45-656: Luxmanda is an archaeological site located in the north-central Babati District of Tanzania . It was discovered in 2012. Excavations in the area have identified it as the largest and southernmost settlement site of the Savanna Pastoral Neolithic (SPN), an archaeologically-recognized pastoralist culture centered in eastern Africa during a time period known as the Pastoral Neolithic (ca. 5000–1200 BP). Radiocarbon dating of charcoal , human collagen, and organic matter in ceramic artifacts indicate that Luxmanda
90-570: A District Council. According to the 2022 Tanzania National Census, the population of the district was 375,200. The District Commissioner of Babati District is Hadija R.R. Nyembo. Babati District is located below the Equator between latitude 3° and 4° South and longitude 35° and 36° E. The land surface is characterized by a number of undulating hills and mountains as part of the East African Rift Valley Highlands. Babati District
135-412: A council: (Kondoa, Chemba, Bahi, Dodoma, Chamwino, Kongwa, and Mpwapwa), eight local government authorities, 29 divisions, 209 wards, 607 villages, 181 streets, and 2,184 hamlets. Other districts each have a council, however Kondoa district has both Kondoa town council and Kondoa district council. Dodoma is the centre of educational activity in the region, with two universities. The University of Dodoma
180-695: A lack of funding and up-to-date technical know-how. These include copper deposits in Tambi, Kimagai, and Kinusi in the Mpwapwa District; nickel deposits at Haneti in the Chamwino District; manganese deposits at Kibakwe in the Mpwapwa District; silica; enstatite in the Mpwapwa District; and scapolite (marialite-meionite) deposits in the Rubeho Mountains. The Dodoma region is easily accessible all year round thanks to its good road infrastructure. There
225-426: Is a district of Manyara Region of Tanzania , East Africa. The administrative capital of the district is Babati town, 172 km (107 mi) south of Arusha . The district covers an area of 6,069 km (2,343 sq mi), a large proportion (640 km ) of which is covered by the water bodies of Lake Babati , Lake Burunge and Lake Manyara . The district is bordered to the north by Arusha Region , to
270-453: Is administratively divided into 4 divisions, 21 wards and 96 villages. Babati, Gorowa, Mbugwe and Bashnet. The 21 wards are: Dodoma Region Dodoma Region ( Mkoa wa Dodoma in Swahili ) is one of Tanzania 's 31 administrative regions . The regional capital is the city of Dodoma . Dodoma is located in central Tanzania, bordered by Singida region to the west, Manyara region to
315-513: Is divided by the Dabil-Dareda escarpment of the Rift Valley, providing diverse climatic and agro-ecological conditions due to a wide range of altitudes from 950 m asl. to 2450 m asl. Most of the soils are of volcanic origin and range from sand loam to clay alluvial soils. In the lower flat lands, like around Lakes Babati and Manyara, alkaline soils predominate. Five agro-ecological zones characterize
360-495: Is efficient transfer of commodities to and from neighboring regions. Most rural communities are well connected with year-round accessible roadways. The overall length of the region's road system is 8,183 km, of which 555 km are trunk highways, 1,142 km are regional roads, 3,054 km are district roads, and 3,432 km are village roads. Dodoma region is connected by a paved trunk road (T3) that starts in Dar es Salaam on
405-471: Is grapes. Additionally, many farmers in Dodoma city and adjacent districts rely heavily on the production of grapes for their livelihood. Dodoma district produces over 70% of the grapes in the area, with 30% of the output from Chamwino and Bahi. Jam, juice, jelly, wine, grape seed extracts, raisins, vinegar, and grapeseed oil are all products made from grapes. Smallholder farmers who grow grapes on their own farms are
450-597: Is home to a UNESCO world heritage site, the Kondoa Rock-Art Sites in Kondoa District. The Dodoma region is the ancestral homeland to the following ethnic groups: Gogo , Rangi , Sandawe and Burungi . According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,083,588. The region represented 4.8 percent of the total population of the Tanzanian mainland which was 43,625,354 in 2012. In 2012, it
495-629: Is situated at a 6,000-hectare (23 sq mi) site in the Chimwaga area about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) east of downtown Dodoma. Established in 2007, in coordination with Tanzania's development vision 2025, the University of Dodoma is expected to have 50,000 students when fully functional, more than twice the size of the University of Dar es Salaam . The university had an expected enrollment of 40,000 in 2012, five years after opening. The second university
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#1732848830446540-413: Is the top district, followed by Kondoa and Chemba. Crops like cassava and potatoes are only grown in small amounts. The second most important economic sector in the Dodoma region is livestock farming. In Dodoman villages, livestock prevent malnutrition, produce revenue, and determine the economic and social standing of households. 99 percent of the cattle raised is of an indigenous type that does well in
585-642: Is unknown, but some historical linguists have speculated that the peoples of the SPN spoke Cushitic languages . The Pastoral Neolithic was followed by the Pastoral Iron Age and the Bantu Expansion . Admixture clustering analysis of a 3,100 year old female infant skeleton exhumed at Luxmanda found that the individual carried approximately 38±1% of her ancestry related to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic culture of
630-505: The Dinka (with then an inferred ancestry proportion of 39% ± 1% for Levantine-related ancestry). Furthermore, haplogroup analysis indicated that the Luxmanda specimen bore the haplogroup L2a1 (mtDNA). Scientists had previously dated the arrival of Western Eurasian-related ancestry in eastern Africa, which is now pervasive in the region, to around 3000 BP on average. The new genetic data suggest that
675-667: The Levant . New genetic data from Luxmanda suggest that this affinity is likely due to either migration into Africa of descendants of Pre-Pottery Neolithic B farmers from the Levant, or common descent from a non-African (Western Eurasian) ancestral population that inhabited Africa or the Near East several millennia before. All the males tested for Y chromosomal DNA clustered with E1b1b subclades, with two yielding ambivalent A1b subclades due to insufficient collagen. [2] The African ancestry of Luxmanda
720-514: The 2022 national census, the region had a population of 3,085,625; in the 2012 national census, the population was 2,083,588. Dodoma's name derives from the Gogo word Idodomya , the place where an elephant sunk into the mud. The city of Dodoma , from which the region gets its name, is the largest city and capital of the region. It began as a small Gogo village in the early 19th century, consisting of several traditional tembe houses. The city
765-917: The Bahi District; Godegode Msagali and Gulwe stations by the Mpwapwa District, and Igandu station by Chamwino. The central railway of Tanzania passes through the city of Dodoma . The region is served by Dodoma airport , which is 2 mi (3.2 km) by road from the train station (0.75 mi (1.21 km) as the crow flies ) , which is in the center of the city. In addition to the airport, there are four air strips: Mpwapwa town in Mpwawa, Mvumi village in Chamwino, Kondoa town in Kondoa, and Kongwa village in Kongwa. These airstrips are used for emergency services like flood relief and pest control for crops. Flying doctors that service
810-556: The British took over the country, they favoured Dar es Salaam and Arusha , and Dodoma began to decline in importance. It declined further in the 1960s when the Tanzam Highway was built by the Chinese, connecting Dar es Salaam to Morogoro and Iringa. On 9 December 1961, Tanganyika won independence from Britain, and Dodoma remained the capital of the central province. In 1963, the provinces of
855-591: The British, nearly 5,700. Problems continued throughout 1917, and in November 1917 drought turned it into a crisis. Some 30,000 people died; about 1 in 5 of the population of the district. Thousands of people emigrated, and others sold starving cattle for just a shilling at the market in Dodoma. Smallpox was prevalent, and the Spanish flu epidemic killed an estimated 50,000–80,000 in Tanganyika between 1918 and 1920. When
900-428: The Dodoma region is ranked reasonably well. The region's gross domestic product (GDP) was Tsh 2,635,574 million in 2015, and GDP per capita was Tsh 1,188,343 according to the 2017 Tanzania human development report (THDR). Dodoma received a human development index1 (HDI) score of 0.479, placing it 17th out of 26 regions in mainland Tanzania. Tanzania's mainland has an average HDI score of 0.614. The life expectancy in Dodoma
945-451: The Dodoma region ranged up to 90% in Kondoa and Mpwapwa, and 93 percent in Bahi and Chemba district councils, while in Dodoma city 54% of households were employed in agriculture. The central plateau zone, where the Dodoma region lies, is well known for producing fruits like grapes , mango , papaya , guava , baobab , tamarind , and dates . The main cash crop grown by farmers among the fruits
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#1732848830446990-988: The Mvumi mission district designated hospital use the Mvumi airstrip. A second airport in Dodoma is being built by the government in the Msalato area. The Dodoma region has access to the internet, landline and mobile phone telephone services, and postal services. There are three television cable stations — Dodoma TV cable, Maneno TV cable, and FCN TV — as well as ten radio stations (Dodoma FM, Mwangaza FM, ABM FM, Nyemo FM, Kifimbo FM, Maisha FM, A-FM, RAS FM, Impact FM, and Uzima Radio) that broadcast from Dodoma city. Tanzanian local television networks include Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation (TBC) television, Independent television (ITV), Star TV, Azam TV, Clouds 360 TV, and Channel Ten. A number of telephone providers, including Tanzania Telecommunication Company Limited (TTCL), Vodacom, Airtel, Tigo, Zantel, Halotel, and optical fiber networks, provide service to
1035-514: The Tanzanian government launched a national soil conservation programme, known as the Dodoma soil conservation programme, to improve soil fertility and productivity in the worst affected areas of the region. Dodoma is the 8th largest region by area after Manyara region. Dodoma region, which is primarily semi-arid, covers an area of 41,311 square kilometres (15,950 sq mi), making it slightly larger than Switzerland (41,284 square kilometres (15,940 sq mi)). The Dodoma region lies in
1080-492: The area. Many of these companies service the majority of urban and rural areas. The Dodoma Region has a variety of tourist attractions, including two game reserves ( Swaga Swaga game reserve and Mkugunero game reserve) where regulated hunting is permitted. Hunting is prohibited at Kidolea game reserve. Historical sites in the region include locations where freedom fighters from Mozambique, Zambia, Namibia, and South Africa stayed while training for their nations' independence. Dodoma
1125-516: The coast, passes through Morogoro , Dodoma , and Singida , and ends at the Rwanda border. In 2016, a paved trunk road (T5) to Iringa was opened. The trunk road (T5) to Babati in Manyara Region was completed as of early 2018. Dodoma lies along the great North road , a major infrastructural network of Africa which connects Cairo to Cape Town . The efficacy of the road network is measured by
1170-501: The condition of the roads during the rainy season. Dodoma region is fortunate in that more than half (75.9%) of its total road network is either 510 km of asphalt or 1,565.2 km of gravel, both of which are open all year round, including during the rainy season. There are 9 railway stations in the Dodoma region, with the Kikombo, Ihumwa, Dodoma urban, and Zuzu stations owned by Dodoma city council; Bahi and Kigwe stations owned by
1215-519: The district. About 90% of the population of Babati District live in the rural areas and depend on agriculture and livestock for their livelihood. They are mostly small-scale farmers or agro-pastoralists practicing a semi-traditional farming system characterized by low use of farm inputs. Mixed crop-livestock, mostly maize-based systems are widely found in the district that are intercropped with varying species, such as common beans, pigeon peas and sunflowers, according to altitude and rainfall availability. In
1260-451: The following profile: there were 2,325 industries, of which 1,262 (54% of the total) were engaged in the milling of maize, 436 (19%) in the processing of sunflower oil, 292 (13%) in tailoring, 6 (or 0.3%) in the processing of wine, 45 (or 1.9%) in carpentry , and the remaining few were engaged in the production of various goods. Dodoma is home to more than 52 distinct types of minerals, but local miners have had difficulty extracting them due to
1305-670: The heart of Tanzania in the eastern-central part of the country, the main city being about 300 miles (480 km) from the coast. The region is bordered by the Manyara region to the north, the Tanga region to the north east, the Singida region to the west, the Iringa region to the south, and the Morogoro region to the east and southeast. The Wami river sub-basin "extends from the semi-arid Dodoma Region to
1350-516: The humid inland swamps in the Morogoro region to Saadani village in the coastal Bagamoyo district". The Kikuyu River flows through the region, passing near the city of Dodoma. Protected areas include the Swaga Swaga game reserve . The region produces beans , seeds, grain , peanuts , coffee , tea , and tobacco . Cattle are also raised and marketed. A total of 220,989 hectares, or 5.44 percent of
1395-663: The local climate. The Tanzania meat company (TMC) and S&Y Gourmet were the two businesses in the area that processed livestock products in the fiscal year that ended in June 2017. TMC processed 1,400 tonnes of goat and sheep meat for export in addition to 6,562.5 tonnes of beef for domestic consumption. 250 tonnes of cattle and 90 tonnes of goats and sheep were processed for export alone by S & Y Gourmet. 250 tonnes of beef and 1,490 tonnes of processed sheep and goats were transported to Vietnam , Iraq , Morocco , and Oman . After agriculture, service workers, shop and stall sales workers are
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1440-469: The lowlands, paddy rice is cultivated where irrigation is available. Livestock comprise local breeds of cattle, sheep, goats, chickens and cows. Cattle are widely used for draught, for example pulling carts or ploughing fields. Only 44% out of the 96 villages have health facilities, such as dispensaries or health centers, whereas the other villages are covered by mobile and outreach services, especially for mother and child care/services. Babati District
1485-471: The main producers of grapes in Dodoma. Maize, sorghum, millet, rice, pulses (mostly pigeon peas), cassava, potatoes, bananas, and plantains are some of the principal food crops grown in Dodoma. The semi-arid climate favors the production of paddy, sorghum, millet, and other oil-seed crops. The main food crops grown in the area are maize and sorghum, primarily in the districts of Kongwa, Chemba, Kondoa, Mpwapwa, and Chamwino. In terms of maize production, Kongwa
1530-564: The makers of the Savanna Pastoral Neolithic were responsible for spreading ancient Levant-related ancestry in the lacustrine region, where they had established new settlements. The Luxmanda individual's population also likely introduced herding to southern Africa, since a 1,200 year old pastoralist individual from the Western Cape was found to bear affinities with the Luxmanda sample. Babati District Babati Rural District
1575-472: The new nation were divided into smaller administrative units and were renamed regions, and the Dodoma region was established. In 1973, the Tanzanian government announced that the administrative capital would be moved from Dar es Salaam to a more central location to better serve the needs of the people. Dodoma was selected for this purpose, as it was an already established town at a major crossroads with an agreeable climate and scope for development. The same year,
1620-534: The north, Iringa region to the south, and Morogoro region to the east. Dodoma region hosts the nation's capital city, where the legislative assembly of Bunge is based. Dodoma region also hosts one of the largest universities in Tanzania: University of Dodoma . The region is the home of the Tanzanian wine industry, which is the second largest wine industry on the continent after South Africa . According to
1665-676: The region usually falls between November/December and April/May in a single rainy season. Often, storms bring strong rains that cause flash floods. The annual total precipitation ranges from 500 to 800 mm. Although the temperature in the area varies depending on elevation, it typically ranges from around 15 °C in July to 30 °C in October. There can be significant temperature changes between day and night, with afternoons reaching temperatures of up to 35 °C and nights reaching temperatures of around 10 °C. In terms of socio-economic statistics,
1710-399: The region's 4,131,100 hectares of land, are covered by natural forest reserves. The majority of these natural forest reserves are in the Chamwino (100,391 hectares), Kondoa (37,199 hectares), Bahi (28,058 hectares), Mpwapwa (22,958 hectares), Kongwa (11,883 hectares), and Chemba regions (20,500 hectares). Due to irregular and low rainfall, the Dodoma region is primarily semi-arid. Rainfall in
1755-419: The second-most significant occupation in the area, employing around 5.3% of the active population. The artisans , which account for 3.3% of the active population, rank third. Census data also reveal that street sellers and related work are expanding quickly and are among the most important jobs in the region, accounting for 1.7% of the region's population aged 10 and over. As of June 2018, the Dodoma region had
1800-578: The south east by Simanjiro District , to the south by Dodoma Region , to the south west by Hanang District , and to the north west by Mbulu District . Babati Urban District is located within the district. Babati District was established by dividing the then Hanang District into two districts - Babati and Hanang. The decision produced Babati District, which was officially documented in the Government Official Gazette No. 403 on 1 October 1985. Babati District became autonomous in July 1986 as
1845-523: Was 64.4 years; longer than average for the Tanzanian mainland (61.7 years). The agriculture industry dominates the economy of the Dodoma region, with subsistence farming as well as commercial farming. A total of 376,924 out of 450,305 private households in the area (84 percent) were involved in agriculture according to the 2012 population and housing census. These homes were primarily located in Chamwino district council (68,162 households). The percentage of households engaged in agriculture in districts within
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1890-531: Was fitted as being most closely related to a hunter-gatherer population that inhabited Ethiopia ca. 4,500 BP (under a two-population admixture scenario, with inferred ancestry proportions of 62.2–62.8% for the hunter-gather component and 37.2-37.8% for the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B component). When using a three-population admixture scenario, the African part also showed contributions from a population related to
1935-475: Was formally established in 1907 by German colonists during construction of the Tanzanian central railway . The region has a long history of famine and economic difficulties. Along with Kondoa and Singida it was struck hard by the famine of the 1910s. One report by a British officer in Dodoma in December 1916 reported that "the whole district has been ransacked for cattle". The Germans had killed 26,000 animals, and
1980-524: Was occupied between 3,200 to 2,900 years ago. Ceramics (of the Narosura type), lithics, worked bone, ivory, and ostrich eggshell assemblages in addition to livestock and human bones have been recovered from the Luxmanda site. Large grinding stones have also been found, though their function remains uncertain. [1] The people of Luxmanda were highly specialized pastoralists, relying on cattle, sheep, goats, and donkeys for subsistence. Their linguistic affiliation
2025-433: Was the seventeenth most densely populated region, with 50 people per square kilometer. Dodoma District has the largest population at 410,956 in 2012. According to NBS's (2018) population forecasts, Dodoma had a total population of 2,312,141 in 2017, of which 1,126,309 were men and 1,185,833 were women. Annual population growth is 2.1 percent on average. Dodoma region is divided into seven districts , each administered by
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