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37-687: A lunar eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow , causing the Moon to be darkened. Such an alignment occurs during an eclipse season , approximately every six months, during the full moon phase, when the Moon's orbital plane is closest to the plane of the Earth's orbit . This can occur only when the Sun , Earth, and Moon are exactly or very closely aligned (in syzygy ) with Earth between

74-567: A dragon or other wild animals from biting the Moon. In the 19th century, during a lunar eclipse, the Chinese navy fired its artillery because of this belief. During the Zhou Dynasty ( c. 1046–256 BC) in the Book of Songs , the sight of a Red Moon engulfed in darkness was believed to foreshadow famine or disease. Certain lunar eclipses have been referred to as "blood moons" in popular articles but this

111-522: A blend of silk and another fiber, often rayon or cotton . Velvet made entirely from silk is rare and usually has market prices of several hundred US dollars per yard. Cotton is also used to make velvet, though this often results in a less luxurious fabric. Velvet can also be made from fibers such as linen , mohair , and wool . A cloth made by the Kuba people of the Democratic Republic of Congo from

148-401: A fairly costly fabric. Velvet is difficult to clean because of its pile, but modern dry cleaning methods make cleaning more feasible. Velvet pile is created by cutting the warp yarns, while velveteen pile is created by cutting the weft yarns. Velvet can be made from several different kinds of fibers, the most expensive of which is silk . Much of the velvet sold today as "silk velvet" is

185-501: A silken textile fabric having a short dense piled surface. In all probability the art of velvet-weaving originated in the Far East; and it is not till about the beginning of the 14th century that we find any mention of the textile. The peculiar properties of velvet, the splendid yet softened depth of dye-colour it exhibited, at once marked it out as a fit material for ecclesiastical vestments , royal and state robes, and sumptuous hangings; and

222-405: Is a total lunar eclipse during which the Moon passes near and through the centre of Earth's shadow, contacting the antisolar point . This type of lunar eclipse is relatively rare . The relative distance of the Moon from Earth at the time of an eclipse can affect the eclipse's duration. In particular, when the Moon is near apogee , the farthest point from Earth in its orbit , its orbital speed

259-423: Is not a scientifically recognized term. This term has been given two separate, but overlapping, meanings. The meaning usually relates to the reddish color a totally eclipsed Moon takes on to observers on Earth. As sunlight penetrates the atmosphere of Earth , the gaseous layer filters and refracts the rays in such a way that the green to violet wavelengths on the visible spectrum scatter more strongly than

296-454: Is the same effect that causes sunsets and sunrises to turn the sky a reddish color. An alternative way of conceiving this scenario is to realize that, as viewed from the Moon, the Sun would appear to be setting (or rising) behind Earth. The amount of refracted light depends on the amount of dust or clouds in the atmosphere; this also controls how much light is scattered. In general, the dustier

333-557: Is the slowest. The diameter of Earth's umbra does not decrease appreciably within the changes in the Moon's orbital distance. Thus, the concurrence of a totally eclipsed Moon near apogee will lengthen the duration of totality. A selenelion or selenehelion , also called a horizontal eclipse , occurs where and when both the Sun and an eclipsed Moon can be observed at the same time. The event can only be observed just before sunset or just after sunrise , when both bodies will appear just above opposite horizons at nearly opposite points in

370-413: Is why the edges of full moons generally appear brighter than the rest of the lunar surface. This is similar to the effect of velvet fabric over a convex curved surface, which, to an observer, will appear darkest at the center of the curve. It will be true of any planetary body with little or no atmosphere and an irregular cratered surface (e.g., Mercury) when viewed opposite the Sun. Central lunar eclipse

407-450: Is woven on a special loom that weaves two thicknesses of the material at the same time; the two layers are connected with an extra warp yarn that is woven over rods or wires. The two pieces are then cut apart to create the fabric's pile, and the two lengths of fabric are wound on separate take-up rolls. This complicated process meant that velvet was expensive to make before industrial power looms became available, and well-made velvet remains

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444-475: The night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours (while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place) because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Also unlike solar eclipses, lunar eclipses are safe to view without any eye protection or special precautions. The symbol for a lunar eclipse (or any body in the shadow of another) is [REDACTED] (U+1F776 🝶). Earth's shadow can be divided into two distinctive parts:

481-630: The raffia palm is often referred to as "Kuba velvet" . Modern velvet can be polyester , nylon , viscose , acetate , or blends of synthetics and natural fibers (for example, viscose mixed with silk produces a very soft, reflective fabric). A small percentage of spandex is sometimes added to give the final material a certain amount of stretch (hence "stretch velvet"). Velvet has a thick pile and can be cut 'pile up' or 'pile down' for more shine or more saturated color. Because of its unusual softness and appearance as well as its high cost of production, velvet has often been associated with nobility. Velvet

518-549: The saros . Eclipses occur only during an eclipse season , when the Sun appears to pass near either node of the Moon's orbit . A lunar eclipse is on the Moon a solar eclipse . The occurrence makes Earth's atmosphere appear as a red ring around the dark Earth. During full moon, the phase when lunar eclipses take place, the dark side of the Earth is illuminated by the Moon and its moon light . Astronomical event Astronomical events are celestial body events such as eclipses , novae or planetary collisions studied by

555-419: The umbra and penumbra . Earth totally occludes direct solar radiation within the umbra, the central region of the shadow. However, since the Sun's diameter appears to be about one-quarter of Earth's in the lunar sky , the planet only partially blocks direct sunlight within the penumbra, the outer portion of the shadow. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into

592-570: The Earth was round and used the shadow from the lunar eclipse as evidence. Some Hindus believe in the importance of bathing in the Ganges River following an eclipse because it will help to achieve salvation . Similarly to the Mayans, the Incans believed that lunar eclipses occurred when a jaguar ate the Moon, which is why a blood moon looks red. The Incans also believed that once the jaguar finished eating

629-444: The Earth's penumbra. No part of the moon is in the Earth's umbra during this event, meaning that on all or a part of the Moon's surface facing Earth, the sun is partially blocked. The penumbra causes a subtle dimming of the lunar surface, which is only visible to the naked eye when the majority of the Moon's diameter has immersed into Earth's penumbra. A special type of penumbral eclipse is a total penumbral lunar eclipse , during which

666-471: The Earth's umbra, both it and the Sun can be observed in the sky because atmospheric refraction causes each body to appear higher (i.e., more central) in the sky than its true geometric planetary position. The timing of total lunar eclipses is determined by what are known as its "contacts" (moments of contact with Earth's shadow): The following scale (the Danjon scale ) was devised by André Danjon for rating

703-411: The Moon is in the Earth's umbra, while the other part is in the Earth's penumbra. The Moon's average orbital speed is about 1.03 km/s (2,300 mph), or a little more than its diameter per hour, so totality may last up to nearly 107 minutes. Nevertheless, the total time between the first and last contacts of the Moon's limb with Earth's shadow is much longer and could last up to 236 minutes. When

740-464: The Moon would be completely dark during the eclipse. The reddish coloration arises because sunlight reaching the Moon must pass through a long and dense layer of Earth's atmosphere, where it is scattered . Shorter wavelengths are more likely to be scattered by the air molecules and small particles ; thus, the longer wavelengths predominate by the time the light rays have penetrated the atmosphere. Human vision perceives this resulting light as red . This

777-447: The Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow, a total lunar eclipse occurs. Just prior to complete entry, the brightness of the lunar limb—the curved edge of the Moon still being hit by direct sunlight—will cause the rest of the Moon to appear comparatively dim. The moment the Moon enters a complete eclipse, the entire surface will become more or less uniformly bright, being able to reveal stars surrounding it. Later, as

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814-428: The Moon's opposite limb is struck by sunlight, the overall disk will again become obscured. This is because, as viewed from the Earth, the brightness of a lunar limb is generally greater than that of the rest of the surface due to reflections from the many surface irregularities within the limb: sunlight striking these irregularities is always reflected back in greater quantities than that striking more central parts, which

851-455: The Moon, it could come down and devour all the animals on Earth, so they would take spears and shout at the Moon to keep it away. The ancient Mesopotamians believed that a lunar eclipse was when the Moon was being attacked by seven demons. This attack was more than just one on the Moon, however, for the Mesopotamians linked what happened in the sky with what happened on the land, and because

888-400: The art was taken up by Flemish weavers, and in the sixteenth century, Bruges attained a reputation for velvets that were not inferior to those of the great Italian cities. As mechanization was incorporated into the production of textiles in the 19th century, velvet became a more attainable fabric for the middle class. The development of "double velvet" in the 1830s allowed for two pieces of

925-485: The atmosphere, the more that other wavelengths of light will be removed (compared to red light), leaving the resulting light a deeper red color. This causes the resulting coppery-red hue of the Moon to vary from one eclipse to the next. Volcanoes are notable for expelling large quantities of dust into the atmosphere, and a large eruption shortly before an eclipse can have a large effect on the resulting color. Several cultures have myths related to lunar eclipses or allude to

962-447: The entire Moon lies exclusively within Earth's penumbra. Total penumbral eclipses are rare, and when these occur, the portion of the Moon closest to the umbra may appear slightly darker than the rest of the lunar disk. When the Moon's near side penetrates partially into the Earth's umbra, it is known as a partial lunar eclipse, while a total lunar eclipse occurs when the entire Moon enters the Earth's umbra. During this event, one part of

999-423: The king of Mesopotamia represented the land, the seven demons were thought to be also attacking the king. In order to prevent this attack on the king, the Mesopotamians made someone pretend to be the king so they would be attacked instead of the true king. After the lunar eclipse was over, the substitute king was made to disappear (possibly by poisoning ). In some Chinese cultures, people would ring bells to prevent

1036-574: The lunar eclipse as being a good or bad omen . The Egyptians saw the eclipse as a sow swallowing the Moon for a short time; other cultures view the eclipse as the Moon being swallowed by other animals, such as a jaguar in Mayan tradition, or a mythical three-legged toad known as Chan Chu in China . Some societies thought it was a demon swallowing the Moon, and that they could chase it away by throwing stones and curses at it. The Ancient Greeks correctly believed

1073-521: The most magnificent textures of medieval times were Italian velvets. These were in many ways most effectively treated for ornamentation, such as by varying the colour of the pile, by producing pile of different lengths (pile upon pile, or double pile), and by brocading with plain silk, with uncut pile or with a ground of gold tissue, &c. The earliest sources of European artistic velvets were Catanzaro , Lucca , Genoa , Florence , and Venice, which continued to send out rich velvet textures. Somewhat later

1110-457: The only light that is reflected from the lunar surface is what has been refracted by the Earth's atmosphere . This light appears reddish due to the Rayleigh scattering of blue light, the same reason sunrises and sunsets are more orange than during the day. Unlike a solar eclipse , which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on

1147-405: The other two, which can happen only on the night of a full moon when the Moon is near either lunar node . The type and length of a lunar eclipse depend on the Moon's proximity to the lunar node. When the Moon is totally eclipsed by the Earth (a "deep eclipse"), it takes on a reddish color that is caused by the planet when it completely blocks direct sunlight from reaching the Moon's surface, as

Lunar eclipse - Misplaced Pages Continue

1184-413: The overall darkness of lunar eclipses: There is often confusion between a solar eclipse and a lunar eclipse. While both involve interactions between the Sun, Earth, and the Moon, they are very different in their interactions. The Moon does not completely darken as it passes through the umbra because of the refraction of sunlight by Earth's atmosphere into the shadow cone; if Earth had no atmosphere,

1221-438: The red, thus giving the Moon a reddish cast. This is possible because the rays from the Sun are able to wrap around the Earth and reflect off the Moon. At least two lunar eclipses and as many as five occur every year, although total lunar eclipses are significantly less common than partial lunar eclipses. If the date and time of an eclipse is known, the occurrences of upcoming eclipses are predictable using an eclipse cycle , like

1258-489: The ruler of Mali, wore a locally produced complete crimson velvet kaftan on Eid . During the reign of Mehmed II , assistant cooks wore blue dresses ( câme-i kebûd ), conical hats ( کلاه , külâh ) and baggy trousers ( چاقشیر , çakşır ) made from Bursa velvet. King Richard II of England directed in his will that his body should be clothed in velveto in 1399. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition described velvet and its history thus: VELVET,

1295-404: The scientific discipline of astronomy , whereas "astronomy events" refers to social events such as academic meetings , conferences and other such newsworthy occasions relating to astronomy. This category has the following 19 subcategories, out of 19 total. The following 45 pages are in this category, out of 45 total. This list may not reflect recent changes . Velvet Velvet

1332-405: The sky. A selenelion occurs during every total lunar eclipse—it is an experience of the observer , not a planetary event separate from the lunar eclipse itself. Typically, observers on Earth located on high mountain ridges undergoing false sunrise or false sunset at the same moment of a total lunar eclipse will be able to experience it. Although during selenelion the Moon is completely within

1369-656: Was introduced to Baghdad during the rule of Harun al-Rashid (786–809) by Kashmiri merchants and to Al-Andalus by Ziryab . In the Mamluk era, Cairo was the world's largest producer of velvet. Much of it was exported to Venice (whence it spread to most of Europe), Iberia and the Mali Empire . Mansa Musa , the ruler of the Mali Empire, visited Cairo on his pilgrimage to Mecca . Many Arab velvet makers accompanied him back to Timbuktu . Later Ibn Battuta mentions how Suleyman ,

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