180-578: Lynnwood is a city in Snohomish County, Washington , United States. The city is part of the Seattle metropolitan area and is located 16 miles (26 km) north of Seattle and 13 miles (21 km) south of Everett , near the junction of Interstate 5 and Interstate 405 . It is the fourth-largest city in Snohomish County, with a population of 38,568 in the 2020 U.S. census . Often characterized as
360-626: A deflationary spiral started in 1931. Farmers faced a worse outlook; declining crop prices and a Great Plains drought crippled their economic outlook. At its peak, the Great Depression saw nearly 10% of all Great Plains farms change hands despite federal assistance. At first, the decline in the U.S. economy was the factor that triggered economic downturns in most other countries due to a decline in trade, capital movement, and global business confidence. Then, internal weaknesses or strengths in each country made conditions worse or better. For example,
540-681: A major homeport in Everett that opened in 1994. Snohomish County is part of the Puget Sound region of Western Washington , bordered to the south by King County , to the west by Puget Sound and other inland waters, to the north by Skagit County , and to the east by the Chelan County at the crest of the Cascade Range . According to the United States Census Bureau , the county has
720-622: A mayor–council government , with a full-time mayor and city council elected by residents. The mayor serves a four-year term, with no term limits , and is joined in the Executive Department by an Executive Assistant and Assistant City Administrator. Former city councilmember Christine Frizzell was elected mayor in 2021, succeeding two-term mayor Nicola Smith. The Lynnwood city council is composed of seven residents who are elected in at-large , non-partisan elections to four-year terms that are staggered every two years. The council also appoints
900-503: A ride-hailing service, Zip, in 2022 to serve areas in Lynnwood and Alderwood. Sound Transit operates the regional Link light rail system, which was extended to Lynnwood Transit Center on August 30, 2024. The 1 Line connects Lynnwood to Downtown Seattle and Seattle–Tacoma International Airport ; the 2 Line is scheduled to reach Lynnwood in 2026 and add connections to Bellevue and Redmond . The light rail station also serves as
1080-506: A serial rape case , was the subject of " An Unbelievable Story of Rape ", an article published by ProPublica and the Marshall Project and the winner of a Pulitzer Prize . It was adapted into the true crime miniseries Unbelievable for Netflix in 2019. Between 2008 and 2012, Lynnwood police had labeled 21 percent of rape cases as "unfounded", five times the national average for similarly sized municipalities. The victim, known as "Marie",
1260-418: A silver standard , almost avoided the depression entirely. The connection between leaving the gold standard as a strong predictor of that country's severity of its depression and the length of time of its recovery has been shown to be consistent for dozens of countries, including developing countries . This partly explains why the experience and length of the depression differed between regions and states around
1440-506: A suburb or bedroom community , Lynnwood has the highest concentration of retailers in the region and a growing core of businesses, anchored by the Alderwood Mall . The city also has a community college , a convention center , and a major transit center . It is headquarters for several major companies, including Zumiez . The Lynnwood area was logged and settled by homesteaders in the late 19th century and early 20th century, including
1620-442: A term limit of three terms. The county executive is Dave Somers , a Democrat . Somers is a former Snohomish County Councilmember and took office as county executive on January 4, 2016, having won the seat from incumbent and fellow Democrat John Lovick. The county executive seat was chartered in the 1979. The first county executive was conservative Democrat Willis Tucker of Snohomish from 1980 to 1992. Following Tucker,
1800-428: A 300-acre (120 ha) area between Lynnwood Transit Center and Alderwood Mall into a central business district. Development of the city center began in 2015, with the construction of two apartment buildings and a hotel located near the convention center. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city of Lynnwood has a total area of 7.86 square miles (20.36 km), of which 7.84 square miles (20.31 km)
1980-524: A 7,860-square-foot (730 m) building at the civic center that opened on February 22. Amid increasing traffic from Lynnwood's growing population, the library building was expanded in 1984 to 14,000 square feet (1,300 m), then expanded again in 1999 to 26,000 square feet (2,400 m). Lynnwood residents voted in 2006 to be annexed into the Sno-Isle Libraries district, also approving an expansion and modernization that took place in 2013. The library
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#17328514538472160-581: A Republican since George H. W. Bush in 1988 . The county's primary elections were historically held in June, but were moved to August in 2008. In the years since, turnout has been under 45% except for 2020; during odd-numbered years with municipal and local races, turnout has been under 27%. Snohomish County is one of the most-populous counties in the United States without a four-year, baccalaureate degree -granting institution. Columbia College offers AA all
2340-474: A city manager to oversee city operations. The council's meetings are held twice per month in a chamber at Lynnwood's city hall. According to the Washington State Auditor , Lynnwood's municipal government employs 373 people full-time and operates on a biennial budget of $ 197.5 million. It collects revenue from various sources, including property taxes , business taxes , and sales taxes . As of 2024,
2520-412: A committee to study incorporating Lynnwood as a city was formed, proposing an area of 6.7 square miles (17 km) and population of 10,744 for the new city. A petition to incorporate was signed by 600 voters and submitted early the following year, proposing a 6-square-mile (16 km) city; during the early months of 1958, several property owners asked to be removed from the proposal over disinterest in
2700-433: A family was $ 77,479. Males had a median income of $ 56,152 versus $ 41,621 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 30,635. About 5.9% of families and 8.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 10.8% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2000 census , there were 606,024 people, 224,852 households, and 157,846 families residing in the county. The population density
2880-588: A former privately run bank, bearing no relation to the U.S. government (not to be confused with the Federal Reserve ). Unable to pay out to all of its creditors, the bank failed. Among the 608 American banks that closed in November and December 1930, the Bank of United States accounted for a third of the total $ 550 million deposits lost and, with its closure, bank failures reached a critical mass. In an initial response to
3060-471: A former schoolhouse built in 1917. Both buildings are located near the city center southwest of Alderwood Mall. Notable people from Lynnwood include: Lynnwood is located at the northern junction of Interstate 5 and Interstate 405 , the two primary north–south freeways in the Seattle metropolitan area . Interstate 5 continues south to Downtown Seattle , and north to Everett and Vancouver, British Columbia ; Interstate 405 continues south to Bellevue and
3240-670: A geographical district that is redrawn every 10 years. As of 2023 , its members are: The judicial branch of the county government is divided between two courts: the Superior Court and District Court. The number of judges in each court is set by the state legislature as recommended by a panel of judges and analysis of the courts. The Superior Court has 17 judges elected to four-year terms and primarily handle major cases, including those that involve felonies and juveniles, as well as some civil cases. The District Court has nine judges that handle infractions, small claims, and domestic violence; it
3420-459: A greater reduction in credit. On 5 April 1933, President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 6102 making the private ownership of gold certificates , coins and bullion illegal, reducing the pressure on Federal Reserve gold. British economist John Maynard Keynes argued in The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money that lower aggregate expenditures in the economy contributed to
3600-588: A highway expansion, moving them to a new, city-owned park. The $ 1.8 million Heritage Park, opened in 2004, includes the Tudor-style , timber-framed Wickers Building, originally built in 1919; a cottage built for the Alderwood Manor superintendent in 1917; and a restored Interurban trolley car. The city has two other buildings determined to be eligible for a NRHP listing: the Masonic Temple, built in 1921; and
3780-572: A major regional bus hub with commuter bus service from across Snohomish County truncated at Lynnwood Transit Center. Sound Transit also operates express buses from Lynnwood Transit Center and Ash Way Park and Ride to Seattle and Bellevue; the Lynnwood–Bellevue service is planned to be replaced with a Stride bus rapid transit line by 2028. Link service is planned to be extended north to Downtown Everett, via Ash Way and Paine Field , by 2037 or 2041 depending on funding. Electric power in Lynnwood
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#17328514538473960-596: A modern industrial city handled shortages of money and resources. Often they updated strategies their mothers used when they were growing up in poor families. Cheap foods were used, such as soups, beans and noodles. They purchased the cheapest cuts of meat—sometimes even horse meat—and recycled the Sunday roast into sandwiches and soups. They sewed and patched clothing, traded with their neighbors for outgrown items, and made do with colder homes. New furniture and appliances were postponed until better days. Many women also worked outside
4140-402: A monetary contraction first-hand were forced to join the deflationary policy since higher interest rates in countries that performed a deflationary policy led to a gold outflow in countries with lower interest rates. Under the gold standard's price–specie flow mechanism , countries that lost gold but nevertheless wanted to maintain the gold standard had to permit their money supply to decrease and
4320-546: A municipal system serving the city of Everett; Island Transit , which connects Camano Island to Stanwood and Everett; and Skagit Transit , which operates an inter-county route from Everett to Mount Vernon . The regional Link light rail system was extended into Snohomish County with the opening of the Lynnwood Link Extension on August 30, 2024, which includes stations in Mountlake Terrace and Lynnwood on
4500-600: A new campus a mile (1.6 km) east on North Road in northern Bothell . Lynnwood is also home to two post-secondary educational institutions. Edmonds College , established in 1967, offers two-year degree programs and other services. It enrolls an average of 11,100 students per quarter. Central Washington University offers four-year bachelor's degrees in select programs at its Lynnwood campus , which it has shared with Edmonds College since 1975. Lynnwood also has several private schools , both religious and secular, including The Soundview School , St, Thomas More Parish, and
4680-414: A police station, a municipal courthouse , and an indoor recreation center. The opening of Interstate 5 in 1965 moved the commercial center of Lynnwood east towards Alderwood Manor, which culminated in the proposed construction of a large shopping center in 1968. The 130-acre (53 ha) shopping center, named Alderwood Mall and developed by Allied Stores , was put on hold during the local recession of
4860-559: A repurposed home adjacent to the city hall; the city contracted services to the Snohomish County Library district, which became Sno-Isle Libraries two years later when it merged with its Island County counterpart. The library moved in June 1963 to a 1,600-square-foot (150 m) space at the Thomas Center strip mall on 196th Street Southwest to accommodate an expansion of the city hall. The library relocated again in 1971 to
5040-549: A retail and office district. Prior to contact with American settlers, the Snohomish tribe of Native Americans used the area of modern-day Lynnwood for summertime activities, including hunting, fishing, berry gathering and root cultivation. The Snohomish were relocated to the Tulalip reservation, near modern-day Marysville , after the signing of the Treaty of Point Elliott in 1855, opening
5220-563: A serious issue in the 1930s. Support for increasing welfare programs during the depression included a focus on women in the family. The Conseil Supérieur de la Natalité campaigned for provisions enacted in the Code de la Famille (1939) that increased state assistance to families with children and required employers to protect the jobs of fathers, even if they were immigrants. In rural and small-town areas, women expanded their operation of vegetable gardens to include as much food production as possible. In
5400-474: A small cadre of Labour, but the vast majority of Labour leaders denounced MacDonald as a traitor for leading the new government. Britain went off the gold standard , and suffered relatively less than other major countries in the Great Depression. In the 1931 British election, the Labour Party was virtually destroyed, leaving MacDonald as prime minister for a largely Conservative coalition. In most countries of
5580-699: A standstill agreement froze Germany's foreign liabilities for six months. Germany received emergency funding from private banks in New York as well as the Bank of International Settlements and the Bank of England. The funding only slowed the process. Industrial failures began in Germany, a major bank closed in July and a two-day holiday for all German banks was declared. Business failures were more frequent in July, and spread to Romania and Hungary. The crisis continued to get worse in Germany, bringing political upheaval that finally led to
Lynnwood, Washington - Misplaced Pages Continue
5760-500: A total square area of approximately 2,196 square miles (5,690 km ), of which 2,087 square miles (5,410 km ) is land and 109 square miles (280 km ), or 5.0%, is water. It is the 13th largest county in Washington by land area and is larger than the states of Delaware and Rhode Island . The county's surface is covered by plains and rolling hills in the west, where the majority of settlements are, and mountainous terrain in
5940-522: A two-year degree online or on campus from Edmonds College, students can continue their studies for a bachelor's degree from Central Washington University-Lynnwood in Snoqualmie Hall, a shared building on the Edmonds CC campus. Residents receive much of their information from Seattle-based media, the most prominent of which include The Seattle Times and regional TV news stations. The Everett Herald
6120-518: A water park, and a senior center . Central Lynnwood has two major parks: the Scriber Lake nature reserve; and Wilcox Park, the first park in the city, established in 1962. The city government also organizes several regular community events, including the annual Fair on 44th block party , movie screenings, and Shakespeare in the Park . From 1958 to 2012, Lynnwood and southern Snohomish County were served by
6300-501: A weekly newspaper, The Enterprise . The newspaper was acquired by The Everett Herald in 1996 and renamed to The Weekly Herald in 2011. The Weekly Herald published its final issue on August 29, 2012, due to revenue issues. The city is home to Lynnwood Today , a local blog that was established in March 2010 and was affiliated with The Seattle Times ; it was acquired by My Edmonds News , which also owns MLTnews , in 2013. Lynnwood
6480-642: Is a consensus that the Federal Reserve System should have cut short the process of monetary deflation and banking collapse, by expanding the money supply and acting as lender of last resort . If they had done this, the economic downturn would have been far less severe and much shorter. Modern mainstream economists see the reasons in Insufficient spending, the money supply reduction, and debt on margin led to falling prices and further bankruptcies ( Irving Fisher 's debt deflation). The monetarist explanation
6660-563: Is also a major job center for Snohomish County, with approximately 24,767 jobs in 2012, but only seven percent of workers in Lynnwood live within the city limits. Over 52 percent of workers in Lynnwood reside within Snohomish County, while 9 percent reside in Seattle. The largest industry in Lynnwood is the services sector, with approximately 45 percent of workers, followed by retail (28%) and education (8%). The retail sector, centered around Alderwood Mall, employs 7,000 people and generates 50 percent of
6840-613: Is also used for the Snohomish River , which runs through part of the county, and the City of Snohomish , the former county seat that was renamed after the formation of the county. The current spelling of the name was adopted by the Surveyor General of Washington Territory in 1857, with earlier documents and accounts using alternative spellings. John Work of the Hudson's Bay Company recorded
7020-567: Is classified as forestland, which is predominantly located in the eastern portions. These forests are dominated by conifer species such as Douglas firs , hemlocks , and cedars , with pockets of deciduous species in logged areas. As of the 2020 census , there were 827,957 people, 306,828 households, and 211,519 families residing in the county. The population density was 396.8 people per square mile (153.2 people/km ). There were 321,523 housing units at an average density of 146.4 units per square mile (56.5 units/km ). The racial makeup of
7200-465: Is discharged into Puget Sound . The water district serves the unincorporated areas around Lynnwood and also operates Well Number 5 , an artesian well in North Lynnwood that has gained popularity for its quality. The city contracts with Republic Services and Waste Management for garbage , recycling , and yard waste disposal. Lynnwood does not have any general hospitals , but is located near
7380-449: Is divided into four geographical divisions. Snohomish County has been a reliably Democratic county in recent presidential elections (albeit to a lesser degree than neighboring King County and Seattle ). It has voted Democratic all but four times since 1932, with those four occasions being national Republican landslides in which the GOP candidate won over 400 electoral votes. It has not voted for
Lynnwood, Washington - Misplaced Pages Continue
7560-548: Is heavily influenced by maritime systems, pushed by prevailing westerly winds but dampened by the Olympic Mountains . The mean monthly temperatures for the county range from 20 to 40 °F (−7 to 4 °C) during the winter and 55 to 65 °F (13 to 18 °C) in the summer. The record highest temperatures were set during a June 2021 heat wave , with highs of up to 109 °F (43 °C) recorded in several areas. Annual precipitation ranges from 35 inches (89 cm) in
7740-577: Is land and 0.02 square miles (0.05 km) is water. The city is in the southwestern part of Snohomish County in Western Washington , and is considered part of the Seattle metropolitan area . It is at the junction of Interstate 5 and Interstate 405 , approximately 16 miles (26 km) north of Seattle , 19 miles (31 km) northwest of Bellevue , and 13 miles (21 km) south of Everett . Lynnwood's city limits are roughly defined to south by Mountlake Terrace at 212th Street Southwest and
7920-472: Is led by a five-member county council and chief executive elected by voters to four-year terms. "Snohomish" comes from the name of the largest Native American tribe in the area when settlers arrived in the 19th century. The name is spelled Sduhubš (Sdoh-doh-hohbsh) in the Lushootseed language and has a disputed meaning with unclear origins. Indian agent Dr. Charles M. Buchanan, who spent 21 years with
8100-458: Is part of the Seattle–Tacoma media market, and is served by Seattle-based media outlets including The Seattle Times ; broadcast television stations KOMO-TV , KING-TV , KIRO-TV , and KCPQ-TV ; and various radio stations. Non-commercial radio station KSER was based in Lynnwood from 1991 to 1994, when it moved to Everett. Lynnwood opened its municipal public library on October 1, 1960, in
8280-1119: Is provided by Amtrak , which has two lines operating within Snohomish County: Amtrak Cascades between Seattle and Vancouver , British Columbia , stopping in Edmonds, Everett, and Stanwood station ; and the Empire Builder between Seattle and Chicago , Illinois , stopping in Edmonds and Everett. Intercity bus service is provided by Greyhound Lines and Northwestern Trailways from Everett Station. Snohomish County has one major airport: Paine Field , otherwise known as Snohomish County Airport, which has had passenger service since March 2019. There are three smaller public airports that are open to general aviation : Arlington Municipal Airport in Arlington , Darrington Municipal Airport in Darrington , and Harvey Field in Snohomish . The county also has several private airports, including
8460-765: Is provided by the Snohomish County Public Utility District (PUD), a consumer-owned public utility that serves all of Snohomish County. Puget Sound Energy provides natural gas service to the city; Lynnwood is also the terminus of a minor gas pipeline operated by the Northwest Pipeline Company. The Alderwood Water and Wastewater District provides municipal tap water service for Lynnwood, sourced from Everett's Spada Lake Reservoir. The City of Lynnwood handles sanitary sewer and wastewater treatment ; its wastewater treatment plant treats 5 million gallons per day (19,000 m) that
8640-638: Is served by several public transit systems that connect to each other at regional hubs, including Everett Station and Lynnwood Transit Center . The primary provider is Community Transit , which operates local service within the county (apart from the city of Everett ) and commuter service to the Boeing Everett Factory and Downtown Seattle . Sound Transit , a regional transit agency, provides light rail , commuter rail , and express bus services that connect to regional destinations in Seattle and Bellevue . Other providers include Everett Transit ,
8820-493: Is supported by the contrast in how the crisis progressed in, e.g., Britain, Argentina and Brazil, all of which devalued their currencies early and returned to normal patterns of growth relatively rapidly and countries which stuck to the gold standard , such as France or Belgium. Frantic attempts by individual countries to shore up their economies through protectionist policies – such as the 1930 U.S. Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act and retaliatory tariffs in other countries – exacerbated
9000-470: Is the county's most popular daily newspaper, while weekly newspapers such as the Snohomish County Tribune , Stanwood Camano News and Edmonds Beacon serve their respective communities. The county is part of the Seattle broadcast television market and is served by several regional television news stations, including KOMO , KING , KIRO , KCTS , and KCPQ . Local radio stations based in
9180-629: Is the legislatively appointed leader of the University Center of North Puget Sound , which offers 25 bachelor's and master's degrees through Western Washington University, Washington State University, Central Washington University, Eastern Washington University, The Evergreen State College, Hope International University, and the University of Washington Bothell. Edmonds College and Central Washington University have worked together since 1975 to provide higher education in Snohomish County. After earning
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#17328514538479360-658: Is the most-visited in the Sno-Isle system, with 504,000 annual visits as of 2012. Lynnwood has one property listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP): Keeler's Korner, an automobile service station built in 1927 on Highway 99 at 164th Street Southwest. The Alderwood Manor Heritage Association was formed in 1991 after the demolition of the oldest home in Alderwood Manor, located east of Lynnwood city limits. The preservation group succeeded in saving other early 20th century homes that were slated for demolition during
9540-514: The 1 Line . The project was approved in a 2008 ballot measure and began construction in 2019. An extension to Everett with six or seven stations was approved in the regional Sound Transit 3 ballot measure in 2016 and is expected to open between 2037 and 2041. Community Transit operates a bus rapid transit network called Swift with three lines as of 2024 : the Blue Line , which opened in 2009 from Everett to Shoreline along State Route 99;
9720-523: The 1932 election , Hoover was defeated by Franklin D. Roosevelt , who from 1933 pursued a series of " New Deal " policies and programs to provide relief and create jobs, including the Civilian Conservation Corps , Federal Emergency Relief Administration , Tennessee Valley Authority , and Works Progress Administration . Historians disagree on the effects of the New Deal, with some claiming that
9900-479: The 1970 census . From 1970 to 1990, the city's population nearly doubled, fueled by annexations and suburban development. During this period, Lynnwood gained a significant population of Asian Americans , primarily of Korean and Vietnamese origin, eventually growing to 14 percent of the city's population by 2000. The estimated population of Lynnwood was 36,420 in 2015, with an additional 28,973 people living outside city limits in Lynnwood's urban growth area. By 2035,
10080-703: The Boeing assembly plant near Paine Field in Everett, Downtown Bellevue , and the Microsoft Redmond Campus employ the majority of Lynnwood workers. The average one-way commute for Lynnwood workers in 2015 was approximately 30 minutes; 69 percent of workers drove alone to their workplace, while 12 percent carpooled , and 10 percent used public transit . The largest industry of employment for Lynnwood workers are educational services and health care, with approximately 23 percent, followed by retail (15%), food services (13%), and professional services (12%). Lynnwood
10260-734: The Civilian Conservation Corps developed wilderness and recreational areas around several work camps. During World War II , the county had several shipyards and airplane factories established to supply the United States Armed Forces. Several existing and new airfields were converted into military use, which would continue beyond the war. A post-war population boom brought new suburban development to Snohomish County, where bedroom communities were built alongside new highways to Seattle. In 1967, Boeing began construction of an aircraft assembly plant —the world's largest building—in Everett for its Boeing 747 program. The U.S. Navy located
10440-460: The Eastside , and north to Mukilteo as State Route 525 . Lynnwood has two additional state highways: State Route 99 , running north to Everett and south to Seattle; and State Route 524 , connecting to Edmonds in the west as 196th Street Southwest. Public transportation in Lynnwood is provided by Community Transit , which serves most of Snohomish County, and Sound Transit , the regional system for
10620-910: The Frontier Airpark and Green Valley Airfield in Granite Falls. The Martha Lake Airport in Martha Lake was a former private airport that was closed in 2000 and was converted into a county park that opened in 2010. Snohomish County is also connected to adjacent counties by two ferry routes operated by Washington State Ferries . The Edmonds–Kingston ferry carries SR 104 between Edmonds and Kingston in Kitsap County . The Mukilteo–Clinton ferry carries SR 525 from Mukilteo to Clinton on Whidbey Island . 48°02′N 121°43′W / 48.04°N 121.71°W / 48.04; -121.71 Great Depression The Great Depression
10800-712: The Green Line from the Boeing Everett Factory to Bothell via Airport Road and State Route 527 ; and the Orange Line in Lynnwood and Mill Creek, which opened in 2024. A fourth line, the Gold Line , is planned to open by 2029 and connect Everett to Marysville and Smokey Point . Sound Transit also runs four daily Sounder commuter trains at peak hours between Everett Station and King Street Station in Seattle, stopping at Mukilteo and Edmonds . Intercity rail service
10980-514: The Interurban Trail ; to the west by Edmonds along 76th Avenue West and Olympic View Drive; to the north by the unincorporated Picnic Point-North Lynnwood area, near 164th Street Southwest; and to the east and south by the unincorporated Alderwood Manor , along State Route 525 and Interstate 5. The city's urban growth area (UGA) includes Alderwood Manor and part of North Lynnwood, extending east to Locust Way and Mill Creek , and north to
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#173285145384711160-471: The Mukilteo UGA at 148th Street Southwest. Lynnwood is situated 300 to 600 feet (91 to 183 m) on a plateau above Puget Sound , which lies to the city's west, and consists of several hills and valleys. The city has eighteen identified drainage basins , most of which drain into Swamp Creek or Puget Sound via Lund's Gulch. Other natural features within Lynnwood include Scriber Lake and Hall Lake. One of
11340-565: The New York Bank of United States – which produced panic and widespread runs on local banks, and the Federal Reserve sat idly by while banks collapsed. Friedman and Schwartz argued that, if the Fed had provided emergency lending to these key banks, or simply bought government bonds on the open market to provide liquidity and increase the quantity of money after the key banks fell, all the rest of
11520-621: The Salish Sea , including the Stillaguamish and Snohomish (fed by the Skykomish and Snoqualmie rivers). These rivers form several valleys used for agriculture that occasionally flood during major weather events, such as atmospheric rivers . The lowland areas of western Snohomish County generally has a temperate Mediterranean climate similar to the rest of the central Puget Sound region with dry summers and wet winters. The county's weather
11700-401: The Salish Sea , is home to the majority of its population and major cities. The eastern portion is rugged and includes portions of the Cascade Range , with few settlements along major rivers and most of it designated as part of Mount Baker–Snoqualmie National Forest . Snohomish County is bound to the north by Skagit County , to the east by Chelan County , to the south by King County , and to
11880-521: The Tulalips , once said that he had "never met an Indian who could give a meaning to the word Snohomish". Chief William Shelton , the last hereditary tribal chief of the Snohomish tribe, claimed that it meant "lowland people", a name associated with the tribe's location on the waters of the Puget Sound ; other scholars have claimed "a style of union among them", "the braves", or "Sleeping Waters". The name
12060-480: The U.S. state of Washington . With a population of 827,957 as of the 2020 census , it is the third-most populous county in Washington, after nearby King and Pierce counties, and the 72nd-most populous in the United States. The county seat and largest city is Everett . The county forms part of the Seattle metropolitan area , which also includes King and Pierce counties to the south. The county's western portion, facing Puget Sound and other inland waters of
12240-525: The coming to power of Hitler's Nazi regime in January 1933. The world financial crisis now began to overwhelm Britain; investors around the world started withdrawing their gold from London at the rate of £2.5 million per day. Credits of £25 million each from the Bank of France and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and an issue of £15 million fiduciary note slowed, but did not reverse,
12420-446: The planned community of " Alderwood Manor " in 1917 and marketed the area to urban dwellers wishing to build farms in the countryside. Alderwood Manor, located near an Interurban station, gained streets named for tree species and was divided into 5-to-10-acre (2.0 to 4.0 ha) plots that sold for $ 200 per acre. A 30-acre (12 ha) "demonstration farm" was built to educate new residents on raising crops and chickens, as well as market
12600-425: The right of way of Interstate 5 , a freeway to be built through Alderwood Manor, into the Lynnwood area at the behest of the county government. Realtor Jack Bennett was elected the city's first mayor, and the city council first met on April 20. The city charter was approved by the county commissioners on April 23, 1959, marking Lynnwood's official incorporation as a third-class city. Two years after incorporation,
12780-447: The 1937 recession that interrupted it). The common view among most economists is that Roosevelt's New Deal policies either caused or accelerated the recovery, although his policies were never aggressive enough to bring the economy completely out of recession. Some economists have also called attention to the positive effects from expectations of reflation and rising nominal interest rates that Roosevelt's words and actions portended. It
12960-531: The 1980s, Lynnwood gained its first of several office parks , housing high-tech companies expanding from the Eastside and the Canyon Park area of Bothell . Shopping areas developed around Alderwood Mall at the same time, creating the county's largest retail center, and new housing areas spread out from the city limits of Lynnwood. Despite the development boom of unincorporated areas surrounding Lynnwood, growth within
13140-459: The Alderwood Manor plots to "Little Landers", a nickname for the new residents. Alderwood Manor grew to over 1,463 people and 200,000 hens by 1922, and had electricity and telephone services to most of its residents. The Puget Mill Company leased out its demonstration farm in 1933 and ceased operations at Alderwood Manor later in the decade, amid declining sales during the Great Depression . At
13320-473: The Brighton School. The city of Lynnwood has over 350 acres (140 ha) of open space in 19 community and neighborhood parks , as well as 14 miles (23 km) of recreational trails. Part of the open space is set aside as natural conservation areas, including Lund's Gulch and Scriber Creek. The city also has special recreational facilities, including a municipal golf course , skate park , sports fields,
13500-795: The British crisis. The financial crisis now caused a major political crisis in Britain in August 1931. With deficits mounting, the bankers demanded a balanced budget; the divided cabinet of Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald's Labour government agreed; it proposed to raise taxes, cut spending, and most controversially, to cut unemployment benefits 20%. The attack on welfare was unacceptable to the Labour movement. MacDonald wanted to resign, but King George V insisted he remain and form an all-party coalition " National Government ". The Conservative and Liberals parties signed on, along with
13680-517: The Depression. Businessmen ignored the mounting national debt and heavy new taxes, redoubling their efforts for greater output to take advantage of generous government contracts. During World War I many countries suspended their gold standard in varying ways. There was high inflation from WWI, and in the 1920s in the Weimar Republic , Austria , and throughout Europe. In the late 1920s there
13860-514: The Dow returning to 294 (pre-depression levels) in April 1930, before steadily declining for years, to a low of 41 in 1932. At the beginning, governments and businesses spent more in the first half of 1930 than in the corresponding period of the previous year. On the other hand, consumers, many of whom suffered severe losses in the stock market the previous year, cut expenditures by 10%. In addition, beginning in
14040-475: The Edmonds branch of Swedish Medical Center , formerly known as Stevens Hospital. The city has several community and specialty clinics operated by regional healthcare providers, including the Community Health Center of Snohomish County, Virginia Mason , and The Everett Clinic . Snohomish County, Washington Snohomish County ( / s n oʊ ˈ h oʊ m ɪ ʃ / ) is a county located in
14220-480: The Federal Reserve did not act to limit the decline of the money supply was the gold standard . At that time, the amount of credit the Federal Reserve could issue was limited by the Federal Reserve Act , which required 40% gold backing of Federal Reserve Notes issued. By the late 1920s, the Federal Reserve had almost hit the limit of allowable credit that could be backed by the gold in its possession. This credit
14400-442: The Great Depression is right, or the traditional Keynesian explanation that a fall in autonomous spending, particularly investment, is the primary explanation for the onset of the Great Depression. Today there is also significant academic support for the debt deflation theory and the expectations hypothesis that – building on the monetary explanation of Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz – add non-monetary explanations. There
14580-639: The Great Depression. According to the U.S. Senate website, the Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act is among the most catastrophic acts in congressional history. Many economists have argued that the sharp decline in international trade after 1930 helped to worsen the depression, especially for countries significantly dependent on foreign trade. Most historians and economists blame the Act for worsening the depression by seriously reducing international trade and causing retaliatory tariffs in other countries. While foreign trade
14760-439: The Lynnwood area is projected to have a population of over 92,000 people, including 54,400 people within the current city limits. Lynnwood residents had an estimated median household income of $ 47,700 in 2011, ranking lower than comparable suburban cities in the Seattle metropolitan area. As of the 2010 census , there were 35,836 people, 13,950 households, and 8,501 families residing in the city of Lynnwood. The population density
14940-412: The Lynnwood group. An incorporation measure was put before voters on the November 1958, failing by a narrow margin of 890 to 848 votes. A second attempt at incorporation, with a revised size of three square miles (7.8 km) and population of 6,000, was approved by a 2-to-1 margin on April 14, 1959. The successful incorporation was credited in part to the movement of dilapidated homes and structures from
15120-473: The New Deal prolonged the Great Depression, as they argue that National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 and National Labor Relations Act of 1935 restricted competition and established price fixing. John Maynard Keynes did not think that the New Deal under Roosevelt single-handedly ended the Great Depression: "It is, it seems, politically impossible for a capitalistic democracy to organize expenditure on
15300-540: The U.K. economy, which experienced an economic downturn throughout most of the late 1920s, was less severely impacted by the shock of the depression than the U.S. By contrast, the German economy saw a similar decline in industrial output as that observed in the U.S. Some economic historians attribute the differences in the rates of recovery and relative severity of the economic decline to whether particular countries had been able to effectively devaluate their currencies or not. This
15480-485: The U.S. unemployment rate down below 10%. World War II had a dramatic effect on many parts of the American economy. Government-financed capital spending accounted for only 5% of the annual U.S. investment in industrial capital in 1940; by 1943, the government accounted for 67% of U.S. capital investment. The massive war spending doubled economic growth rates, either masking the effects of the Depression or essentially ending
15660-622: The United States, agricultural organizations sponsored programs to teach housewives how to optimize their gardens and to raise poultry for meat and eggs. Rural women made feed sack dresses and other items for themselves and their families and homes from feed sacks. In American cities, African American women quiltmakers enlarged their activities, promoted collaboration, and trained neophytes. Quilts were created for practical use from various inexpensive materials and increased social interaction for women and promoted camaraderie and personal fulfillment. Oral history provides evidence for how housewives in
15840-543: The United States, remained on the gold standard into 1932 or 1933, while a few countries in the so-called "gold bloc", led by France and including Poland, Belgium and Switzerland, stayed on the standard until 1935–36. According to later analysis, the earliness with which a country left the gold standard reliably predicted its economic recovery. For example, The UK and Scandinavia, which left the gold standard in 1931, recovered much earlier than France and Belgium, which remained on gold much longer. Countries such as China, which had
16020-632: The Wall Street crash, after which the slide continued for three years, which was accompanied by a loss of confidence in the financial system. By 1933, the U.S. unemployment rate had risen to 25 percent, about one-third of farmers had lost their land, and about half of the country's 25,000 banks had gone out of business. Many people, unable to pay mortgages or rent, became homeless and relied on begging or charities to feed themselves. The U.S. federal government initially did little to help. President Herbert Hoover , like many of his fellow Republicans , believed in
16200-407: The age of 18 living with them, 52.4% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 32.1% were non-families, and 24.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.12. The median age was 37.1 years. The median income for a household in the county was $ 66,300 and the median income for
16380-407: The age of 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.8% were non-families. 22.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.13. In the county, 27.4% of the population was under
16560-461: The age of 18, 8.5% was from 18 to 24, 33.0% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.1% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.2 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 53,060, and the median income for a family was $ 60,726. Males had a median income of $ 43,293 versus $ 31,386 for females. The per capita income for
16740-411: The approval of a bond issue to finance the $ 1.5 million project (equivalent to $ 9.56 million in 2023 dollars). The civic center, located at 44th Avenue West and 194th Street Southwest, came after a decade in leased facilities scattered around the city center . The first buildings on the campus, including the city hall and public library , opened in 1971. Later expansions to the civic center added
16920-444: The area for American settlement. Brown's Bay, part of Puget Sound , and modern-day Meadowdale were surveyed by American loggers in 1859. Logging on Brown's Bay began in 1860, and the first American settlers arrived in the 1880s. Scottish -born stonemason Duncan Hunter became the area's first white resident in 1889, filing an 80-acre (32 ha) land claim on modern-day 36th Avenue West after moving west from Wisconsin . The claim
17100-404: The average family size was 3.13. In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 24.4% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 32.1% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males. The median income for a household in
17280-455: The banks would not have fallen after the large ones did, and the money supply would not have fallen as far and as fast as it did. With significantly less money to go around, businesses could not get new loans and could not even get their old loans renewed, forcing many to stop investing. This interpretation blames the Federal Reserve for inaction, especially the New York branch . One reason why
17460-573: The beginning of the Depression. The Depression was preceded by a period of industrial growth and social development known as the " Roaring Twenties ". Much of the profit generated by the boom was invested in speculation , such as on the stock market , which resulted in growing wealth inequality . Banks were subject to minimal regulation under laissez-faire economic policies, resulting in loose lending and widespread debt. By 1929, declining spending had led to reductions in manufacturing output and rising unemployment . Share values continued to rise until
17640-465: The behavior of housewives. The common view among economic historians is that the Great Depression ended with the advent of World War II . Many economists believe that government spending on the war caused or at least accelerated recovery from the Great Depression, though some consider that it did not play a very large role in the recovery, though it did help in reducing unemployment. The rearmament policies leading up to World War II helped stimulate
17820-453: The cities of Edmonds , Mountlake Terrace , and Woodway . The district had an enrollment of approximately 20,847 students in 2014 and has 41 schools, of which 16 are located in or around Lynnwood. The Edmonds School District has three high schools located in the Lynnwood area: Lynnwood High School , Meadowdale High School , and Scriber Lake High School . The Lynnwood High School was originally located adjacent to Alderwood Mall, but moved to
18000-476: The city itself slowed in the late 1980s and 1990s, attributed to few annexations and slow natural growth. Lynnwood began developing plans for a "city center" near the Alderwood Mall area in the 1980s. Like other post-war suburbs, Lynnwood developed without a defined central business district and sought to consolidate cultural facilities and high-density development in a manner similar to Downtown Bellevue . In
18180-421: The city of Lynnwood. The population density was 4,431.2 people per square mile (1,710.5/km). There were 13,808 housing units at an average density of 1,807.7 per square mile (697.8/km). The racial makeup of the city was 74.3% White, 3.3% African American, 1.0% Native American, 13.87% Asian, 0.40% Pacific Islander, 2.80% from other races, and 4.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.96% of
18360-461: The city was $ 42,814, and the median income for a family was $ 51,825. Males had a median income of $ 37,395 versus $ 30,070 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 19,971. About 6.2% of families and 9.5% of the population were below the poverty line , including 9.8% of those under age 18 and 12.2% of those age 65 or over. The Lynnwood Police Department has 70 officers and 38 support staff, overseen by chief Tom Davis since his appointment to
18540-642: The city's tax revenue. Professional services are concentrated in office parks near Alderwood Mall, comprising 176 buildings with nearly 2.8 million square feet (260,000 m) of leasable office space. The largest non-retail employers in the city include the Edmonds School District , the city government, and Automatic Data Processing (ADP). Clothing retailer Zumiez and knife manufacturer SOG Specialty Knives are headquartered in Lynnwood. The 1960 census counted 7,207 residents within Lynnwood city limits, which grew by 134 percent to nearly 17,000 by
18720-458: The collapse in global trade, contributing to the depression. By 1933, the economic decline pushed world trade to one third of its level compared to four years earlier. While the precise causes for the occurrence of the Great depression are disputed and can be traced to both global and national phenomena, its immediate origins are most conveniently examined in the context of the U.S. economy, from which
18900-530: The combined sales tax rate in Lynnwood is 10.6 percent, tied for the highest in Washington; 1.1 percent of the sales tax is collected by the municipal government, while other regional and county services have their own portions. The municipal government provides emergency services, water and sewage utilities, street maintenance, parks and recreation, and the municipal court and jail. The municipal government has contracted with South County Fire to provide firefighting and emergency medical services since it
19080-457: The county include KKXA , KRKO , KSER , and KWYZ . There are also smaller local publications, with significant online presences: My Edmonds News , My Everett News , The Mountlake Terrace News , News of Mill Creek , Mill Creek View, Lynnwood Today and Lynnwood Times. The county has been used as a filming location for several movies and television series since the mid-20th century. Snohomish County has five major routes that connect
19260-631: The county seat to Everett, amid controversy and allegations of illegal votes. After two years of litigation between the cities of Snohomish and Everett, the county seat was officially relocated to Everett in December 1896. One of the first county censuses was taken in 1862 by Sheriff Salem A. Woods. Early important pioneers in the Snohomish County region included E. F. Cady of Snohomish, Emory C. Ferguson of Snohomish and Isaac Cathcart . The early economy of Snohomish County relied on natural resources, namely timber and mining, alongside agriculture. The region
19440-529: The county to the other counties and other areas. There are three major north–south routes: Interstate 5 , State Route 9 , and State Route 99 . The only complete east–west route is U.S. Route 2 . The countywide numbered street grid originates in Everett and was implemented beginning in the 1970s during the rollout of the 911 emergency phone number system. By the late 1990s, some roads had reverted to their historical names—either officially or by using commemorative signs—due to local backlash. Snohomish County
19620-631: The county was $ 23,417. About 4.9% of families and 6.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 7.6% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over. Snohomish County is a home rule charter county with three branches: the executive, legislative, and judicial. The county government's powers and structure is defined by a charter that is updated every 10 years with amendments that are presented to voters for approval. The county executive and council seats are partisan positions with four-year terms; other positions elected by voters are generally non-partisan . Most county offices have
19800-571: The county was 66.1% white, 12.3% Asian, 3.54% black or African American, 1.3% Native American, 0.6% Pacific Islander, 5.4% other races, and 10.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 11.6% of the population. As of the 2010 census , there were 713,335 people, 268,325 households, and 182,282 families residing in the county. The population density was 341.8 people per square mile (132.0 people/km ). There were 286,659 housing units at an average density of 137.3 units per square mile (53.0 units/km ). The racial makeup of
19980-427: The county was 78.4% white, 8.9% Asian, 2.5% black or African American, 1.4% Indigenous, 0.4% Pacific islander, 3.8% from other races, and 4.6% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 9.0% of the population. In terms of ethnicity, 20.3% reported German ancestry, 12.6% Irish , 12.2% English , 8.2% Norwegian , and 3.6% American heritage. Of the 268,325 households, 35.2% had children under
20160-475: The crash was a mere symptom of more general economic trends of the time, which had already been underway in the late 1920s. A contrasting set of views, which rose to prominence in the later part of the 20th century, ascribes a more prominent role to failures of monetary policy . According to those authors, while general economic trends can explain the emergence of the downturn, they fail to account for its severity and longevity; they argue that these were caused by
20340-620: The crisis, the U.S. Congress passed the Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act on 17 June 1930. The Act was ostensibly aimed at protecting the American economy from foreign competition by imposing high tariffs on foreign imports. The consensus view among economists and economic historians (including Keynesians , Monetarists and Austrian economists ) is that the passage of the Smoot–Hawley Tariff had, in fact, achieved an opposite effect to what
20520-633: The decade. The Depression had devastating economic effects on both wealthy and poor countries: all experienced drops in personal income , prices ( deflation ), tax revenues, and profits. International trade fell by more than 50%, and unemployment in some countries rose as high as 33%. Cities around the world , especially those dependent on heavy industry , were heavily affected. Construction virtually halted in many countries, and farming communities and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by up to 60%. Faced with plummeting demand and few job alternatives, areas dependent on primary sector industries suffered
20700-408: The depression. Not all governments enforced the same measures of protectionism. Some countries raised tariffs drastically and enforced severe restrictions on foreign exchange transactions, while other countries reduced "trade and exchange restrictions only marginally": The gold standard was the primary transmission mechanism of the Great Depression. Even countries that did not face bank failures and
20880-441: The development of Alderwood Manor as a planned farming community. Lynnwood, named for the wife of a realtor, emerged in the late 1940s around the intersection of Highway 99 and 196th Street Southwest. The city was incorporated on April 23, 1959, and grew into a suburban hub in the years following the completion of Interstate 5 and Interstate 405. Alderwood Mall opened in 1979 and spurred the transformation of eastern Lynnwood into
21060-435: The domestic price level to decline ( deflation ). There is also consensus that protectionist policies, and primarily the passage of the Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act , helped to exacerbate, or even cause the Great Depression. Some economic studies have indicated that the rigidities of the gold standard not only spread the downturn worldwide, but also suspended gold convertibility (devaluing the currency in gold terms) that did
21240-402: The drop in demand. Monetarists believe that the Great Depression started as an ordinary recession, but the shrinking of the money supply greatly exacerbated the economic situation, causing a recession to descend into the Great Depression. Economists and economic historians are almost evenly split as to whether the traditional monetary explanation that monetary forces were the primary cause of
21420-425: The early 1970s and was later sold to shopping mall developer Edward J. DeBartolo Sr. in 1976. Alderwood Mall opened on October 4, 1979, sparking a major retail and residential boom in the Lynnwood area in the early 1980s. The Swamp Creek Interchange at Interstate 5 and Interstate 405 was completed in 1984, creating a new regional connection to Alderwood and Lynnwood from the Eastside region of King County . During
21600-612: The east. The Cascade Range passes through the eastern part of the county and is largely protected from development as part of the Mount Baker–Snoqualmie National Forest . The mountain range includes the highest point in Snohomish County: Glacier Peak , at 10,541 feet (3,212.90 m) above sea level . Several major rivers originate in the Cascades and flow west towards Puget Sound and other parts of
21780-427: The economies of Europe in 1937–1939. By 1937, unemployment in Britain had fallen to 1.5 million. The mobilization of manpower following the outbreak of war in 1939 ended unemployment. The American mobilization for World War II at the end of 1941 moved approximately ten million people out of the civilian labor force and into the war. This finally eliminated the last effects from the Great Depression and brought
21960-576: The end of the month. A large sell-off of stocks began in mid-October. Finally, on 24 October, Black Thursday , the American stock market crashed 11% at the opening bell. Actions to stabilize the market failed, and on 28 October, Black Monday, the market crashed another 12%. The panic peaked the next day on Black Tuesday, when the market saw another 11% drop. Thousands of investors were ruined, and billions of dollars had been lost; many stocks could not be sold at any price. The market recovered 12% on Wednesday but by then significant damage had been done. Though
22140-611: The entire metropolitan area. Most bus service in Lynnwood is concentrated at hubs, primarily the Lynnwood Transit Center , Ash Way Park and Ride, and Edmonds College . Community Transit operates local routes and two Swift Bus Rapid Transit lines that cross the city: Swift Blue Line on State Route 99, which opened in 2009; and the Swift Orange Line , which opened in 2024 and connects Edmonds College, Lynnwood Transit Center, Alderwood, and Mill Creek. The agency also launched
22320-528: The establishment of the area's first schoolhouse in 1895. During the early 20th century, the Lynnwood area was gradually logged by private companies and mill operators, leaving behind plots with tree stumps . The arrival of the Seattle–Everett Interurban Railway in 1910 brought reliable transportation to the area, as well as real estate speculators. The Puget Mill Company , then the largest landowner in southern Snohomish County, established
22500-494: The explanations of the Keynesians and monetarists. The consensus among demand-driven theories is that a large-scale loss of confidence led to a sudden reduction in consumption and investment spending. Once panic and deflation set in, many people believed they could avoid further losses by keeping clear of the markets. Holding money became profitable as prices dropped lower and a given amount of money bought ever more goods, exacerbating
22680-503: The few women in the labor force, layoffs were less common in the white-collar jobs and they were typically found in light manufacturing work. However, there was a widespread demand to limit families to one paid job, so that wives might lose employment if their husband was employed. Across Britain, there was a tendency for married women to join the labor force, competing for part-time jobs especially. In France, very slow population growth, especially in comparison to Germany continued to be
22860-501: The first week of June, 540 million in the second, and 150 million in two days, 19–20 June. Collapse was at hand. U.S. President Herbert Hoover called for a moratorium on payment of war reparations . This angered Paris, which depended on a steady flow of German payments, but it slowed the crisis down, and the moratorium was agreed to in July 1931. An International conference in London later in July produced no agreements but on 19 August
23040-595: The formal use of "Lynnwood" by the chamber of commerce in 1946, instead of the suggested "West Alderwood". Lynnwood gained its first post office in 1948, after a successful lobbying campaign by the Lynnwood Commercial Club to the federal Post Office Department . Throughout the early 1950s, Lynnwood saw slow residential development, in part because of the lack of sewers and other municipal services. Local residents sought to be annexed into Edmonds , but were denied and left to organize their own city. In 1956,
23220-599: The government tried to reshape private household consumption under the Four-Year Plan of 1936 to achieve German economic self-sufficiency. The Nazi women's organizations, other propaganda agencies and the authorities all attempted to shape such consumption as economic self-sufficiency was needed to prepare for and to sustain the coming war. The organizations, propaganda agencies and authorities employed slogans that called up traditional values of thrift and healthy living. However, these efforts were only partly successful in changing
23400-522: The highest hills in the Seattle area is 649-foot (198 m) Lake Serene Hill , near the lake of the same name. The city has extensive views of the Olympic Mountains to the west and the Cascade Mountains to the east. The main retail and commercial corridor of the city is the "Lynnwood Triangle", bordered to the east by Interstate 5, to the south by Southwest 196th Street, and to the west by 44th Avenue West. The "Triangle" area has been proposed as
23580-519: The home, or took boarders, did laundry for trade or cash, and did sewing for neighbors in exchange for something they could offer. Extended families used mutual aid—extra food, spare rooms, repair-work, cash loans—to help cousins and in-laws. In Japan, official government policy was deflationary and the opposite of Keynesian spending. Consequently, the government launched a campaign across the country to induce households to reduce their consumption, focusing attention on spending by housewives. In Germany,
23760-514: The initial crisis spread to the rest of the world. In the aftermath of World War I , the Roaring Twenties brought considerable wealth to the United States and Western Europe. Initially, the year 1929 dawned with good economic prospects: despite a minor crash on 25 March 1929, the market seemed to gradually improve through September. Stock prices began to slump in September, and were volatile at
23940-543: The lack of an adequate response to the crises of liquidity that followed the initial economic shock of 1929 and the subsequent bank failures accompanied by a general collapse of the financial markets. After the Wall Street Crash of 1929 , when the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped from 381 to 198 over the course of two months, optimism persisted for some time. The stock market rose in early 1930, with
24120-568: The largest group and occupied an area from present-day Warm Beach to Shoreline , while Stillaguamish lived in the Stillaguamish River basin. The region was first charted and named by European explorers in the late 18th century, beginning with Captain George Vancouver and his British expedition. Vancouver arrived in Puget Sound and Port Gardner Bay on June 4, 1792, landing near present-day Everett . The Treaty of Point Elliott
24300-512: The late 1990s, the Washington State Department of Transportation rebuilt several interchanges on Interstate 5 in Lynnwood, including the construction of a full diamond interchange at 196th Street Southwest costing $ 80 million. The city opened a $ 31 million, medium-sized convention center in 2005 to anchor the future city center. The City of Lynnwood formally adopted its City Center Subarea Plan in 2007, outlining plans to re-develop
24480-461: The market entered a period of recovery from 14 November until 17 April 1930, the general situation had been a prolonged slump. From 17 April 1930 until 8 July 1932, the market continued to lose 89% of its value. Despite the crash, the worst of the crisis did not reverberate around the world until after 1929. The crisis hit panic levels again in December 1930, with a bank run on the Bank of United States ,
24660-414: The mid-1930s, a severe drought ravaged the agricultural heartland of the U.S. Interest rates dropped to low levels by mid-1930, but expected deflation and the continuing reluctance of people to borrow meant that consumer spending and investment remained low. By May 1930, automobile sales declined to below the levels of 1928. Prices, in general, began to decline, although wages held steady in 1930. Then
24840-482: The mid-20th century, areas of Snohomish County have developed into an aerospace manufacturing center, largely due to the presence of Boeing in Everett, as well as bedroom communities for workers in Seattle . Snohomish County now has 18 incorporated cities and 2 towns with their own local governments, in addition to developed unincorporated areas . It is connected to nearby areas by roads (including Interstate 5 ), railways, and transit systems. The county government
25020-423: The monetary base and by not injecting liquidity into the banking system to prevent it from crumbling, the Federal Reserve passively watched the transformation of a normal recession into the Great Depression. Friedman and Schwartz argued that the downward turn in the economy, starting with the stock market crash, would merely have been an ordinary recession if the Federal Reserve had taken aggressive action. This view
25200-496: The most to make recovery possible. Every major currency left the gold standard during the Great Depression. The UK was the first to do so. Facing speculative attacks on the pound and depleting gold reserves , in September 1931 the Bank of England ceased exchanging pound notes for gold and the pound was floated on foreign exchange markets. Japan and the Scandinavian countries followed in 1931. Other countries, such as Italy and
25380-427: The most. The outbreak of World War II in 1939 ended the Depression, as it stimulated factory production, providing jobs for women as militaries absorbed large numbers of young, unemployed men. The precise causes for the Great Depression are disputed. One set of historians, for example, focuses on non-monetary economic causes. Among these, some regard the Wall Street crash itself as the main cause; others consider that
25560-542: The name "Sinnahmis" in 1824, while the Wilkes Expedition of 1841 used "Tuxpam" to describe the Snohomish River . The same river was named "Sinahomis" by Captain Henry Kellett in 1847, and was accepted by the U.S. government for several years. Snohomish County was originally inhabited by several Coast Salish groups, predominantly settled along the western coastline and near the region's rivers. The Snohomish were
25740-568: The need to balance the national budget and was unwilling to implement expensive welfare spending . In 1930, Hoover signed the Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act , which taxed imports with the intention of encouraging buyers to purchase American products, which worsened the Depression because foreign governments retaliated with tariffs on American exports. In 1932, Hoover established the Reconstruction Finance Corporation , which offered loans to businesses and support to local governments. In
25920-417: The next county executive was Democrat Bob Drewel from 1992 to 2004, followed by Democrat Aaron Reardon from 2004 to 2013. Reardon resigned on May 31, 2013, amid a series of political scandals , and was replaced by former Snohomish County Sheriff and state legislator John Lovick for the remainder of his term. The county council has five members who are elected to four-year terms, each representing
26100-483: The physical volume of exports fall, but also the prices fell by about 1 ⁄ 3 as written. Hardest hit were farm commodities such as wheat, cotton, tobacco, and lumber. Governments around the world took various steps into spending less money on foreign goods such as: "imposing tariffs, import quotas, and exchange controls". These restrictions triggered much tension among countries that had large amounts of bilateral trade, causing major export-import reductions during
26280-477: The policies prolonged the Depression instead of shortening it. Between 1929 and 1932, worldwide gross domestic product (GDP) fell by an estimated 15%; in the U.S., the Depression resulted in a 30% contraction in GDP. Recovery varied greatly around the world. Some economies, such as the U.S., Germany and Japan started to recover by the mid-1930s; others, like France, did not return to pre-shock growth rates until later in
26460-455: The political situation in Europe. In their book, A Monetary History of the United States , Milton Friedman and Anna J. Schwartz also attributed the recovery to monetary factors, and contended that it was much slowed by poor management of money by the Federal Reserve System . Chairman of the Federal Reserve (2006–2014) Ben Bernanke agreed that monetary factors played important roles both in
26640-407: The population. There were 13,328 households, out of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.3% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.5% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and
26820-442: The population. There were 14,107 households, of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.6% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.7% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
27000-416: The position in August 2016. In 2015, Lynnwood had 81 violent crimes and 2,162 property crimes reported to law enforcement. The city's violent crime rate was 220 per 100,000 people, ranking below the national and state averages; the property crime rate of 5,861 per 100,000 people was significantly above the national and state averages. Lynnwood has a relatively low overall crime rate compared to cities of
27180-430: The same size in Washington state, but ranks high for property crime, particularly larceny attributed to the nearby Alderwood Mall. In an effort to curb traffic violations, the city government installed twelve red light cameras and four school zone cameras that took approximately 44,000 photos per year as of 2017 and generated $ 3.4 million in ticket revenue in 2018. The 2008 rape of a teenage woman in Lynnwood, part of
27360-470: The same time, the opening of the Pacific Highway (modern-day Highway 99) in 1927 and the decline of Interurban service in the 1930s shifted the center of economic growth west near Scriber Lake. Seattle realtor Karl O'Brien filed a plat along Highway 99 at 196th Street Southwest in 1937, naming the development "Lynnwood" after his wife Lynn. Nearby businesses adopted the name during the 1940s, leading to
27540-434: The scale necessary to make the grand experiments which would prove my case—except in war conditions." According to Christina Romer , the money supply growth caused by huge international gold inflows was a crucial source of the recovery of the United States economy, and that the economy showed little sign of self-correction. The gold inflows were partly due to devaluation of the U.S. dollar and partly due to deterioration of
27720-552: The site of a city center for Lynnwood since the 1980s, including planning for a light rail station and high-density development surrounding it. As of 2015, Lynnwood has an estimated 19,095 residents who were in the workforce , either employed or unemployed. Only 12 percent of Lynnwood residents work within city limits, while approximately 31 percent commute to Seattle, 9 percent to Everett, 6 percent to Bellevue, and 4 percent to Edmonds . Regional job centers in Downtown Seattle ,
27900-499: The state level, the city is part of the 32nd legislative district , which also includes Mountlake Terrace, Shoreline , Woodway , and portions of Edmonds and Seattle. Lynnwood was part of the 21st legislative district until 2012. Lynnwood is wholly part of the Snohomish County Council 's 3rd district, alongside Edmonds and Woodway. Public schools in Lynnwood are operated by the Edmonds School District , which also serves
28080-505: The way up to a Master's in Business along with other Associate and bachelor's degrees. Everett Community College and Edmonds College provide academic transfer degrees, career training and basic education in Snohomish County. Together, the two serve more than 40,000 people annually. About 40 percent of all high school graduates in Snohomish County begin their college education at Edmonds or Everett community college . Everett Community College
28260-528: The west by Kitsap and Island counties. Snohomish County was created out of Island County on January 14, 1861, and is named for the indigenous Snohomish people . It includes the Tulalip Indian Reservation , which was established by the 1855 Point Elliott Treaty , which relocated several indigenous Coast Salish groups to the reservation. The county seat was originally at the city of Snohomish until an 1897 election moved it to Everett. Since
28440-473: The west to 180 inches (460 cm) in the upper elevations of the Cascades; the majority of the region's precipitation falls between October and March. The county's lowlands also has an average annual snowfall ranging from 10 to 20 inches (25 to 51 cm). The Puget Sound Convergence Zone , a known meteorological phenomenon, runs through southwestern Snohomish County and causes narrow bands of precipitation. Approximately 68 percent of land in Snohomish County
28620-471: The world, recovery from the Great Depression began in 1933. In the U.S., recovery began in early 1933, but the U.S. did not return to 1929 GNP for over a decade and still had an unemployment rate of about 15% in 1940, albeit down from the high of 25% in 1933. There is no consensus among economists regarding the motive force for the U.S. economic expansion that continued through most of the Roosevelt years (and
28800-659: The world. The financial crisis escalated out of control in mid-1931, starting with the collapse of the Credit Anstalt in Vienna in May. This put heavy pressure on Germany, which was already in political turmoil. With the rise in violence of National Socialist ('Nazi') and Communist movements, as well as investor nervousness at harsh government financial policies, investors withdrew their short-term money from Germany as confidence spiraled downward. The Reichsbank lost 150 million marks in
28980-778: The worldwide economic decline and eventual recovery. Bernanke also saw a strong role for institutional factors, particularly the rebuilding and restructuring of the financial system, and pointed out that the Depression should be examined in an international perspective. Women's primary role was as housewives; without a steady flow of family income, their work became much harder in dealing with food and clothing and medical care. Birthrates fell everywhere, as children were postponed until families could financially support them. The average birthrate for 14 major countries fell 12% from 19.3 births per thousand population in 1930, to 17.0 in 1935. In Canada, half of Roman Catholic women defied Church teachings and used contraception to postpone births. Among
29160-569: The young city was mired in a legal dispute with neighboring Edmonds over the annexation of the Browns Bay area, which was resolved in an out-of-court settlement. Lynnwood began offering municipal services in its first years, opening a sewage treatment plant , a public park, new streets, and acquiring a water system from the Alderwood Water District. The city began building its 18-acre (7.3 ha) civic center complex in 1969, shortly after
29340-431: Was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.13. The median age in the city was 37.3 years. 21.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28% were from 25 to 44; 26.2% were from 45 to 64; and 13.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49% male and 51% female. As of the 2000 census , there were 33,847 people, 13,328 households, and 8,330 families residing in
29520-621: Was 290 people per square mile (110 people/km ). There were 236,205 housing units at an average density of 113 units per square mile (44 units/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 85.6% White , 1.7% Black or African American , 1.4% Native American , 5.8% Asian , 0.3% Pacific Islander , 1.9% from other races , and 3.4% from two or more races. 4.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 16.2% were of German , 10.0% English , 8.8% Irish , 8.4% Norwegian and 6.6% United States or American ancestry. There were 224,852 households, out of which 37.3% had children under
29700-406: Was 4,570.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,764.8/km). There were 14,939 housing units at an average density of 1,905.5 per square mile (735.7/km). The racial makeup of the city was 63.8% White (58.6% non-Hispanic white ), 5.5% African American, 1.1% Native American, 17.3% Asian, 0.5% Pacific Islander, 6.6% from other races, and 5.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.3% of
29880-639: Was a scramble to deflate prices to get the gold standard's conversation rates back on track to pre-WWI levels, by causing deflation and high unemployment through monetary policy. In 1933 FDR signed Executive Order 6102 and in 1934 signed the Gold Reserve Act . The two classic competing economic theories of the Great Depression are the Keynesian (demand-driven) and the Monetarist explanation. There are also various heterodox theories that downplay or reject
30060-498: Was a severe global economic downturn from 1929 to 1939. The period was characterized by high rates of unemployment and poverty; drastic reductions in liquidity , industrial production, and trade; and widespread bank and business failures around the world. The economic contagion began in 1929 in the United States , the largest economy in the world, with the devastating Wall Street stock market crash of October 1929 often considered
30240-478: Was a small part of overall economic activity in the U.S. and was concentrated in a few businesses like farming, it was a much larger factor in many other countries. The average ad valorem (value based) rate of duties on dutiable imports for 1921–1925 was 25.9% but under the new tariff it jumped to 50% during 1931–1935. In dollar terms, American exports declined over the next four years from about $ 5.2 billion in 1929 to $ 1.7 billion in 1933; so, not only did
30420-481: Was connected by railroads at the end of the 19th century, which also created new towns that experienced major population booms as emigrants arrived from other parts of the United States. The county was among the largest New Deal aid beneficiaries in Washington due to its troubled economy during the Great Depression ; the Works Progress Administration built major projects around Snohomish County, while
30600-474: Was endorsed in 2002 by Federal Reserve Governor Ben Bernanke in a speech honoring Friedman and Schwartz with this statement: Let me end my talk by abusing slightly my status as an official representative of the Federal Reserve. I would like to say to Milton and Anna: Regarding the Great Depression, you're right. We did it. We're very sorry. But thanks to you, we won't do it again. The Federal Reserve allowed some large public bank failures – particularly that of
30780-434: Was formed in 2017 by a merger of the Lynnwood fire department and a county fire district. At the federal level, Lynnwood is part of Washington's 2nd congressional district , which also encompasses western Snohomish County, Island County , Skagit County , and Whatcom County . It is represented by Democrat Rick Larsen ; prior to the 2012 redistricting in Washington, Lynnwood was part of the 1st congressional district . At
30960-426: Was given by American economists Milton Friedman and Anna J. Schwartz . They argued that the Great Depression was caused by the banking crisis that caused one-third of all banks to vanish, a reduction of bank shareholder wealth and more importantly monetary contraction of 35%, which they called "The Great Contraction ". This caused a price drop of 33% ( deflation ). By not lowering interest rates, by not increasing
31140-491: Was in the form of Federal Reserve demand notes. A "promise of gold" is not as good as "gold in the hand", particularly when they only had enough gold to cover 40% of the Federal Reserve Notes outstanding. During the bank panics, a portion of those demand notes was redeemed for Federal Reserve gold. Since the Federal Reserve had hit its limit on allowable credit, any reduction in gold in its vaults had to be accompanied by
31320-432: Was inherited by Hunter's son Basil, who lived on the property until his death in 1982; it was later turned into the city's Pioneer Park in the late 1980s. Hunter was joined to the east by a claim from William Morrice, a fellow stonemason from Aberdeen, Scotland . Settlers from Pennsylvania homesteaded along Cedar Valley, to the south of Hunter and Morrice, and near Scriber Lake (named for Peter Schreiber) in 1888, leading to
31500-413: Was initially dismissed by detectives with the Lynnwood police department before the assailant, a serial rapist , was charged and convicted for the rapes of five more women. The city government agreed to a $ 150,000 settlement in the victim's lawsuit in 2014 and later changed the police department's procedures on sexual assault investigations. Lynnwood is defined as a non-charter code city and operates under
31680-446: Was intended. It exacerbated the Great Depression by preventing economic recovery after domestic production recovered, hampering the volume of trade; still there is disagreement as to the precise extent of the Act's influence. In the popular view, the Smoot–Hawley Tariff was one of the leading causes of the depression. In a 1995 survey of American economic historians, two-thirds agreed that the Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act at least worsened
31860-488: Was permanently moved to Cadyville, later Snohomish , following an election on July 8. Residents north of the Snohomish River later proposed to be moved into Skagit County due to difficult travel to the county seat at Snohomish. After the incorporation of the city of Everett in 1893, the city's leaders attempted to move the county seat from Snohomish. A countywide general election on November 6, 1894, chose to relocate
32040-492: Was signed at present-day Mukilteo on January 22, 1855, marking the cession of Coast Salish territories in the Puget Sound lowlands. The Tulalip Indian Reservation was established to house the remaining tribes, including the Snohomish, Snoqualmie, and Skykomish. Snohomish County was created out of Island County 's mainland areas and the northernmost portion of King County on January 14, 1861. The separation from Island County
32220-454: Was the result of a petition by settlers to the territorial legislature that cited the difficulty of travel to Coupeville on Whidbey Island , the county seat at the time. The new county was the first in Washington to have its boundaries defined by a land survey rather than natural boundaries. The territorial legislature designated Mukilteo , the area's largest settlement, as the temporary county seat in January 1861. The county government
32400-464: Was the rollback of those same reflationary policies that led to the interruption of a recession beginning in late 1937. One contributing policy that reversed reflation was the Banking Act of 1935 , which effectively raised reserve requirements, causing a monetary contraction that helped to thwart the recovery. GDP returned to its upward trend in 1938. A revisionist view among some economists holds that
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