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46-497: Argüello was born at Presidio of San Francisco (in present-day San Francisco ), Alta California, to José Darío Argüello and Maria Ygnacia Moraga, members of one of the most distinguished and influential families in early California history. His father founded the Pueblo de Los Angeles , and served as Governor of Alta California and later of Baja California . In August, 1806, Argüello succeeded his father as Commandant of California with

92-467: A Russian promoter of the colonization of Alaska and California. Argüello and his second wife Maria Soledad Ortega de Argüello inherited his parents 35,240-acre (142.6 km) Spanish Rancho land grant of 1795 named Rancho de las Pulgas , encompassing present day San Mateo , Belmont , San Carlos , Redwood City , Atherton , and Menlo Park . Though Luis never actually lived there, his widow and children settled there after his death. Josefa Arguello

138-475: A church for the town he made, in 1840 Vallejo had a small chapel built were the original parish church was. In World War II , the United States liberty ship SS Luis Argüello was named in his honor. Presidio of San Francisco, California The Presidio of San Francisco (originally, El Presidio Real de San Francisco or The Royal Fortress of Saint Francis ) is a park and former U.S. Army post on

184-660: A former airfield, has undergone extensive restoration and is now a popular recreational area. It borders on the San Francisco Marina in the east and on the Golden Gate Bridge in the west. The park has a large inventory of approximately 800 buildings, many of them historical. By 2004, about 50% of the buildings on park grounds had been restored and partially remodeled. The Presidio Trust has contracted commercial real estate management companies to help attract and retain residential and commercial tenants. The total capacity

230-485: A former soldier at the San Francisco Presidio and one-time alcalde of the Pueblo of San José . The grant was reconfirmed by Governor José Figueroa in 1834 to the heirs of Francisco Castro, including Víctor Castro . The San Pablo grant covered what is now Richmond , San Pablo , El Cerrito , and Kensington in western Contra Costa County. The land had previously been grazing land for cattle belonging to

276-547: A four-pound cannon, arrived at La Purisima Mission in the morning, intent on violently crushing the rebellion. Argüello, had had enough chaos in his country's new territory, and so had given the orders for the Chumash rebellion to be quelled with bloodshed, if necessary. In 1824, Rancho Bolsa de San Cayetano was a 8,896-acre (36.00 km) land granted in present-day Monterey County, California near Monterey Bay by Argüello to Ygnacio Ferrer Vallejo Rancho Bolsa de San Cayetano

322-422: A habitat for flora and fauna, previously not in the site's evidence. It also restored a historic grass airfield that became a culturally significant military airfield between 1919 and 1936. The park at Crissy Field expanded and widened the recreational opportunities of the existing 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 -mile (2.4 km) San Francisco shore to a broader number of Presidio residents and visitors. A major component of

368-649: A high-tech Presidio museum and a 7-acre (2.8 ha) "Great Lawn" that is now open to the public. In 2007, Donald Fisher , founder of the Gap clothing stores and former board member of the Presidio Trust, announced a plan to build a 100,000-square-foot (9,300 m ) museum tentatively named the Contemporary Art Museum of the Presidio, to house his art collection. Due to opposition, Fisher withdrew his plans to build

414-532: A lack of Spanish military posts above San Francisco Bay made it hard for Argüello to stop this northern activity and the possibility of them trading with the Spanish Missions . His brother was Santiago Argüello , who was commandant of the Presidio of San Diego and alcalde (mayor) of Pueblo de San Diego . His sister Concepción Argüello (1791–1857) was noted for her romance with Nikolai Rezanov (1764–1807),

460-600: A military reduction program under the Base Realignment and Closure ( BRAC ) process from 1988, Congress voted to end the Presidio's status as an active military installation of the U.S. Army . On October 1, 1994, it was transferred to the National Park Service , ending 219 years of military use and beginning its next phase of mixed commercial and public use. In 1996, the United States Congress created

506-573: A robust Mexican presence north of the San Francisco Bay to keep the Russians who had established Fort Ross on the Pacific coast from moving further inland and down the coast. General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo later closed the mission in 1834–1835, he took the roof titles for his own home, others joined in taking parts of the buildings and it turned to ruins, later being completely torn down. In need of

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552-678: A significant agreement with Lucasfilm to build a new facility called the Letterman Digital Arts Center (LDAC), which is now Lucasfilm's corporate headquarters. The site replaced portions of what was the Letterman Hospital. George Lucas won the development rights for 15 acres (6.1 ha) of the Presidio, in June 1999, after beating out several rival plans, including a leading proposal by the Shorenstein Company. LDAC replaced

598-503: Is estimated at 5,000 residents when all buildings have been rehabilitated. Among the Presidio's residents is The Bay School of San Francisco, a private, coeducational college preparatory school located in the central Main Post area. Others include The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation , Tides Foundation , the Arion Press , Sports Basement Presidio, and The Walt Disney Family Museum , a museum in

644-399: Is estimated that there may be at least four coyote families living in the park. The visitor centers are operated by the National Park Service : Crissy Field Center (former Air Service / Air Corps / Army Air Forces airfield) is an urban environmental education center with programs for schools, public workshops, after-school programs, summer camps, and more. The center is operated by

690-512: Is now Richmond , San Pablo , and Kensington in western Contra Costa County. In 1823, Argüello gave a land grant of Rancho Las Cienegas , at a size of 4,439-acre (17.96 km) in present-day Los Angeles County, California to Francisco Avila Argüello was Governor at the time of the Chumash Revolt of 1824 . Nearly a month after the initial revolt on February 21, 1824, a company of 100 Mexican soldiers, cavalrymen and priests, as well as

736-702: Is the San Francisco National Cemetery . Among the military personnel interred there are General Frederick Funston , hero of the Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War , and commanding officer of the Presidio at the time of the 1906 earthquake ; and General Irvin McDowell , a Union Army commander who lost the First Battle of Bull Run . The Marine Hospital operated a cemetery for merchant seamen approximately 100–250 yards (91–229 m) from

782-469: The Golden Gate Bridge , San Francisco Bay, and the Pacific Ocean . It was recognized as a California Historical Landmark in 1933 and as a National Historic Landmark in 1962. The Presidio was originally a Spanish fort sited by Juan Bautista de Anza on March 28, 1776, built by a party led by José Joaquín Moraga later that year. The limestone used to build the presidio was mined by Ohlones at

828-496: The Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy and overlooks a restored tidal marsh . The facilities include interactive environmental exhibits, a media lab, a resource library, an art workshop, a science lab, a gathering room, a teaching kitchen, a café, and a bookstore. The landscape of Crissy Field was designed by George Hargreaves . The project restored a naturally functioning and sustaining tidal wetland as

874-516: The Misión Dolores , but was secularized by the new Mexican republic. Francisco Maria Castro lived there with his wife María Gabriela Berreyesa and family from the late 1820s until his death in 1831. Governor of Mexican Alta California , Juan Alvarado , married one of the Castro daughters in 1839. After his term as governor was completed, they retired to her family property on Rancho San Pablo. With

920-575: The Rockaway Quarry . In 1783, the Presidio's garrison numbered only 33 men. Upon Mexican independence from Spain in 1821, it was briefly operated as a Mexican fortification. The Presidio was seized by the U.S. military at the start of the Mexican–American War in 1846. It was officially reopened by the Americans in 1848 and became home to several army headquarters and units, the last being

966-558: The Salinas Valley was given by Argüello to José Mariano Estrada a lieutenant of the Mexican Artillery and in-law of Argüello. In 1823, Argüello gave a land grant of Rancho San Pablo 17,939-acre (72.60 km), in present-day Contra Costa County, California to Francisco María Castro (1775–1831), a former soldier at the San Francisco Presidio and one-time alcalde of the Pueblo of San José . The San Pablo grant covered what

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1012-677: The United States 6th Army . Several famous U.S. generals, such as William Tecumseh Sherman , George Henry Thomas , and John J. Pershing , made their homes here. During its long history, the Presidio was involved in most of America's military engagements in the Pacific Rim . Importantly, it was the assembly point for army forces that invaded the Philippines during the Spanish–American War , America's first significant military engagement in

1058-516: The cession of California to the United States following the Mexican–American War , the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho San Pablo was filed with the Public Land Commission by Joaquín Ysidro Castro in 1852, and the grant was patented to Joaquín Ysidro Castro in 1878. A separate claim

1104-478: The Presidio Trust to oversee and manage the interior 80% of the park's lands, with the National Park Service managing the coastal 20%. In a first-of-its-kind structure, Congress mandated that the Presidio Trust make the Presidio financially self-sufficient by 2013. The Presidio achieved the goal in 2005, eight years ahead of the deadline. The park has many wooded areas, hills, and scenic vistas overlooking

1150-618: The Presidio's park attractions is the Presidio Tunnel Tops, which has created a 14-acre park (5.7 ha) on top of the tunneled portions of Doyle Drive. The park contains several meadows and walking trails, along with viewpoints for major landmarks such as the Golden Gate Bridge. Negotiations between Caltrans , the San Francisco County Transportation Authority , and the Presidio Trust to finalize

1196-525: The condition that Osio would set aside part of the island for a fort. However, Osio never took up residence there. Francisco de Paula Marín a Spaniard who became influential in the early Kingdom of Hawaii , was a confidant of Hawaiian King Kamehameha I . Marín acted as a jack-of-all-trades , sometimes even acting as a physician, probably without any formal education, and is credited with introducing many agricultural products. Marín wrote to governor Luis Antonio Argüello about moving to Alta California, but

1242-524: The first of a series of sculptures in the Presidio, the Spire . It is 100 feet (30 m) tall and located near the Arguello Gate. It represents the tree replanting effort that has been underway at the Presidio. Spire was followed by Wood Line in 2011, Tree Fall in 2013, and Earth Wall in 2014. In 2010, a trampoline park called House of Air was built using an old aircraft hangar. As of 2023, it

1288-457: The former Lucasfilm headquarters in San Rafael . The $ 300 million development includes nearly 900,000 square feet (84,000 m ) of office space and a 150,000-square-foot (14,000 m ) underground parking garage with a capacity of 2,500 employees. Lucasfilm's Industrial Light & Magic , Lucas Licensing, and Lucas Online divisions reside at the site. George Lucas's proposal included plans for

1334-583: The hospital property. Based on city municipal records, historians estimate that the cemetery was used from 1885 to 1912. As part of the "Trails Forever" initiative, the Parks Conservancy, the National Park Service, and the Presidio Trust partnered to build a walking trail along the south side of the site featuring interpretive signage about its history. The Presidio was the home of the Western Defense Command headquarters during World War II . It

1380-460: The land transfer for the park lasted from 2015 to 2018. The budget for the park is $ 100 million, funded with public funds from the Presidio Trust and private contributions. The park opened for public use on July 17, 2022. Rancho San Pablo Rancho San Pablo was a 17,939-acre (72.60 km ) land grant in present-day Contra Costa County, California given in 1823 by Governor Luís Antonio Argüello to Francisco María Castro (1775–1831),

1426-673: The memory of Walt Disney. Many various commercial enterprises also lease buildings on the Presidio. The Thoreau Center for Sustainability preserved sections of the Letterman Army Hospital . The Presidio of San Francisco is the only site in a national recreation area with an extensive residential leasing program. The Presidio has four creeks that park stewards and volunteers are restoring to expand their riparian habitats' former extents. The creeks are Lobos and Dragonfly creeks, El Polin Spring , and Coyote Gulch . The Trust entered

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1472-609: The museum in the Presidio and instead donated the art to the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art before he died in 2009. As the Doyle Drive viaduct was deemed seismically unsafe and obsolete, construction started on the demolition of Doyle Drive in 2008 to replace the structure with a flat, broad-lane highway with a tunnel through the bluffs above Crissy Field , called the Presidio Parkway . The project cost $ 1 billion and

1518-505: The need to maximize income by leasing historic buildings and permitting public use despite most structures being rented privately. Further differences have arisen from the divergent needs to preserve the integrity of the National Historic Landmark District in the face of new construction, competing pressures for natural habitat restoration, and requirements for commercial purposes that impede public access. Crissy Field,

1564-663: The northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula in San Francisco , California , and is part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area . It had been a fortified location since September 17, 1776, when New Spain established the presidio to gain a foothold in Alta California and the San Francisco Bay . It passed to Mexico in 1820, which in turn passed to the United States in 1848. As part of

1610-526: The park in partnership with the National Park Service. The trust has jurisdiction over the interior of 80 percent of the Presidio, including nearly all its historic structures. The National Park Service manages coastal areas. Primary law enforcement throughout the Presidio is the jurisdiction of the United States Park Police . One of the main objectives of the Presidio Trust's program was achieving financial self-sufficiency by fiscal year 2013, which

1656-739: The rank of lieutenant . In 1821, he launched an exploration of Northern California to investigate the rumors of "Foreigners" setting up a base. Argüello published his expedition diary, titled The Diary of Captain Arguello: The Last Spanish Expedition in California, October 17 - November 17, 1821 . He ordered retribution on hunters of the Russian-American Company who were catching sea otters in San Francisco Bay. There were numerous sea otter populations to hunt and

1702-577: The region. Beginning in the 1890s, the Presidio was home to the Letterman Army Medical Center (LAMC), named in 1911 for Jonathan Letterman , the medical director of the Civil War –era Army of the Potomac . LAMC provided thousands of war-wounded with high-quality medical care during every US foreign conflict of the 20th century. One of the last two remaining cemeteries within the city's limits

1748-467: Was an 8,896-acre (36.00 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Monterey County, California given in 1824 by Governor Luís Antonio Argüello to Ygnacio Ferrer Vallejo, and confirmed to his eldest son, José de Jesús Vallejo, by Governor José Figueroa in 1834.[1] The name means "pocket of St. Cayetano". Pocket in this case usually refers to land surrounded by slough - in this case the Elkhorn Slough. The grant

1794-455: Was bordered on the west by Monterey Bay. Rancho Moro Cojo, that became part of Rancho Bolsa Nueva y Moro Cojo , in present-day Monterey County, California was granted by Governor Luís Antonio Argüello in 1825. Antonio Maria Osio married Dolores Argüello, sister of Luis Antonio Argüello. In 1838, Osio settled in Monterey . In 1839, Governor Alvarado granted Osio, Angel Island (California) , on

1840-511: Was here that Lieutenant General John L. DeWitt signed 108 Civilian Exclusion Orders and directives for the internment of Japanese Americans under the authority of Executive Order 9066 signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 19, 1942. The Presidio sent its few remaining units to war for the last time in 1991 for Desert Storm , the First Gulf War. The role of the Sixth Army

1886-766: Was one of his daughters, she married Eulogio de Celis, their son Eulogio F. de Celis became a predominant landowner in the San Fernando Valley . Luis Antonio Argüello died in Yerba Buena (San Francisco) in 1830, and is buried at the Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission Dolores) cemetery. In 1822, William Edward Petty Hartnell persuaded Argüello to grant him the right to do business in any port in Alta California, whereas other foreigners were restricted to Monterey and San Diego . Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo

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1932-461: Was reached in 2006. Immediately after its inception, the trust began preparing rehabilitation plans for the park. Many areas had to be decontaminated before being prepared for public use. The Presidio Trust Act calls for the "preservation of the cultural and historic integrity of the Presidio for public use." The Act also requires that the Presidio Trust be financially self-sufficient by 2013. These imperatives have resulted in numerous conflicts between

1978-514: Was scheduled to be completed by 2016. The Trust plans to create a promenade that will link the Lombard Gate and the new Lucasfilm campus to the Main Post and, ultimately, to the Golden Gate Bridge. The promenade is part of a trail expansion plan that will add 24 miles (39 km) of new pathways and eight scenic overlooks throughout the park. In October 2008, artist Andy Goldsworthy constructed

2024-847: Was served as the personal secretary to the new Governor Luis Argüello, when news of Mexico's independence reached Monterey. Argüello enrolled Vallejo as a cadet in the Presidio company in 1824. After being promoted to corporal , Argüello appointed Vallejo to the diputación , the territorial legislature . He was promoted to alférez (equal to a modern army second lieutenant). In 1823, he granted Rancho Los Corralitos 15,440-acre (62.5 km) in present-day Santa Cruz County, California to José Amesti. "Los Corralitos" means "the little corrals" in Spanish. The grant extended along Corralitos Creek north of Watsonville , and encompassed present-day Corralitos and Amesti . In 1823, Rancho Llano de Buena Vista , means "Good View Plain". 8,446-acre (34.18 km) in

2070-456: Was the management of training and coordinating deployment of Army National Guard and U.S. Army Reserve units in the Western U.S. for Operation Desert Storm. After a hard-fought battle, the Presidio averted being sold at auction and came under the management of the Presidio Trust, a U.S. government corporation established by an act of Congress in 1996. The Presidio Trust now manages most of

2116-516: Was told his multiple wives would not be welcome in California. In Argüello's tenure one new mission was founded: Mission San Francisco Solano (California) on July 4, 1823, by Father Jose Altimira. This was the last of the 21 missions founded as the Mexican secularization act of 1833 put an end to the missions. Mission San Francisco Solano was also the northernmost mission and the only one started after Mexico gained independence from Spain. Argüello wanted

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