Ludovico (or Lodovico ) Carracci ( Italian: [ludoˈviːko karˈrattʃi] ; 21 April 1555 – 13 November 1619) was an Italian, early- Baroque painter, etcher , and printmaker born in Bologna . His works are characterized by a strong mood invoked by broad gestures and flickering light that create spiritual emotion and are credited with reinvigorating Italian art, especially fresco art, which was subsumed with formalistic Mannerism . He died in Bologna in 1619.
21-739: Ludovico apprenticed under Prospero Fontana in Bologna and traveled to Florence , Parma , and Venice , before returning to his hometown. Together with his cousins Annibale and Agostino Carracci , Ludovico worked in Bologna on the fresco cycles depicting Histories of Jason and Medea (1584) in Palazzo Fava, and the Histories of Romulus and Remus (1590-1592) for the Palazzo Magnani . Their individual contributions to these works are unclear, although Annibale,
42-491: A bold scale in drawing figures. Two of Ludovico's main pupils were Giacomo Cavedone and Francesco Camullo . In 2009, Carracci's painting of St. Jerome (c. 1595) was restituted to the heirs of Max Stern , a German Jewish art dealer persecuted and looted by the Nazis Prospero Fontana Prospero Fontana (1512–1597) was a Bolognese painter of late Renaissance and Mannerist art. He
63-430: Is perhaps best known for his frescoes and architectural detailing. The speed in which he completed paintings earned him commissions where he worked with other prominent artists of the period. He was a prominent figure in the city of Bologna, serving as official arbitrator in the business disputes of local artists. In his later career Fontana trained younger painters, including his own daughter Lavinia . Prospero Fontana
84-731: The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors and Architects . Vasari notes that Fontana was unable to complete his work on the Chateau of Fontainebleau (1560) in France due to a health issue. Finished collaborative work includes the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence (1563-5). Florian Härb observes the similarities between several of Vasari's drawings and Fontana's larger paintings, which indicate that
105-646: The Accademia degli Incamminati ). More recent conjectures are that there was no established Academy with curriculum, but that Ludovico tutored many in his studio. This studio however propelled a number of Emilian artists to pre-eminence in Rome and elsewhere, and singularly helped encourage the so-called Bolognese School of the late 16th century, which included Albani , Guercino , Sacchi , Reni , Lanfranco and Domenichino . The Carracci had their apprentices draw studies focused on observation of nature and natural poses, and use
126-502: The Duchy of Florence . Among those who have been members are Michelangelo , Lazzaro Donati , Francesco da Sangallo , Bronzino , Benvenuto Cellini , Giorgio Vasari, Bartolomeo Ammannati , and Giambologna . Most members of the Accademia were male; Artemisia Gentileschi was the first woman to be admitted. In the twenty-first century its declared purposes are the promotion and diffusion of
147-496: The Regia Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze in 1873; it became fully independent of it in 1937, and was at the same time divided into three schools or classes, of architecture, of painting, and of sculpture and engraving. Sculpture and painting became separate classes under a new statute of 1953. Since 1971 the Accademia has occupied Palazzo dell'Arte dei Beccai , in via Orsanmichele [ it ] . The present statute of
168-550: The arts of drawing", and was made up of two parts: the company was a kind of guild for all working artists, while the academy was for more eminent artistic personalities of Cosimo's court, and supervised artistic production in Tuscany. It was later called the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno. At first, the academy met in the cloisters of the Santissima Annunziata . In 1784 Pietro Leopoldo , Grand Duke of Tuscany , combined all
189-467: The arts, and the protection and conservation of cultural heritage worldwide. It organises conferences, concerts, book presentations and exhibitions, and elects noted artists from all over the world to honorary membership. The first Accademia delle Arti del Disegno was founded by Cosimo I de' Medici on 13 January 1563, under the influence of Giorgio Vasari . It was initially named the Accademia e Compagnia delle Arti del Disegno, or "academy and company of
210-522: The debate over the reformation of religious art. Pellegrino Tabaldi and Fontana worked on the Cappella Poggi in S Giacomo Maggiore in Bologna. Towards the end of his career, Fontana opened a school of art in Bologna. Some of his most notable students were Ludovico Carracci , Agostino Carracci , Lorenzo Sabbatini , and Denys Calvaert . In Bologna, Fontana served as an arbitrator and resolved professional disputes. Robert W. Gaston explains that this
231-470: The drawings were the basis for much of Fontana's commissions. There are multiple explanations offered by Härb and Charles Davis, including Fontana's admiration of Vasari's style and prominence in Renaissance Italy. In 1565, Fontana was elected to the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno in Florence. In 1576, Fontana was one of several artists and intellectuals consulted by Cardinal Gabriele Paleotti in
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#1732848928304252-850: The organisation was published by decree of the President of the Republic of Italy, and is dated 17 May 1978. Since the statute of 1978 the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno has been divided into five classes: painting, sculpture, architecture, history of art and humanities and sciences. There are four classes of membership: emeritus, ordinary, correspondent and honorary. Notable members of the Accademia include Sandro Chia , Hans Erni and Anselm Kiefer in painting; Arnaldo Pomodoro , Giuliano Vangi and Dani Karavan in sculpture; Massimo Carmassi and Paolo Portoghesi in architecture; David Whitehouse in history of art; and Salvatore Accardo and Carlo Ginzburg in humanities and sciences. The Accademia awards
273-617: The pontifical court. He also decorated the Palazzo di Firenze for the Pope's brother, Balduino del Monte. During his time in Rome, he collaborated with Taddeo Zuccaro on the Villa Giulia in Rome (1553). J. A. Gere suggests that Fontana supervised the project and was responsible for the paintings in the North Room. Fontana worked with Giorgio Vasari on a few commissions, which are briefly described in
294-562: The schools of drawing in Florence into one institution, the new Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze , or academy of fine arts. The Accademia delle Arti del Disegno was thus suppressed and transformed into the Collegio dei Professori dell'Accademia . In the re-organisation following the Unification of Italy , the Collegio dei Professori dell'Accademia delle Arti del Disegno was again separated from
315-591: The title of Accademico d'Onore, or honorary member, to those it considers notable in culture and the arts. It lists 138 such honorary members. Among them are Andrea Branzi , Daniel Buren , Fernando Caruncho , Andrea Claudio Galluzzo, Herman Hertzberger , Michael Hirst , Jasper Johns , Gina Lollobrigida , Pierre Rosenberg , Edoardo Vesentini , Alessandro Vezzosi , Louis Waldman and the Pritzker Prize winners Robert Venturi and Renzo Piano . Past Accademici d'Onore include Giulio Andreotti , Alberto Ronchey ,
336-604: The younger than Ludovico by 5 years had gained fame as the best of the three. This led to Annibale's famed commission of the Loves of the Gods in the Palazzo Farnese in Rome. Agostino joined Annibale there briefly. While Ludovico remained in Bologna, this does not mean that he was any less influential, the biography of Lanzi states that around 1585, Ludovico and his cousins had founded the so-called Eclectic Academy of painting (also called
357-572: Was a prestigious position at the time. Fontana died in Bologna in 1597. The altarpiece of the Adoration of the Magi , in the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, is considered to be his masterpiece. A large quantity of his work remains in Bologna. The majority of the artists who trained and collaborated with Fontana were heavily influenced by Raphael . He also looked to the work of Antonio da Correggio , Sebastiano del Piombo , and Giulio Romano . Fontana
378-588: Was a stonemason. Prospero married Antonia de Bonardis in 1539. They had two daughters, Emilia and Lavinia . Emilia died in 1568, just five years after her wedding to Floriano Bertelli. Prospero taught his surviving daughter Lavinia how to paint in his workshop. Accademia delle Arti del Disegno The Accademia delle Arti del Disegno ("Academy of the Arts of Drawing") is an academy of artists in Florence , in Italy. It
399-472: Was founded on 13 January 1563 by Cosimo I de' Medici , under the influence of Giorgio Vasari . It was initially known as the Accademia e Compagnia delle Arti del Disegno ("Academy and Company of the Arts of Drawing") and consisted of two parts: the company was a kind of guild for all working artists, while the academy was for more eminent artistic figures of the Medici court, and supervised artistic production in
420-446: Was likely taught by Innocenzo da Imola , but there is a degree of uncertainty surrounding the relationship between the two men. As a teenager, Fontana was an assistant on Perino del Vaga 's Palazzo Doria in Genoa . However, art historians cannot definitively identity Fontana's contributions to the decorations. In the 1550s, Fontana painted Pope Julius III 's portrait and was pensioned at
441-522: Was well known for the speed in which he completed commissions. Carlo Cesare Malvasia criticized him for being careless and unprofessional. His early style is considered conservative. He gradually incorporated elements of Mannerism into his style after working with prominent artists of the movement. He is an early representative of the Bolognese school of painting. His style has been compared to that of Paolo Veronese . Prospero's father, Silvio Fontana,
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