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42-510: (Redirected from M-12 ) M12 or M-12 or M.12 may refer to: Automobiles [ edit ] BMW M12 , a turbo 1500 cc 10-cylinder turbocharged Formula One engine of the 1980s McLaren M12 , a racing car for the Can-Am series Noble M12 , a British sports car Vector M12 , an automobile made by Vector Supercars Aviation [ edit ] Beriev Be-12 , Soviet Naval Designation M-12,

84-543: A 12.7mm caliber anti-materiel rifle developed by Zastava Arms Roads [ edit ] M-12 (Michigan highway) , a former designation for part of U.S. Route 2 M12 motorway , in County Armagh, Northern Ireland M12 motorway (Great Britain) , a proposed but never built motorway in southern England M12 highway (Russia) M-12 motorway (Pakistan) still under construction in Punjab, Pakistan M12 (East London) ,

126-618: A Formula One engine was its lack of throttle response due to turbo lag. Unlike the V6 and V8 turbocharged engines which ran with twin turbos (one for each bank of cylinders), the inline-4 BMW engine, like the other four-cylinder turbo engines used in F1 such as the Hart 415T and the Zakspeed 1500/4 , only used a single turbocharger. The twin-turbo setups of the "V" engines eliminated much of the turbo lag. However, with only

168-749: A Metropolitan Route in East London, South Africa M12 (Cape Town) , a Metropolitan Route in Cape Town, South Africa M12 (Pretoria) , a Metropolitan Route in Pretoria, South Africa M12 (Durban) , a Metropolitan Route in Durban, South Africa M12 (Bloemfontein) , a Metropolitan Route in Bloemfontein, South Africa M12 (Port Elizabeth) , a Metropolitan Route in Port Elizabeth, South Africa M12 road (Zambia) ,

210-517: A Soviet amphibious aircraft Grigorovich M-12 , an improved version of the Grigorovich M-11, a Russian single-seat fighter flying boat designed by Dmitry Pavlovich Grigorovich Macchi M.12 , a flying boat bomber produced in small numbers in Italy in 1918 Miles M.12 Mohawk , a 1930s British two-seat, tandem cabin monoplane Military technology & weapons [ edit ] Beretta M12 ,

252-591: A deal to continue the use of the upright BMW engines under the name of its subsidiary Megatron, Inc., founded by long-time F1 aficionado John J. Schmidt. The engines were serviced from Switzerland by Arrows' long time engine guru Heini Mader , a former mechanic of Jo Siffert . Rebadged as Megatron, the BMW engines were used by the Arrows team for the 1987 and 1988 seasons, as well as Ligier in 1987. By 1988, Arrows were one of only six teams still running turbocharged engines, and

294-553: A property outside of Boulder called Rabbitbrush Ranch and an office space in Denver's Taxi Building. EbcoLab was the site of the collective's first Big Feed project in 2007, the collective returned to the rural west in 2008 for the second Big Feed at Rabbitbrush Ranch.   2011–2017 Between 2011 and 2017, The Feed Store social project served as a primary fieldwork site for M12. Located in Byers, Colorado, The Feed Store functioned as

336-528: A road in Zambia M12 road (Malawi) , a road in Malawi Highway M12 (Ukraine) , connecting Lviv Oblast to Central Ukraine Western Sydney Airport Motorway , route number M12, a proposed motorway in western Sydney, Australia Space [ edit ] Messier 12 , a globular cluster in the constellation Ophiuchus Progress M-12 , a Russian unmanned cargo spacecraft launched in 1992 to resupply

378-508: A single turbo, the BMW M12 suffered from approximately 2 seconds of turbo lag, meaning drivers often had to start accelerating through the apex of a corner. The power from the turbo was described by many (including Piquet and Berger) as coming on like a light switch which often induced sudden oversteer. Consequently, the BMW was usually seen at its most competitive at power circuits such as Kyalami , Imola , Paul Ricard , Silverstone , Hockenheim ,

420-540: A size of ISO metric screw thread M12 connector , a size of IEC metric screw sized electrical connector Mathieu group M 12 , in the mathematical field of group theory Magic 2012 , the thirteenth core set in Magic: The Gathering S-mount (CCTV lens) , a CCTV lens mount using a M12x0.5 thread M12, a difficulty grade in mixed climbing [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

462-577: A sub-machine gun by Italian designer Beretta Doppelpistole M.12 , a double-barrel submachine gun based on the Steyr M1912 semi-automatic pistol, developed by the Austrian firm Steyr Mannlicher Krupp 10.5 cm Haubitze M.12 , a German howitzer used by Romania in World War I M12 Gun Motor Carriage , an American self-propelled artillery model Winchester Model 1912 , a shotgun Zastava M12 Black Spear ,

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504-591: A variety of creative content and hosted 5 collaborative summits. The Feed Store also served as a central station for the University of Colorado Boulder's Art + Rural Environments Field School Program run by Field School Faculty Director and University of Colorado Boulder Professor Richard Saxton. The Art + Rural Environments Field School Program provided students with experience working in alternative art spaces and engaging with rural communities.       2018-2022 In 2018 M12 moved their base of operations to

546-625: A variety of exhibitions including The Breaking Ring, at the Center for Contemporary Arts, Santa Fe, NM; Going with the Flow, SITE Santa Fe , NM; The 13th International Venice Biennale of Architecture, Venice, Italy; The 21st International Art Biennial of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia; and Lone Prairie at the Corcoran Gallery of Art , Corcoran School of the Arts and Design ; among others. M12 has received

588-812: A wide variety of awards including from the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts ; The National Endowment for the Arts ; Colorado Creative Industries; The Gates Family Foundation ; The Indianapolis Community Foundation; and the Minneapolis Foundation, among others. M12 has exhibited at the 13th International Venice Architecture Biennale, The Kalmar Konstmuseum in Sweden, The Chicago Cultural Center, Franklin Street Works , Wormfarm Institute, The 2011 Australian Biennial (SPACED), The 2010 Biennial of

630-567: Is an American artist collective and non-profit organization that features an evolving group of artist practitioners, curators, designers, researchers, and writers. Now based in Colorado, the collective creates artworks, research projects, and education programs that explore rural cultures and landscapes. After meeting at Indiana University in 2000 the collective was initially formed as the municipalWORKSHOP in 2002 in York, Alabama by Richard Saxton when he

672-686: The 1982 Canadian Grand Prix . In 1983 , Brazilian driver Piquet won his second Formula One World Championship driving a Brabham BT52 powered exclusively by the M12, which by that year was producing approximately 850 bhp (630 kW) in qualifying trim and 640 bhp (480 kW) for the races. Piquet, who won the Brazilian , Italian and European Grands Prix that year, won the championship by just two points, ahead of Renault 's Alain Prost (Renault had pioneered turbocharging in F1 in 1977 , but would never win

714-701: The Österreichring and Monza. On tighter tracks such as street circuits like Monaco and Detroit which required greater acceleration and less top speed, the BMW-powered cars often lagged behind their major rivals. World Championships: 1 (Nelson Piquet in a Brabham in 1983 ) Wins: 9 (Piquet 7, Riccardo Patrese 1, Gerhard Berger 1) Pole positions: 15 (Piquet 12, Teo Fabi 2, Patrese 1) Fastest laps: 14 (Piquet 9, Patrese 2, Berger 2, Fabi 1) ( key ) (Results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap) * Ineligible for points. M12 (artist collective) M12 , aka M12 STUDIO,

756-821: The Americas , The Ewing Gallery of Art and Architecture at the University of Tennessee, The John Michael Kohler Arts Center, The Contemporary Museum in Baltimore, Wall House #2 in the Netherlands, The Irish Museum of Modern Art in Dublin; High Visibility: On Location in Rural American and Indian Country, Fargo, ND; The 21st International Art Biennial of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia; Sala Diaz, San Antonio, TX; The Santa Fe Art Institute, NM; The Des Moines Public Art Foundation, Des Moines, IA; Corcoran Gallery of Art , Corcoran School of

798-529: The Arts and Design in Washington DC; The Center for Contemporary Arts, Santa Fe, NM; IASKA Australian Biennial, Perth, Australia; Biennial of the Americas , Denver, CO; The Kohler Arts Center, WI; The Contemporary Museum, Baltimore, MD; and The Center for Land Use Interpretation , Culver City, CA / Wendover, NV; among others. municipalWORKSHOP (2002-2007) The municipalWORKSHOP was created in 2002 by artist Richard Saxton based on an effort to experiment with

840-663: The Changing West," the Whitechapel Gallery's 2019 anthology "Documents of Contemporary Art: The Rural " featuring Kirsten Stoltz's essay "A Country Social: M12 on the American High Plains," the 2014 publication "A Decade of Country Hits: Art on the Rural Frontier," as well as Josh Garrett-Davis' 2019 book "What is a Western?" and many more books, publications, and recordings. The artist collective has been featured in

882-648: The Conejos Fieldwork Site at Rancho la Florida in Conejos County, Colorado. During the collective's tenure in Conejos County, M12 executed the M12 Studio Landlines Initiative to stimulate collaborative projects with visiting artists, researchers, writers, farmers, ranchers, and landowners in Colorado's San Luis Valley. The Conejos Fieldwork Site provided studio infrastructure for M12, visiting project contributors, and collegiate students within

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924-434: The M12 office, studio, workshop, and an experimental space for rural cultural activities hosting upwards of 200 artists, writers, researchers, and students during operation. The store served as a transcultural connection point between artists and the regional rural residents around Byers, CO hosting more than 20 exhibitions, performances, readings, and over 15 on-site projects. During their tenure at The Feed Store, M12 produced

966-514: The Megatrons were the oldest turbo engine still in use in Formula One, Ferrari having introduced a brand-new turbo engine the previous year . The Megatron programme ended after 1988 as a result of rule changes that banned turbocharged engines from 1989 onwards, with Eddie Cheever scoring the old BMW engine's last podium finish with third place in the 1988 Italian Grand Prix at Monza . This race

1008-652: The Mir space station Progress M-12M , an unmanned Progress spacecraft that was lost in a launch failure in August 2011 Other [ edit ] M12 (artist collective) , a Colorado-based artist collective M12 (Istanbul Metro) , a rail line under construction in Istanbul, Turkey M12 (New York City bus) , a New York City Bus route in Manhattan M12 (venture capital) , a venture capital subsidiary of Microsoft M12 bolt ,

1050-723: The Museum of Art and Archaeology at the University of Missouri; Todd Bockley, now Director of the Bockley Gallery in Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Richard Saxton, now Associate Professor of Sculpture & Post-Studio Practice at the University of Colorado Boulder, incorporated M12 as a nonprofit in the collective's project space EbcoLab in Wisconsin. The collective then shifted its base of operations to Colorado where multiple properties would serve as base of operations between 2007 and 2011 including

1092-504: The World Championship in the original turbo era (1977-1988)). Piquet was the first driver to win a World Championship in a turbo-powered car. The main advantage of the inline-four M12 over its V6 Ferrari and Renault opposition was that, with one fewer turbo, two fewer cylinders, and eight fewer valves, the BMW engine had lower frictional losses and, therefore, produced less waste heat. This allowed Brahbam's lead designer Gordon Murray

1134-403: The all-conquering McLaren - Hondas into which designer Steve Nichols had effectively incorporated elements of Gordon Murray's low-line Brabham design as well as featuring a more powerful V6 engine . With turbos banned from the 1989 season, the Arrows team reverted to using 3,499 cc (213.5 cu in), naturally aspirated Ford DFR V8 power plants. The M12's major shortcoming as

1176-498: The beginning, it rendered the normally-aspirated engines in the two-litre category useless. After some development, power, driveability, and reliability improved, especially in the IMSA car, and BMW began to think about entering F1, where a handicap factor of 2.0 required 1,500 cc engines. During the 1982 season, the Brabham team, then owned by future F1 boss Bernie Ecclestone , used both

1218-458: The concept of a "rural renaissance" within the small town of York, Alabama. This art laboratory aimed to work with municipalities and communities to develop more creative approaches to living in rural America. The organization's first project was called Utility Now! , a series of pedal-powered street-sweepers and utility tricycles and bicycles for city crews to better maintain York. From 2002 to 2007,

1260-686: The engine design since the 1960s became one of the most successful in racing. Starting with the European Touring Car Championship , it was also used in Formula 2 , expanded to two-litre and fitted with four-valve heads, producing over 300 hp (224 kW). In the Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft , a 1,400 cc variant (with a 1.4 handicap factor equal to 2,000 cc) was turbocharged by Paul Rosche according to FIA Group 5 rules. At well over 350 hp (261 kW) from

1302-402: The engineers' theoretical calculations; for example, 0.1 bar of turbo boost was rated to be worth approximately 20 hp (15 kW)). During the 1986 Italian Grand Prix at Monza , Gerhard Berger 's BMW-powered Benetton B186 recorded the highest straight line speed by a turbocharged Formula One car when he was timed at 352.22 km/h (219 mph). In fact, the top five cars through

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1344-466: The leading BMW users in 1986, with Berger scoring his and the team's first (and the BMW engine's last) win at the Mexican Grand Prix . BMW announced their withdrawal from F1 at the end of 1986, but that they would continue to honour their contract and supply, Brabham, with their tilted M12s for 1987. Arrows team boss Jackie Oliver , with support from the team's primary sponsor USF&G , brokered

1386-504: The luxury of designing the BT52 with smaller radiators, which meant better aerodynamic efficiency and thus better straight-line speed. The BT52 was notable for its very skinny, short sidepods, especially compared to the Renault, giving it better penetration through the air on circuits with long straights. 1984 and 1985 , by contrast, were lean years for the M12. The engine was generally regarded as

1428-425: The most powerful in F1 at the time, producing approximately 1,100 hp (820 kW) in qualifying trim by 1985, and Piquet took nine pole positions in 1984 alone. However, the engine's mechanical reliability and durability under full workload suffered severely, with engine blow-ups and turbo failures becoming common occurrences. Furthermore, with FISA imposing a maximum fuel limit of 220 litres per race (refuelling

1470-928: The municipalWORKSHOP created public art projects with local communities throughout the United States. Projects range from a Music Integrated Kiosk Environment (M.I.K.E.) produced for the John Michael Kohler Arts Center in Sheboygan, Wisconsin to the AutoTour Vehicle built for the Center for Land Use Interpretation in Wendover, Utah. In 2007, the collective formalized as M12, and expanded its reach to communities in Europe, South America, and Australia. 2007-2011 After formalizing in 2007, Daniel Eck, now Museum Director of

1512-483: The older Cosworth DFV V8 engine as well as the turbocharged BMW M12 in selected races in a development program. The BMW proved to be fast in its first year in Formula One, though its reliability, with turbocharging still in its infancy, was lacking. Reigning World Champion Nelson Piquet recorded the first win for the engine in F1 when he led home Brabham teammate Riccardo Patrese (in the Cosworth-powered car) at

1554-509: The same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M12&oldid=1239343509 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages BMW M12 As BMW M12/7,

1596-475: The speed trap at Monza (Berger and teammate Teo Fabi , Brabham's Derek Warwick and Riccardo Patrese , and the Arrows of Thierry Boutsen ) were all powered by the BMW M12. Brabham tilted the upgraded engine sideways by 72° for use in the extremely low BT55 , but the concept proved unsuccessful, most likely due to cooling issues in the tight compartment. Instead, Benetton , with the more conventional B186 , were

1638-628: Was allowed in 1982 and 1983), the four-cylinder BMW suffered from high fuel consumption which often led to drivers running out of fuel, and continued to suffer from poor reliability. Consequently, Piquet scored only three wins - the 1984 Canadian and Detroit races, and the 1985 French Grand Prix . These proved to be Brabham's final wins in Formula 1. For 1986 , the M12 was upgraded into the M12/13/1. ( Bore 89.2 mm X Stroke 60 mm) 374.95 cc and 350 PS per cylinder 933.46 PS/litre. This version

1680-504: Was also significant as it marked the first time Heini Mader had solved the problems caused by the FIA 's boost limit valve, which limited turbo boost pressure to 4.0 bar in 1987 and 2.5 bar in 1988. By moving the valve closer to the engine, the problem of the turbo not delivering enough boost had been solved, and the Arrows A10 B was among the fastest cars on the long Monza straights, faster even than

1722-494: Was an artist-in-residence at the Rural Studio , an architecture studio run by Auburn University . The group evolved into M12 in 2007 when it became incorporated as a non-profit organization. The evolving group of core members have created over 35 projects since the collective's founding. M12 has been featured in numerous publications including Lucy Lippard 's 2014 book "Undermining: A Wild Ride Through Land Use, Politics, and Art in

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1764-424: Was claimed to have produced a maximum output of 1,400 hp (1,044 kW) at 11,000 rpm, and about 850–930 lb⋅ft (1,152–1,261 N⋅m) of torque in qualifying trim, which would make it the most powerful engine ever to race in Formula 1, turbocharged or otherwise. At the time, there was no way to accurately measure horsepower figures over 1,000, and so claimed output figures were generally accepted from

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