analogies . Transducers are devices that convert energy from one form to another, such as mechanical-to-electrical or vice versa ; and mechanical amplifiers are employed to improve
594-468: The M600, although some components are shared with Jaguar and Aston Martin models. The car is equipped with an adjustable steering column and driver's seat while the pedals are offset to the left. The pedals are adjusted according to the owner's preference in order to provide a good driving position. A highlight of the interior is the engine power control knob, similar to Ferrari 's Manettino dial , which allows
627-418: The amplitude of the vibration of the transducer at anti-node location." Resonance is the physical phenomenon where the amplitude of oscillation (output) exhibit a buildup over time when the frequency of the external forcing (input) is in the vicinity of a resonant frequency. The output thus achieved is generally larger than the input in terms of displacement, velocity or acceleration. Although resonant frequency
660-399: The buyer to choose from variable power outputs ranging from 450 hp (336 kW; 456 PS) (Road setting, 0.6 bar (8.7 psi) pressure), 550 hp (410 kW; 558 PS) (Track setting, 0.8 bar (12 psi)) and 650 hp (485 kW; 659 PS) (Race setting, 1 bar (15 psi)) through the use of a switch present on the dashboard. The engine also features
693-598: The car and this allows it to have a curb weight of 1,250 kg (2,756 lb), although when independently tested, the standard model weighed 1,305 kg (2,877 lb). The M600 uses a 4.4 L (4,414 cc) Yamaha -built Volvo B8444S 60º V8 engine which is also used in the Volvo XC90 and S80 . The engine used in the M600 is manufactured by Motorkraft in the US from B8444S crate engines with Garrett AiResearch twin-turbochargers equipped with variable boost. This allows
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#1732844903725726-683: The child-swing system, direct resonance can be achieved. Parametric resonance, on the other hand, is the child shifting his/her own weight with time (twice the frequency of the natural frequency) and building up the oscillatory amplitude of the swing without anyone helping to push. In other words, there is an internal transfer of energy (instead of simply dissipating all available energy) as the system parameter (child's weight) modulates and changes with time. Other means of signal enhancement, applicable to both mechanical and electrical domains, exist. This include chaos theory , stochastic resonance and many other nonlinear or vibrational phenomena. No new energy
759-525: The driver to choose from variable engine power outputs along with related turbo boost pressure (Road, Track and Race). The knob is present ahead of the gearshift knob on the dashboard. A traction control switch activates the limited traction control which is present to avoid oversteer. The interior is based on simplicity and is driver focused, inspired by the Ferrari F40 and due to this, it does away with climate control and modern infotainment systems. The car
792-414: The efficiency of this energy conversion from mechanical sources. Mechanical amplifiers can be broadly classified as resonating/oscillating amplifiers (such as diaphragms) or non-resonating/oscillating amplifiers (such as gear trains). Any mechanical body that is not infinitely rigid (infinite damping) can exhibit vibration upon experiencing an external forcing. Most vibrating elements can be represented by
825-400: The input amplitude. The amplitude of the resonant peak and the bandwidth of resonance is dependent on the damping conditions and is quantified by the dimensionless quantity Q factor . Higher resonant modes and resonant modes at different planes (transverse, lateral, rotational and flexural) are usually triggered at higher frequencies. The specific frequency vicinity of these modes depends on
858-440: The natural frequency. For direct resonance, the response frequency always matches the excitation frequency. However, regardless of which order of parametric resonance is activated, the response frequency of parametric resonance is always in the vicinity of the natural frequency. Parametric resonance has the ability to exhibit higher mechanical amplification than direct resonance when operating at favourable conditions, but usually has
891-416: The nature and boundary conditions of each mechanical system. Additionally, subharmonics, superharmonics or subsuperharmonics of each mode can also be excited at the right boundary conditions. “As a model for a detector we note that if you hang a weight on a spring and then move the upper end of the spring up and down, the amplitude of the weight will be much larger than the driving amplitude if you are at
924-511: The rear. The brakes are designed by Britain-based braking specialist Alcon. Owing to the driver focused nature of the car, there is no Anti-lock Braking System installed and the brakes have limited servo assistance . The interior of the car has twin hide upholstery and gloss carbon-fibre trim as standard. Buyers have the choice to choose from leather, suede, or alcantra upholstery along with trim choices of knurled wood or carbon fibre and wool carpeting. The switches and instrumentation are bespoke to
957-430: The resonant frequency of the mass and spring assembly. It is essentially a mechanical amplifier and serves as a good candidate for a sensitive detector." Parametric resonance is the physical phenomenon where an external excitation, at a specific frequency and typically orthogonal to the plane of displacement, introduces a periodic modulation in one of the system parameters resulting in a buildup in oscillatory amplitude. It
990-412: The rigid lever beam, F B is a force acting on point B on the rigid lever beam and a and b are the respective distances from points A and B to the pivot point. If F B is the output force and F A is the input force, then mechanical advantage MA is given by the ratio of output force to input force. Gear trains are usually formed by the meshing engagement of two or more gears on
1023-448: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M600&oldid=737846572 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
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1056-406: The standard; which uses a fibre glass body; the carbon sport which uses a carbon-fibre body and the Speedster which is basically a targa top version. The M600 is hand-built by a team of 20 workers at the company's Leicestershire facility. The M600 uses a steel backbone and aluminium chassis which is the same chassis used on the stillborn M15. The standard model uses carbon-fibre for vital body parts of
1089-733: Was driven two times on the British motoring show Top Gear . First in Series 14, Episode 5 by Jeremy Clarkson , who held a positive reception to the car. The car later set a time of 1:17.7 on the Top Gear test track, being driven by the show's racing driver the Stig , beating the Pagani Zonda F Roadster and the Bugatti Veyron . It appeared for a second time in Series 18, Episode 1 co-host Richard Hammond drove
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