54-585: Lower Kurram Tehsil is a subdivision located in Kurram District , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan . The population is 136,719 according to the 2017 census . In March 2017, two people were killed in a US drone strike in the Sara Khwa area of Lower Kurram. This was the first drone strike in Pakistan under the administration of United States President Donald Trump . This Kurram District location article
108-882: A military base for the NATO forces . In 2011, the U.S. Embassy in Kabul announced that it plans to establish a consulate in Jalalabad. In March 2007, US marines murdered 19 unarmed civilians and wounded 50 near Jalalabad, in an incident compared by the New York Times to the Haditha massacre . None of those responsible received any serious punishment. Many suicide attacks by jihadist insurgents have taken place, including in August 2013 , April 2015 , January 2018 , July 2018 , September 2018 , October 2019 and August 2020 . The groups responsible for
162-451: A buttress against any enemy aggression. In the lower Kurram, where for climatic reasons candidates for settlements were fewer, the problem was not easily solved. The Chardi Turis seem to have been the first to abandon their nomadic life. As the numbers who went down to graze every year became less, the area under control contracted. Sangroba and Hadmela were left far behind and as the Turis receded
216-609: A governor was appointed, who established himself in Kurram. The Turis, being Shias , never liked Afghan rule. During the second Afghan War, when Sir Frederick Roberts advanced by way of the Kurram Valley and the Peiwar Kotal to Kabul, the Turis lent him every assistance in their power, and in consequence, their independence was granted them in 1880. The administration of the Kurram Valley
270-498: A part of the Frontier Corps (FC) and Pak Army. It is located northwest of the valley. This makes it a part of Upper Kurram. Governor cottage, Shalozan House, Circuit House and Passport office are also located in cantonment area. The name of Parachinar comes from 'Para' (Paarha), one of the tribes of the valley and 'Chinar', the maple trees which are found in abundance in the region and Parachinar in particular. The old name of Parchinar
324-463: A pass 3,439 metres (11,283 ft) high, just over 20 km (12 mi) west of modern Parachinar and Sadda, that was blocked by snow for several months of the year. The valley is highly irrigated, well populated and crowded with small fortified villages, orchards, and groves, to which a fine background is afforded by the dark pine forests and alpine snows of the Safed Koh. The beauty and climate of
378-631: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Kurram District Kurram District ( Urdu : ضلع کرم ) is a district in the Kohat Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan . The name Kurram comes from the river Kwarma ( Pashto : کورمه ) in Pashto which itself derives from the Sanskrit word Krumu ( Sanskrit : क्रुमुः ). Until 2018, it functioned as an agency of
432-516: Is also a popular hangout for those with cars. The province is represented in domestic cricket competitions by the Nangarhar province cricket team. National team member Hamid Hasan was born in the province and he currently represents Afghanistan in international cricket. The Ghazi Amanullah International Cricket Stadium is the first international standard cricket stadium in Afghanistan. It is located in
486-503: Is also has a Hindu minority. Jalalabad is the regional hub in eastern Afghanistan, close to the border with Pakistan. Agriculture is the predominant land use at 44%, higher density of dwellings is found in Districts 1–5 and vacant plots are largely clustered in District 6. Districts 1–6 all have a grid network of roads. Jalalabad's climate is hot desert ( Köppen : BWh), and it is one of
540-572: Is enclosed by a garden facing Seraj-ul-Emart. The Sulemankhils , a Pashtun family famous for their scientific research , is from Jalalabad. Other celebrated Pashtun families originate from the villages near Jalalabad too. In the 1960s and 1970s, construction started on a new planned city called Reg-e Shamshad Khan. From 1978 to early 1990s, the city served as a strategic location for the Soviet -backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan . In March 1989, two Mujahideen rebel factions backed by Pakistan and
594-407: Is estimated to be 280,685 in year 2021. It has six districts and a total land area of 12,796 hectares (31,620 acres). The total number of dwellings in this city is 39,586. Nearly all residents of Jalalabad are Muslim , followers of Sunni Islam . Jalalabad is also a center of the country's Sikhs , although the community has dwindled in the city (and nationwide) since the wars began. Similarly it
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#1732858074747648-648: Is known for certain agricultural products throughout Pakistan such as peanut, bean, tomatoes and coarse rice. Wild olive trees are abundantly found along other trees and plants. Maple (chinar) is the identity of Kurram Agency especially Parachinar. Kurram was a stronghold of the TTP till 2008 when the Pakistani Army ordered a military operation in the Agency to flush out the militants. The military offensives Operation Khwakh Ba De Sham and Operation Koh-e-Safaid , ended in 2011 with
702-405: Is local vatani variety of sugarcane. It contains 15% sugar by weight. Jalalabad also has the largest date farm in Afghanistan. The Jalalabad Airport (also known as Nangarhar Airport) is located roughly 3 miles (4.8 km) southeast from the city's center. It is a domestic airport for civilian use. It serves the population of Nangarhar and neighboring provinces. There are proposals for
756-640: Is reference to a village near Jalalabad where the local king had Muslim, Buddhist and Hindu wives. The region became part of the Ghaznavid Empire in the 10th century. Sabuktigin annexed the land all the way west of the Neelum River in Kashmir. "The Afghans and Khiljies who resided among the mountains having taken the oath of allegiance to Sabuktigin, many of them were enlisted in his army, after which he returned in triumph to Ghazni ." The Ghurids succeeded
810-423: Is the most common one which has yellow skin and its taste is a combination of orange and grapefruit. The grapefruits grown here have a diameter of eight or nine inches. Per year 1800 tonnes of pomegranates, 334 tonnes of grapes, and 7750 tonnes of mulberries are produced in Jalalabad. The fruits are either sold in local markets or transported to Kabul markets from where they are exported. The second most common crop
864-564: Is usually below freezing point, occasionally mercury drop below -10 degree Celsius. Parachinar is ranked the fourth-coldest location in Pakistan by the weather charts website "Climate-Charts" that uses data available from the World Meteorological Organization . The northern and western heights of the valley receive snowfalls in winters. Much of the precipitations occur during spring and summer season. Autumn and winter are usually dry. Due to its climatic condition Kurram Agency
918-696: The Bangash reside and Sadda has natural richness depended upon hills and mountain with evergreen forests and fields for growing crops like rice and wheat. The Kurram River drains the southern flanks of the Safed Koh mountain range, and enters the Indus plains north of Bannu . It flows west to east and crosses the Paktia Province Afghan -Pakistan border at 33°49′N 69°58′E / 33.817°N 69.967°E / 33.817; 69.967 about 80 km (50 mi) southwest of Jalalabad , and joins
972-844: The Federally Administered Tribal Areas . However, with the merger of the FATA with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, it attained the status of a district. Geographically, it covers the Kurram Valley region which is a valley in the northwestern of Pakistan. Most of the population is Pashtun and the main religion is Islam ( Shia and Sunni ) in Kurram. Major tribes living in the Kurram District are Bangash , Turi , Orakzai , Wazir , Mamozai , Muqbil , Zazai , Mandan(Banusi) , Paracha(non Pashtuns), Mangal , Ghilzai , Para Chamkani , Hazara and Khoshi tribe (Persian speaking tribe). Up until
1026-704: The Ghazi Amanullah Town , a modern suburb on the southeastern fringe of Jalalabad in Nangarhar Province. Construction on the stadium began in March 2010 when the foundation stone was laid by Minister of Finance and president of the Afghanistan Cricket Board , Omar Zakhilwal. The project, which was developed on 30 acres of land donated by the developer constructing the Ghazi Amanullah Town, cost up
1080-1005: The Kabul River and the Kunar River in a plateau to the south of the Hindu Kush mountains. It is linked by the Kabul-Jalalabad Road to the west and Peshawar in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan , to the east through Torkham and the Khyber Pass . Jalalabad is a leading center of social and trade activity because of its proximity with the Torkham border checkpoint and border crossing , 65 km (40 mi) away. Major industries include papermaking, as well as agricultural products including oranges, lemon, rice, and sugarcane, helped by its warm climate. It hosts Afghanistan's second largest educational institute, Nangarhar University . For centuries
1134-660: The Mughal Empire : Babur . Babur had chosen the site for this city which was built by his grandson in 1560. It remained part of the Mughal Empire until around 1738 when Nader Shah and his Afsharid forces defeated the Mughals. Nader Shah's forces were accompanied by the young Ahmad Shah Durrani and his 4,000-strong Afghan army from southern Afghanistan. In 1747, he founded the Durrani Empire (Afghan Empire) after re-conquering
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#17328580747471188-616: The North Waziristan area. The nearest Kharoshti finds are the Kurram Casket inscription of the year 20, recovered from the Kurram Valley. As of the 2023 census , Kurram district has 94,548 households and a population of 785,434. The district has a sex ratio of 107.51 males to 100 females and a literacy rate of 35.22%: 49.39% for males and 20.65% for females. 275,458 (35.07% of the surveyed population) are under 10 years of age. 45,471 (5.79%) live in urban areas. 2,642 (0.34%) people in
1242-594: The Second Anglo-Afghan War , the British again invaded and set up camps in Jalalabad but withdrew two years later. Jalalabad is considered one of the most important cities of the Pashtun culture . Seraj-ul-Emarat, the residence of Amir Habibullah and King Amanullah was destroyed in 1929 when Habibullah Kalakani rose to power; the other sanctuaries however, retain vestiges of the past. The mausoleum of both rulers
1296-655: The Taliban took control of the city until they were toppled by the US-backed Afghan forces in late 2001. Al-Qaeda had been building terrorist training camps in Jalalabad. The city returned to Afghan government control under Hamid Karzai . The economy of Jalalabad gradually increased in the last decade. Many of the city's population began joining the Afghan National Security Forces . Construction has also increased. The Jalalabad Airport has long served as
1350-459: The Afghanistan. The Kurram faction of Haqqani Network is commanded by the notorious Fazal Saeed Haqqani who is known for his bloody ambushes against Shia community of Kurram Agency. He has thousands of armed supporters from local tribes of Bangash , Watizai, and Daudzai. Kurram Agency has become increasingly victimized by sectarian violence as tensions grew between the Shiites and Sunnis of
1404-671: The Ghaznavids and expanded the Islamic empire further into Hindustan. The region around Jalalabad later became part of the Khalji territory, followed by that of the Timurids . It is said that the original name of Jalalabad was Adinapur or Nagar(a)hara . Jalalabad was named in the last decade of the sixteenth century in honour of Mughal ruler Jalal-uddin Mohammad Akbar , the grandson of the founder of
1458-714: The Indus near Isa Khel after a course of more than 320 km (200 mi). The district has an area of 3,310 km (1,280 sq mi); the population according to the 1998 census was 448,310. It lies between the Miranzai Valley . It is inhabited by the Bangash and Mangal tribes. In the Rigveda , the Kurrum is mentioned as Krumu . The Kurram Valley in ancient times offered the most direct route to Kabul and Gardez . The route crossed
1512-547: The Kurram militia, reorganized in two battalions, and chiefly drawn from the Turi tribe. In recent years the Kurram Valley has once again assumed a strategic position and has been the site of intense Taliban activities. The armed forces of Pakistan extended their major offensive against Al-Qaeda and Taliban elements in FATA dubbed Operation Rah-e-Nijat to Kurram in December 2009. Ahmad Hasan Dani has recorded several findings in
1566-515: The Kurram valley, chiefly the Massozai section of the Orakzais , were infected by the general excitement, and attacked the British camp at Sadda and other posts. A force of 14,230 British troops traversed the country, and the tribesmen were severely punished. In Lord Curzon 's reorganization of the frontier in 1900–1901, British troops were withdrawn from the forts in the Kurram Valley and were replaced by
1620-739: The Lower and Upper Subdivisions of the agency falling back into the Pakistani control. In August, 2012, the Upper and Lower Subdivisions were de-notified as Conflict zones while as a military operation continued in Masozai Area of Central Kurram Agency. The writ of the Government of Pakistan was restored more or less whole of the Kurram Agency by 2012 as result of the militay operations that pushed back militants back into
1674-514: The Miranzai valley, harbouring fugitives, encouraging resistance, and frequently attacking Bangash and Khattak villages in the Kohat district. Accordingly, in 1856 British forces numbering 4,896 troops traversed their country, and the tribe entered into engagements for future good conduct. (2) The Kohat-Kurram expedition of 1897 under Colonel W. Hill. During the frontier risings of 1897 the inhabitants of
Lower Kurram Tehsil - Misplaced Pages Continue
1728-632: The U.S. assaulted the city during the Battle of Jalalabad . However government forces managed to drive them out within two months, which was a major setback to the resistance fighters and the ISI. The city was heavily bombarded and hundreds of civilians were killed. Many buildings, such as schools, hospitals and public buildings were destroyed during the 2-month battle. After the resignation of President Najibullah , Jalalabad quickly fell to mujahideen rebels of Yunus Khalis on April 19, 1992. On September 12, 1996,
1782-529: The Watizai Zaimushts gradually pushed in, until all that was left was a settlement at and about Alizai. On the western side the Saragallas retained, and still largely retain their habits. They too put in settlements around Biliamin and after much intervening warfare had finally to admit Bangashes brother not as vassals, but for the rest they retain unimpaired the rights on the western bank which they acquired at
1836-400: The agency. Jalalabad Jalalabad ( / dʒ ə ˈ l æ l ə ˌ b æ d / ; جلال آباد [d͡ʒä.lɑː.lɑː.bɑːd̪] ) is the fifth-largest city of Afghanistan . It has a population of about 356,274, and serves as the capital of Nangarhar Province in the eastern part of the country, about 130 kilometres (80 mi) from the capital Kabul . Jalalabad is located at the junction of
1890-613: The area. The Afghan army has long used the city while going back and forth during their military campaigns into the Indian-subcontinent . In 1834, Dost Mohammad Khan subjugated Jalalabad in his campaign to Jalalabad . The British-Indian forces invaded Jalalabad in 1838, during the First Anglo-Afghan War . In the 1842 Battle of Jellalabad , Akbar Khan besieged the British troops on their way to Jalalabad. In 1878, during
1944-542: The attacks include the Taliban, Haqqani Network , al-Qaeda, and ISIS (Daesh). On August 15, 2021, the Taliban again took control of the city. Its capture cut off the last highway from Kabul to the outside world, and the city fell later the same day. Three days later on August 18, protestors took down the Afghan Taliban flag and replaced it with a tricolor flag of the previous Afghan government . The city population
1998-570: The city are in early 1st millennium CE accounts by visiting Chinese Buddhist monks. In or about 400 CE, Faxian visited "Nagarhara" and worshiped at sacred Buddhist sites, such as the "Cave of the Buddha's Shadow” (佛影窟). In 630 CE, Xuan Zang , visited "Adinapur" and other locations nearby. The Buddhist era began to end after the region was conquered by Muslim forces during the late 1st Millennium. However, conversions to Islam evidently did not occur quickly. In Hudud-al-Alam , written in 982 CE, there
2052-572: The city was favored by Afghan kings and it has a cultural significance in Afghan poetry . During Timur Shah 's reign of the Durrani Empire , Jalalabad served as the Afghan winter capital . Known at the time by names such as Nagarhara and Adinapur, Jalalabad was a major center of Greco-Buddhist culture during the late 1st millennium BCE , focused on sites such as Ahin Posh . The first surviving references to
2106-441: The city which has lower elevation are welcoming places to winds from the north and west cooling the parts in summer months. Jalalabad has the highest relative humidity in summer compared to other Afghan cities. However the moderate temperatures of winter has led to various people down the history establishing their settlements in the city. Because of its warm temperature relative to most of Afghanistan, Jalalabad (alongside Peshawar )
2160-436: The district were from religious minorities, mainly Christians. Pashto was the predominant language, spoken by 99.19% of the population. Nearly half the population of nearly 800,000 are Shiite Muslims. Kurram District is currently subdivided into three Tehsils . Parachinar is the administrative headquarter of Kurram valley. It has offices of Deputy Commissioner, Assistant Commissioner, Kurram Police, and Kurram Militia,
2214-485: The district. Geographically, the Kurram District is a connecting bridge as it interfaces with three provinces of Afghanistan: Khost , Paktia and Nangarhar (Tora bora). Kurram District is located in the erstwhile FATA and its major tribes are Bangash, Turi, Orakzai, Para-Chamkani, Mangal, Alisherzai, Muqbil, Khuaidadkhel and Masozai. In the Lower Kurram District, Sadda is a scenic place where tribes such as
Lower Kurram Tehsil - Misplaced Pages Continue
2268-462: The establishment of Afghanistan's rail network linking Jalalabad with Pakistan Railways , allowing for increased trade of goods, people and commerce between the two countries. Jalalabad is connected by main roads with the Afghan capital of Kabul, the city of Peshawar in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan, and several nearby Afghan cities and towns. All trade between Afghanistan and Pakistan passes through this city. The highway between Jalalabad and Kabul
2322-610: The first phase of construction $ 1.8 million. The first phase, which took one year to complete, included the completion of the stadium itself. The remainder of the phases will see the construction of a pavilion, accommodation for players and administrative buildings. The stadium, which has a capacity of 14,000, was completed before the national team and under-19 team left for Canada and the Under-19 Cricket World Cup Qualifier in Ireland respectively. The two sides inaugurated
2376-405: The hottest localities in Afghanistan. The city's climate has close resemblance to that of Arizona in the United States . It receives six to eight inches (152 to 203 mm) of rainfall per annum which are limited to winter and the months of spring. Frosts are not common, and during the summer, the temperature can reach a maximum of 120 °F (49 °C). The north and southwestern parts of
2430-422: The other Zaimushts section being unopposed had settled themselves on the left bank below Sadda. In the early 19th century the Kurram Valley was under the government of Kabul , and every five or six years a military expedition was sent to collect the revenue, the soldiers living meanwhile at free quarters on the people. It was not until about 1848 that the Turis were brought directly under the control of Kabul, when
2484-415: The time the conquest. With Chardis this was for from being the course left unsupported by their Kuchis they maintained a precarious existence at Alizai until even then they had to give three-fifths of their land to the Watizai Zaimushts in return for their assistance in a feud they had entered upon with Bilyamin. Consequently, the hills and the grazing grounds passed from the Turizun to the Zaimushtzun and as
2538-404: The two countries. The Ghazi Amanullah International Cricket Stadium is next to the Ghazi Amanullah Khan Town , which is about 15 miles (24 km) of driving distance southeast of Jalalabad. The people of Jalalabad go there not only for sports purposes but also for enjoyment and relaxation. This is especially during holidays or when they receive visiting family or friends from another place. It
2592-409: The valley attracted some of the Mughal emperors of Delhi, and the remains exist of a garden planted by Shah Jahan . According to the Gazetteer of Kurram, the richness of the land gradually weaned the Turks from their nomadic life. Sections built villages and settled permanently; they ceased to be Kuchi and became Kothi this abandonment of their nomadic habits by the majority of the resulted, as it
2646-457: The year 2000, when the previous administrative divisions were abolished, the Kurram District was part of the Peshawar Division in the North-West Frontier Province (Now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) of Pakistan . The name Kurram comes from the river Kurram, which flows along the valley. In the north it is surrounded by snow-caped mountains of the Safed Koh , locally known as Spīn Ghar in the Pashto language. These mountains also border Afghanistan with
2700-401: Was Tutki and the inhabitants of Tutki were called Tutkiwal and even still, the Afghans call it Tutki. The town (sometimes listed as a city) of Parachinar has a population of around five thousand predominantly {Turi}, {Bangash} and {jaji}. The town has government hospital and many government schools. Climate of the valley remains pleasant most of the summer however in winters minimum temperature
2754-486: Was bound to do, in a contraction of the area in effective possession. The upper Kurram plain was safe as their headquarters, but hills and slopes below the Safed Koh and Mandher over which their graziers had kept an efficient watch, now afforded a menace as a place in which an encroaching tribe could establish itself. To guard against this settlements of Mangals and Muqbils were half invited half allowed to push themselves in conditions of vassalage, and on promise to afford
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#17328580747472808-451: Was finally rendered to British authorities, at the request of the Turis themselves, in 1890. Technically it ranked, not as a British district, but as an agency or administered area. Two expeditions in the Kurram Valley also require mention: (1) The Kurram expedition of 1856 under Brigadier-General Sir Neville Chamberlain. The Turis, on the first annexation of the Kohat district by the British, had repeatedly leagued with other tribes to infest
2862-453: Was often the " winter capital " of various Afghan rulers of the past centuries, while rich people would relocate to villas in Jalalabad to avoid the freezing temperatures in Kabul . Jalalabad is home to a large number of fruits. Various types of citrus fruits like orange , tangerine , grapefruit , lemon , lime grow in gardens as well as in orchards. The orange trees yield a crop only once in three years. The narindj variety of orange
2916-437: Was resurfaced in 2006, reducing the transit time between these two important cities. This highway is considered to be one of the most dangerous in the world because of the large number of accidents. An improvement in the road networks between Jalalabad and Peshawar has also been proposed, with the intention of widening the existing road and improving security to attract more tourists and allow for safer passage of goods between to
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