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87-553: Lukoil is the second largest company in Russia after Gazprom , and the country's largest non-state enterprise in terms of revenue, with ₽ 4,744 billion in 2018. In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000 , Lukoil was ranked as the 99th-largest public company in the world. Internationally, it is one of the largest global producers of crude oil. In 2019, the company produced 87.488 million metric tons of oil (1.639 million barrels per day) and 35.046 billion cubic meters of natural gas. As of 2021,

174-695: A joint-venture with Gazprom and in 2008, established a joint-venture as well with Italian oil company Erg S.p.A. In 2009, Lukoil and Norwegian oil company Statoil won a tender offer for the development of the West Qurna Field in Iraq. However, in early 2012, Statoil withdrew from the project, resulting in Lukoil consolidating 75% of development of the oil field. From 2010 to February 2011, ConocoPhillips sold its whole 20% stake in Lukoil due to its difficult financial situation. In September 2012, Lukoil created

261-466: A tanker truck into each tank by gravity through a separate capped opening located on the station's perimeter. Fuel from the tanks travels to the dispenser pumps through underground pipes. For every fuel tank, direct access must be available at all times. Most tanks can be accessed through a service canal directly from the forecourt. Older stations tend to use a separate pipe for every kind of available fuel and for every dispenser. Newer stations may employ

348-573: A 45%-stake in an oil refining complex in the Netherlands. In 2020, the company was also in talks to reconstruct a refinery plant in Cameroon , which belongs to Cameroon's national refining company, Sonara. * – 49% and 45% shares respectively ‡ do not process Russian crude oil Speaking at a press conference in New York on October 18, 2006, the company's CEO Vagit Alekperov said Lukoil is refusing to build

435-545: A Mobil station in Canob Park in Richmond, Rhode Island . This led to regulations banning these types of tanks in 1985. However, tanks that ceased operation before 1986 are unlikely to have been recorded, and many underground tanks are thus unknowingly hidden beneath redeveloped land, contributing to soil, groundwater, and indoor air pollution. Because of the relatively small size of former stations (compared to larger brownfields),

522-549: A choice between full service and self service . Before 1970, full service was the norm, and self-service was rare. Today, few stations advertise or provide full service. Full service stations are more common in wealthy and upscale areas. The cost of full service is usually assessed as a fixed amount per US gallon. The first self-service station in the United States was in Los Angeles , opened in 1947 by Frank Urich. In Canada ,

609-877: A controlling stake in the Polief plant. Transportation of oil produced by Lukoil in Russia is carried out for the most part by the pipelines of Transneft , as well as by rail and water transport. Oil produced at the company's fields in Kazakhstan is transported through pipelines such as the Caspian Pipeline Consortium . Lukoil owns a number of oil and oil products terminals used for the export of oil and oil products: Lukoil sells petrol in 59 regions of Russia and in 17 other countries, both CIS and Western : Azerbaijan , Belarus , Belgium (through its subsidiary Jet until late 2008, since rebranded to Lukoil), Bulgaria , Croatia (operated by Lukoil Croatia, but under

696-545: A day. Filling stations typically offer one of three types of service to their customers: full service, minimum service or self-service. In Brazil, self-service fuel filling is illegal, due to a federal law enacted in 2000. The law was introduced by Federal Deputy Aldo Rebelo , who claims it saved 300,000 fuel attendant jobs across the country. Before 1998, filling stations in Japan were entirely full-service stations. Self-service stations were legalized in Japan in 1998 following

783-940: A development license for Nadezhda field in Baltic field, situated in Kaliningrad region aside of Continental shelf, which is booked for state companies only. In October 2021, due to ecology risks, the Russian government withdrew the decision to provide the license for geological exploration at Nadezhda field. In December 2011, Lukoil established a joint venture with Bashneft to develop the Trebs and Titov oil fields . Total recoverable reserves and oil resources from these fields are 89.73 million tons in C1 category, 50.33 million tons in C2 category and 59.29 million tons in category C3. The operator of Lukoil's foreign projects in

870-491: A former filling station can lower property values, discourage development of land, and depress neighbouring property values and potential tax revenue. When areas are known to be contaminated by leaking underground storage tanks, the sale value of the land and neighbouring area drops. An analysis of residential properties in Cuyahoga County, Ohio estimated the loss at about 17% when within 300 feet (91 m) or one block of

957-421: A high-income mixed economy with state ownership in strategic areas of the economy. Market reforms in the 1990s privatized much of Russian industry and agriculture , with notable exceptions to this privatization occurring in the energy and defense-related sectors. Russia's vast geography is an important determinant of its economic activity, with some sources estimating that Russia contains over 30 percent of

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1044-540: A hospital window. This was not long after board member Alexander Subbotin had died an unusual death. Maganov's replacement as chairman, Vladimir Ivanovich Nekrasov, died suddenly in October 2023. In March 2024, vice president Vitaly Robertus died suddenly. In March 2022, Toby Gati , Roger Munnings and Wolfgang Schüssel left the board of directors due to International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War . During

1131-474: A lower fuel consumption are ordered not directly from an oil company, but from an intermediary. Many premium brands have fully automated pay-at-the-pump facilities. Premium stations tend to be highly visible from highway and freeway exits, utilizing tall signs to display their brand logos. Discount brands are often smaller, regional chains or independent stations, offering lower fuel prices. Most purchase wholesale commodity gasoline from independent suppliers or

1218-861: A new refinery in Russia. According to him, "at this stage it is inexpedient and economically inefficient." At the same time, Lukoil planned to build a large complex in Kalmykia for the processing of natural gas from the North Caspian fields worth over $ 3 billion. The work was supposed to start in the spring of 2008. Also in March 2007, Lukoil announced it would expand the capacity in the Lukoil Neftochim Burgas refinery in Burgas , Bulgaria from 7.5 million tons to 10 million tons of oil per year. The Lukoil ISAB refinery in Italy

1305-463: A pre-payment or a payment at the pump during night hours. In the Republic of Ireland, most stations allow customers to pump fuel before paying. Some stations have pay-at-the-pump facilities. A large majority of stations allow customers to pay with a chip and pin payment card or pay in the shop. Many have a pay at the pump system, where customers can enter their PIN prior to refueling. Pre-payment

1392-1053: A registered leaking tank. Active filling stations have similar negative effects on property values, with an analysis in Xuancheng , China finding a loss of 16% within 100 metres (330 ft) and 9% when between 301 metres (988 ft) and 600 metres (2,000 ft). In the United States and Canada, there are generally two marketing types of filling stations: premium brands and discount brands. Filling stations with premium brands sell well-recognized and often international brands of fuel, including Exxon / Mobil and its Esso brand, Phillips 66/Conoco/76 , Chevron , Mobil , Shell , Husky Energy , Sunoco (US), BP , Valero and Texaco . Non-international premium brands include Petrobras , Petro-Canada (owned by Suncor Energy Canada), QuikTrip , Hess , Sinclair , and Pemex . Premium-brand stations accept credit cards , often issue their own company cards ( fuel cards or fleet cards) and may charge higher prices. In some cases, fuel cards for customers with

1479-507: A result of international sanctions during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . On 21 April 2022, Lukoil issued a statement saying that president Vagit Alekperov had stepped down and resigned from the board of directors after 29 years. The Norway state-owned oil company Equinor exited the last of their joint ventures in Russia by withdrawing the joint venture with Lukoil and exiting the Kharyaga project on 2 September 2022. In 2023 Lukoil

1566-788: A shared service centre in the Czech Republic to provide accounting services to its subsidiaries in Belgium , Poland , and Bulgaria . In December 2012, Lukoil bought the Imilor field for ₽ 50.8 billion in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug to explore and develop the hydrocarbon deposits located there. In February 2013, Lukoil sold the Odesa Oil Refinery to the Ukrainian "East European Fuel and Energy Company" (VETEK). For Lukoil,

1653-402: A single pipe for every dispenser. This pipe houses a number of smaller pipes for the individual fuel types. Fuel tanks, dispenser and nozzles used to fill car tanks employ vapor recovery systems, which prevents releases of vapor into the atmosphere with a system of pipes. The exhausts are placed as high as possible. A vapor recovery system may be employed at the exhaust pipe. This system collects

1740-456: A small selection of grocery items, such as milk or eggs. Some also sell propane or butane and have added shops to their primary business. Conversely, some chain stores , such as supermarkets , discount stores , warehouse clubs , or traditional convenience stores, have provided fuel pumps on the premises. In North America the fuel is known as "gasoline" or "gas" for short, and the terms " gas station " and " service station " are used in

1827-421: A special membership card to be eligible for the discounted price, or pay only with the chain's cash card , debt card or a credit card issuer exclusive to that chain. In some areas, such as New Jersey , this practice is illegal, and stations are required to sell to all at the same price. Some convenience stores, such as 7-Eleven and Circle K , have co-branded their stations with one of the premium brands. After

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1914-401: A variety of services, such as providing bottled water or tissues, and cleaning free of charge. But most have switched to self-service. Some large full-service stations have many services, such as tire pressure charging, automatic car washing, and self-cleaning. Some of them are free to gas customers who spend more than a certain amount. In the past, filling stations in the United States offered

2001-617: Is at the filling station next to Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst in Wrightstown . New Jersey prohibited self-service in 1949, with the passage of "Retail Gasoline Dispensing Safety Act," after lobbying by service station owners. That laws states that "Because of the fire hazards directly associated with dispensing fuel, it is in the public interest that gasoline station operators have the control needed over that activity to ensure compliance with appropriate safety procedures, including turning off vehicle engines and refraining from smoking while fuel

2088-435: Is dispensed." Proponents of the prohibition cite safety and jobs as reasons to keep the ban. Of note, the ban does not apply to the pumping of diesel fuel at filling stations (though individual filling stations may prohibit this); nor does it apply to the pumping of gasoline into boats or aircraft. Oregon prohibited self-service in a 1951 statute prohibiting that listed 17 different justifications, including flammability ,

2175-562: Is one of the founders of the Russian Olympians Support Fund. In February 2014, Lukoil signed an agreement with the government of Arkhangelsk Oblast about supporting Vodnik . In July 2010, the top managers of the company owned the largest stake (more than 30%) of the company's shares : CEO Vagit Alekperov owning 20.6% and vice-president Leonid Fedun owning 9.8%. The American oil company ConocoPhillips owned 19.21% but due to financial difficulties, completely withdrew from

2262-435: Is pay-at-pump only. Customers at the supermarket will receive a discount voucher which offers discounted fuel at their forecourt. The amount of discount varies depending on the amount spent on groceries at the supermarket, but normally starts at 4 cents a litre. In New Zealand, BP has an app for smartphones that detects a user's location, then allows one to select the type of fuel, which pump, and how much to spend. The amount

2349-402: Is planning to double the production of oil from the Iraq project, West Qurna Field 2, to 800,000 bpd. The company's proved hydrocarbon reserves as of January 1, 2011 amounted to 17.255 billion barrels of oil equivalent , including 13.319 billion barrels of petroleum and 0.67 trillion cubic meters of natural gas . In terms of proved oil reserves, Lukoil, according to its own information,

2436-475: Is some evidence that living near a filling station is a risk for childhood leukemia . In addition to long-term exposure, there are bursts of short-term exposures to benzene when tanker trucks deliver fuel. High levels of benzene have been detected near stations across urban, suburban, and rural environments, though the causes (such as road traffic or congestion) can vary by location. Gas station attendants have suffered adverse health consequences depending on

2523-547: Is still known as Esso (the forerunner company name, Standard Oil or S.O.) in many places, most noticeably in Canada and Singapore. In Brazil, the main operators are Vibra Energia and Ipiranga , but Esso and Shell ( Raízen ) are also present. In Mexico, the historical monopoly filling station operator, and still the largest, is Pemex , but ever since Mexico's energy laws were gradually liberalized starting from 2013, foreign brands such as Shell, BP , Mobil and Chevron , as well as

2610-829: Is the government-owned Pertamina , although other companies such as TotalEnergies and Shell are increasingly found in big cities such as the capital Jakarta or Surabaya . In Taiwan, the government-owned CPC Corporation is the dominant player by number of stations, with the privately owned and operated Formosa Petrochemical Corporation and NPC  [ zh ] respectively in second and third place. Some companies, such as Shell, use their brand worldwide, however, Chevron uses its inherited brand Caltex in Asia Pacific, Australia and Africa, and its Texaco brand in Europe and Latin America. ExxonMobil uses its Exxon and Mobil brands but

2697-454: Is the norm in the US and customers may typically pay either at the pump or inside the gas station. Modern stations have pay-at-the-pump functions: in most cases credit, debit , ATM cards, fuel cards and fleet cards are accepted. Occasionally a station will have a pay-at-the-pump-only period per day, when attendants are not present, often at night, and some stations are pay-at-the-pump only 24 hours

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2784-434: Is then deducted from the user's account. In British Columbia and Alberta, it is a legal requirement that customers either pre-pay for the fuel or pay at the pump. The law is called "Grant's Law" and is intended to prevent "gas-and-dash" crimes, where a customer refuels and then drives away without paying for it. In other provinces, payment after filling is permitted and widely available, though some stations may require either

2871-430: The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , the chairman of Lukoil Ravil Maganov had criticised the Russian attack on Ukraine. On 1 September 2022 he was found dead outside his hospital window the day that President Putin visited the hospital. Nearby video cameras had been turned off. The company has acknowledged the death in a statement saying that Ravil Maganov: "passed away following a severe illness". The refinery in Italy

2958-489: The Aral Sea , stating "The Aral Sea is largely unknown, but it holds a lot of promise in terms of finding oil and gas. There is risk of course but we believe in the success of this unique project". In December 2006, Lukoil announced the acquisition of 376 filling stations in six European countries : Belgium , the Czech Republic , Finland , Hungary , Poland , and Slovakia , from ConocoPhillips. In 2007, Lukoil established

3045-569: The Astrakhan Oblast and 62% of the Krasnodar Krai . Its main power generation subsidiaries are Lukoil-Volgogradenergo, Lukoil-Rostovenergo, Luikoil-Kubanenergo, Lukoil-Astrakhanenergo, and Lukoil-Stavropolenergo. Lukoil operates two solar power plants at its own refineries in Romania and Bulgaria with respective capacity of 9 MW and 1.3 MW. A 10-MW solar plant is under construction at

3132-564: The Austrian company AMIC Energy Management , which was announced at the end of July 2014. In 2014, Lukoil sold its service stations in the Czech Republic , Slovakia , and Hungary . In 2015, it sold its service stations in Estonia and Ukraine , and in 2016, it sold its service stations in Latvia , Lithuania , Poland , and Cyprus . In March 2022, Lukoil's market stock price dropped 95 percent, as

3219-510: The Lawson convenience store branding ). Previously, foreign filling station brands were also present in Japan: mainly Shell (operated by Idemitsu since its acquisition of Showa Shell Sekiyu in 2018–19, all rebranded to apollostation by 2023), Esso and Mobil (last operated by ENEOS Corporation under license from ExxonMobil, all rebranded to ENEOS in 2019). Most service stations allow the customer to pump

3306-466: The United Kingdom , and Ireland , the term " service station " describes any petrol station; Australians and New Zealanders also call it a " servo ". In India , Pakistan and Bangladesh , it is called a " petrol pump " or a " petrol bunk ". In Japanese , a commonly used term is gasoline stand although the abbreviation SS (for service station ) is also used. The first known filling station

3393-684: The United States , Canada , and the Caribbean. In some regions of Canada, the term " gas bar " (or "gasbar") is used. In the rest of the English-speaking world the fuel is known as "petrol", and the term " petrol station " or " petrol pump " is used. In the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand and South Africa " garage " and " forecourt " are still commonly used. Similarly, in Australia , New Zealand ,

3480-695: The Volgograd Refinery . It also owns an 84-MW wind farm in Topolog , Romania. Lukoil has been titular sponsor of FC Spartak Moscow since 2000. In August 2022, the company acquired ownership of the club (100% of the shares) along with the Otkritie Arena stadium. In particular, the company sponsors the Volgograd water polo club Lukoil-Spartak. Lukoil also sponsors the Russian Olympic Committee and

3567-420: The central nervous system , and chlorinated solvents can cause liver and kidney problems. Benzene in particular causes leukemia and is associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma . People who work in filling stations, live near them, or attend school close to them are exposed to fumes and are at increased lifetime risk of cancer, with risk increased if there are multiple stations nearby. There

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3654-743: The shareholders of Lukoil, selling its shares, and in part to Lukoil itself by February 2011. The remaining shares were freely traded on the London Stock Exchange , the Frankfurt Stock Exchange , the Russian Trading System , and the Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange . Market capitalization of the company was $ 60.4 billion as of June 2018. List of directors that were elected on June 21, 2018: In September 2022, chairman Ravil Maganov died after falling from

3741-533: The 1980s in Eastern Europe and especially in Soviet Union, but they were not built in other parts of Europe due to the stations' lack of safety in case of fire. The construction model for underground modular filling station makes the installation time shorter, designing easier and manufacturing less expensive. As a proof of the model's installation speed an unofficial world record of filling station installation

3828-462: The Gulf Oil company was sold to Chevron, northeastern retail units were sold off as a chain, with Cumberland Farms controlling the remaining Gulf Oil outlets in the United States. Some countries have only one brand of filling station. In Malaysia, Shell is the dominant player by number of stations, with government-owned Petronas coming in second. In Indonesia, the dominant player by number of stations

3915-634: The abolition of the Special Petroleum Law, which led to the deregulation of the petroleum industry in Japan. Under current safety regulations, while motorists are able to self-dispense fuel at self-service stations, generally identified in Japanese as serufu ( セルフ ) , at least one fuel attendant must be on hand to keep watch over potential safety violations and to render assistance to motorists whenever necessary. Filling stations in South Korea offer

4002-479: The auction, Lukoil and ConocoPhillips announced the creation of a strategic alliance. Later, the American company increased its stake to 20% in Lukoil and sold to the Russian company part of its network of gas stations in the United States and Western Europe . The two oil companies also agreed to jointly develop an oil and gas field in the northern Timan-Pechora area of Russia ( Komi Republic ) and intended to secure

4089-436: The brand name "Europa-Mil"), Finland ( Teboil ), Georgia , Italy , Luxembourg , Moldova , Montenegro , Netherlands , North Macedonia , Romania , Serbia , Turkey and the United States . As of January 2014, it had 166 tank farms and 5,867 filling stations. Lukoil has the aggregate power generation capacity of 5,800 MW, of which 73% is for commercial use. Lukoil generates about 99% of electrical power of

4176-512: The company had operations and subsidiaries in more than 30 countries around the world. In 2022, the company's revenue amounted to 2.9 trillion rubles. In 2024, LUKOIL left the Hungarian market, and was replaced with Orlen . " Langepas , Uray , and Kogalym " oil (Lukoil) was established by the USSR Council of Ministers Decree No. 18 on November 25, 1991, as a state-owned enterprise. In

4263-425: The control of a network of gas stations in the United States as well as the first time Lukoil enters the American oil market. In September 2004, ConocoPhillips purchased a 7.6% stake in Lukoil for about $ 2 billion. According to some commentators, the sale of this deal was planned before in a personal meeting between Russian President Vladimir Putin and ConocoPhillips' president and CEO , James Mulva . After

4350-409: The cost-per-acre to rehabilitate the land is higher; the total cost in the United States is not known but is in the billions of dollars. Individual cleanups may be complex, with some in Canada taking decades and costing millions of dollars both for the cleanup efforts and in legal fees to determine whether individuals, governments, or corporations are liable for costs. The cost of potential cleanup of

4437-463: The country's largest convenience store chain Oxxo , have also started operating filling stations. In the United Kingdom, the three largest are BP, Esso and Shell; the "Big Four" supermarket chains, Morrisons , Sainsbury's , Asda and Tesco , also operate filling stations, as well as some smaller supermarket chains such as The Co-operative Group and Waitrose . In Poland, the three largest operators are

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4524-579: The country. In the mid-1960s in Moscow there were about 250 stations. A significant boost in retail network development occurred with the mass launch of the car " Zhiguli " at the Volga Automobile Plant , which was built in Tolyatti in 1970. Gasoline for other than non-private cars was sold for ration cards only. This type of payment system stopped in the midst of perestroika in the early 1990s. Since

4611-965: The country. The industry and sector follow the Industry Classification Benchmark taxonomy. Organizations which have ceased operations are included and noted as defunct.   Active firms   State-owned firms   Defunct firms Filling station A filling station (also known as a gas station [ US ] or petrol station [ UK ]) is a facility that sells fuel and engine lubricants for motor vehicles . The most common fuels sold are gasoline (or petrol) and diesel fuel . Fuel dispensers are used to pump gasoline, diesel, compressed natural gas , compressed hydrogen , hydrogen compressed natural gas , liquefied petroleum gas , liquid hydrogen , kerosene , alcohol fuels (like methanol , ethanol , butanol , and propanol ), biofuels (like straight vegetable oil and biodiesel ), or other types of fuel into

4698-469: The data from the dispenser may be transmitted via RS-232 , RS-485 or Ethernet to the point of sale, usually inside the filling station's building, and fed into the station's cash register operating system. The cash register system gives a limited control over the gasoline pump, and is usually limited to allowing the clerks to turn the pumps on and off. A separate system is used to monitor the fuel tank's status and quantities of fuel. With sensors directly in

4785-667: The development and production of the second stage of the West Qurna -2 oil field. After Saddam Hussein 's regime was overthrown, the project was suspended and later terminated. In 1999, Lukoil acquired numerous enterprises such as the Odesa Oil Refinery in Ukraine , the Burgas Oil Refinery in Bulgaria , and KomiTEK. In 2000, Lukoil acquired the distribution and marketing operations of American oil company Getty Oil . This resulted in

4872-524: The dual Shell- Coles Express branding). Smaller operators include Costco , Liberty Oil , Seven & i Holdings (operates servos under the 7-Eleven convenience store branding) and Shell Australia . In India, the three major operators are the state-owned Hindustan Petroleum , Bharat Petroleum and Indian Oil Corporation , which together control approximately 87% of the market. Foreign brands such as BP (joint venture with Reliance Industries , branded as Jio-bp ) and Shell are also present. In Japan,

4959-984: The exploration and production sector is its subsidiary, Lukoil Overseas. Lukoil is involved in the implementation of 16 projects for the exploration and development of structures and deposits in the following countries: The extraction of hydrocarbons from all the above projects is carried out only in Kazakhstan (5.5 million tons of oil and 1.9 billion cubic meters in 2006) and Egypt (0.2 million tons). Lukoil owns seven oil-processing companies in Eastern Europe with total capacity of 82.1 million tons per year. In Russia it owns large refineries in Volgograd , Perm , Nizhny Novgorod , and Ukhta refineries and mini-refineries in Uray and Kogalym. It also owns refineries in Bulgaria and Romania and has

5046-521: The first company to begin offering shares of stock on the new Russian Trading System . The Filanovsky oil field was discovered and operated by Lukoil. In 1995, Lukoil controlled the stakes of nine oil-producing, marketing and service enterprises in Western Siberia , the Urals , and Volgograd Oblast in order to abide by Government Decree No. 861 of September 1, 1995. In the same year, a 5% stake of Lukoil

5133-536: The first self-service station opened in Winnipeg , Manitoba , in 1949. It was operated by the independent company Henderson Thriftway Petroleum, owned by Bill Henderson. In New Jersey, filling stations offer only full service (and mini service); attendants there are required to pump gasoline for customers. Customers, in fact, are prohibited by law from pumping their own gasoline. The only exception to this within New Jersey

5220-516: The first to distribute free road maps. The first alternative fuel station was opened in San Diego , California , by Pearson Fuels in 2003. Maryland officials said that on September 26, 2019, RS Automotive in Takoma Park , Maryland became the first filling station in the country to convert to an EV charging station . The majority of filling stations are built in a similar manner, with most of

5307-616: The four major operators are: Cosmo Oil , Idemitsu (under the brand names apollostation and Idemitsu ), ENEOS Corporation (under the brand names ENEOS , Express and General ) and San-Ai Oil (under the brand name Kygnus ). Smaller operators include: Japan Agricultural Cooperatives (under the brand name JA-SS  [ ja ] , except in Hokkaido where the brand name is Hokuren-SS ( ホクレンSS ) operated by Hokuren Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives  [ ja ] ) and Mitsubishi Group (operates self-service stations under

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5394-411: The fuel before paying. In recent years, some service stations have required customers to purchase their fuel first. In some small towns, the customer may hand the cash to the attendant on the forecourt if they are paying for a set amount of fuel and have no change; but usually customers will enter the service centre to pay a cashier. Some supermarkets have their own forecourts which are unmanned and payment

5481-468: The fuel tank, the data is fed to a terminal in the back room, where it can be downloaded or printed out. Sometimes this method is bypassed, with the fuel tank data transmitted directly to an external database. The underground modular filling station is a construction model for filling stations that was developed and patented by U-Cont Oy Ltd in Finland in 1993. Afterwards the same system was used in Florida , US. Above-ground modular stations were built in

5568-424: The fueling installation underground, pump machines in the forecourt and a point of service inside a building. Single or multiple fuel tanks are usually deployed underground. Local regulations and environmental concerns may require a different method, with some stations storing their fuel in container tanks, entrenched surface tanks or unprotected fuel tanks deployed on the surface. Fuel is usually offloaded from

5655-649: The major petroleum companies. Lower-priced stations are also found at some supermarkets ( Albertsons , Kroger , Big Y , Ingles , Lowes Foods , Giant , Weis Markets , Safeway , Hy-Vee , Vons , Meijer , Loblaws/Real Canadian Superstore , and Giant Eagle ), convenience stores ( 7-Eleven , Circle K , Cumberland Farms , QuickChek , Road Ranger , Sheetz , Speedway and Wawa ), discount stores ( Walmart , Canadian Tire ) and warehouse clubs ( Costco , Sam's Club , and BJ's Wholesale Club ). At some stations (such as Vons , Costco gas stations, BJ's Wholesale Club , or Sam's Club ), consumers are required to hold

5742-413: The motoring public in Pittsburgh on December 1, 1913, at Baum Boulevard and St Clair's Street. Prior to this, automobile drivers pulled into almost any general or hardware store, or even blacksmith shops in order to fill up their tanks. On its first day, the station sold 30 US gallons (110 L) of gasoline at 27 cents per gallon (7 cents per litre). This was also the first architect-designed station and

5829-416: The new company, three oil production companies, Langepasneftegaz, Uraineftegaz, and Kogalymneftegaz, processing company Permnefteorgsintez, and the Volgograd and Novosibirsk refineries, were merged (the latter soon came under the control of the authorities of Bashkortostan ). The central figure in the company's founding was the Soviet deputy minister of oil production Vagit Alekperov . He came to believe

5916-449: The oil refinery was unprofitable when production was stopped as early as October 2010 and the refinery finally closed in the summer of 2013. In April 2013, Lukoil agreed to buy Hess Corporation 's Russian unit for $ 2.05 billion. In 2014, the company faced a sharp decline in retail sales in Ukraine by 42%, caused by Russian intervention in Ukraine . As a result, the management of Lukoil agreed to sell 100% of its subsidiary Lukoil Ukraine to

6003-474: The only way Russians could compete against western companies was to copy their business model. That meant vertically integrating the three branches of the industry—exploration, refining, and distribution—that were strictly separate under the old Soviet system. On April 5, 1993, Lukoil transformed itself from a state-owned enterprise to a private open joint-stock company based on Presidential Decree No. 1403 of November 17, 1992. In 1994, Lukoil became

6090-429: The partially state-owned PKN Orlen (including acquisitions Grupa Lotos and PGNiG ), followed by Shell and BP. Smaller operators include Auchan , AVIA International  [ de ] , Circle K , MOL Group and Żabka . In Australia, the major operators are Ampol , BP, Chevron Australia ( Caltex ), EG Australia , ExxonMobil Australia (Mobil), Puma Energy , United Petroleum and Viva Energy (mostly under

6177-404: The pavement, as little of it as possible should remain. Any liquids present on the forecourt will flow into a channel drain before it enters a petrol interceptor which is designed to capture any hydrocarbon pollutants and filter these from rainwater which may then proceed to a sanitary sewer , stormwater drain , or to ground. If a filling station allows customers to pay at the dispenser,

6264-505: The rights to develop the West Qurna Field in Iraq, one of the country's largest. Uzbekistan's deputy prime minister Ergash Shaismatov announced on 30 August 2006 that the Uzbek government and an international consortium consisting of state-run Uzbekneftegaz , Lukoil Overseas, Petronas , Korea National Oil Corporation , and China National Petroleum Corporation signed a production sharing agreement to explore and develop oil and gas fields in

6351-620: The risk of crime from customers leaving their vehicles, toxic fumes, and the jobs created by requiring mini service. In 1982 Oregon voters rejected a ballot measure sponsored by the service station owners, which would have legalized self-service. Oregon legislators passed a bill that was signed into law by the Governor in May 2017 to allow self-service for counties with a total population of 40,000 or less beginning in January 2018. Governor Tina Kotek passed

6438-444: The saturation of automobile filling stations in Russia is insufficient and lags behind the leading countries of the world, there is a need to accommodate new stations in the cities and along the roads of different levels. The increase in automobile ownership after Henry Ford started to sell automobiles that the middle class could afford resulted in an increased demand for filling stations. The world's first purpose-built gas station

6525-422: The surrounding soil and water, posing health risks. Areas formerly occupied by stations are often contaminated, resulting in brownfields and urban blight . Underground storage tanks (USTs) were typically made of steel and were common in the United States, but were prone to corrosion. They received national attention in 1983 after an episode of 60 Minutes documented significant drinking water contamination from

6612-516: The tanks within vehicles and calculate the financial cost of the fuel transferred to the vehicle. Besides gasoline pumps, one other significant device which is also found in filling stations and can refuel certain (compressed-air) vehicles is an air compressor , although generally these are just used to inflate car tires . Many filling stations provide convenience stores , which may sell convenience food , beverages , tobacco products, lottery tickets , newspapers , magazines , and, in some cases,

6699-416: The type of fuel used, exposure to vehicle exhaust, and types of personal protective equipment (PPE) offered. Studies have noted higher levels of chromosomal deletions and higher rates of miscarriage , and workers have reported headaches, fatigue, throat irritation and depression. Exposure to exhaust and fumes has been associated with eye irritation, nausea, dizziness, and cough. Gasoline can leak into

6786-441: The vapors, liquefies them and releases them back into the lowest grade fuel tank available. The forecourt is the part of a filling station where vehicles are refueled. Gasoline pumps are placed on concrete plinths, as a precautionary measure against collision by motor vehicles. Additional elements may be employed, including metal barriers. The area around the gasoline pumps must have a drainage system. Since fuel sometimes spills onto

6873-609: The world's natural resources. The World Bank estimates the total value of Russia's natural resources at US$ 75 trillion. Russia relies on energy revenues to drive most of its growth. Russia has an abundance of petroleum , natural gas and precious metals , which make up a major share of Russia's exports. As of 2012 the oil-and-gas sector accounted for 16% of the GDP , 52% of federal budget revenues and over 70% of total exports.   State-owned enterprise This list includes notable companies with primary headquarters located in

6960-696: Was constructed in St. Louis , Missouri , in 1905 at 420 South Theresa Avenue. The second station was constructed in 1907 by Standard Oil of California (now Chevron ) in Seattle , Washington , at what is now Pier 32. Reighard's Gas Station in Altoona , Pennsylvania claims that it dates from 1909 and is the oldest existing filling station in the United States. Early on, they were known to motorists as "filling stations" and often washed vehicle windows for free. The first "drive-in" filling station, Gulf Refining Company , opened to

7047-565: Was located on Ana Costa Avenue, in front of the beach, in a corner that is located by the Hotel Atlântico, which occupies its area nowadays. It was owned by Esso and brought by Antonio Duarte Moreira, a taxi entrepreneur. In Russia , the first filling stations appeared in 1911, when the Imperial Automobile Society signed an agreement with the partnership "Br. Nobel". By 1914 about 440 stations functioned in major cities across

7134-601: Was made by U-Cont Oy Ltd when a modular filling station was built in Helsinki, Finland in less than three days, including groundwork. The safety of modular filling stations has been tested in a filling station simulator, in Kuopio , Finland. These tests have included for instance burning cars and explosions in the station simulator. Gasoline contains a mixture of BTEX hydrocarbons ( benzene , toluene , ethylbenzene , xylenes ). Prolonged exposure to toluene can cause permanent damage to

7221-461: Was sold by the state with a minimum excess of the starting price in an auction. In November 1995, Lukoil filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to issue American depositary receipts on Western stock markets. This allowed United States investors for the first time, to be able to buy shares in a Russian company. In 1997, Lukoil signed a contract with the Iraqi Ministry of Oil for

7308-572: Was sold in 2023, the one in Bulgaria was allowed to continue after agreeing to pay taxes in Bulgaria and the refinery in Romania was permitted to continue provided it only refined non-Russian oil. In September 2023, the Bulgarian authorities transferred the Rosenets port oil terminal under state control. By decision of parliament, Lukoil's 35-year concession was terminated early without payment of compensation. List of companies of Russia Russia has

7395-612: Was sold in 2023. The subsidiary company Lukoil-Neftekhim specializes in petrochemistry , and operates the Stavrolen ( Budyonnovsk ), Saratovorgsintez, and the Karpatneftekhim ( Kalush , Ukraine ) petrochemical plants. Petrochemical facilities are also part of the Neftochim Burgas Combine in Bulgaria. "Lukoil" is the largest producer of alkene and acrylonitrile in Eastern Europe. Together with Sibur , Lukoil-Neftekhim owns

7482-592: Was the city pharmacy in Wiesloch , Germany , where Bertha Benz refilled the tank of the first automobile on its maiden trip from Mannheim to Pforzheim back in 1888. Shortly thereafter other pharmacies sold gasoline as a side business. Since 2008 the Bertha Benz Memorial Route commemorates this event. The first " posto de gasolina " of South America was opened in Santos, São Paulo , Brazil, in 1920. It

7569-475: Was the sixth-largest private oil company in the world at the time. In addition, probable hydrocarbon reserves as of January 1, 2011 were 8.46 billion barrels of oil equivalent (including oil 6.47 billion barrels of petroleum and 0.34 trillion cubic meters of natural gas). Possible reserves were 3.17 billion barrels of oil equivalent (including 2.78 billion barrels of petroleum and 65.7 billion cubic meters of natural gas). Since 2016, Lukoil has been trying to get

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