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22-490: In its ruling on Brumfield v. Dodd (1975), the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana described LISA as "an organization of private schools which publicly maintains a racist policy and has advised its members openly how to discourage black enrollment". The organization was founded amid a wave of new private schools that were being opened in response to most Louisiana public schools being desegregated in

44-605: A few years, including some who only played at the high school level. An NFL-funded study reported that high school football players suffered 11.2 concussions per 10,000 games or practices, nearly twice as many as college football players. According to 2017 study on brains of deceased gridiron football players, 99% of tested brains of NFL players, 88% of CFL players, 64% of semi-professional players, 91% of college football players, and 21% of high school football players had various stages of CTE. Other common injuries include injuries of legs, arms, and lower back. Below are

66-1055: A private/religious nature; the smallest schools are all either members of Class 1A or Division IV. Classes 2A through 5A and Divisions II through IV may include some schools that do not play football, including schools that have all-girl enrollments. Schools with single-gender enrollments have their enrollment numbers doubled for classification purposes. LHSAA has twenty-three competitive sports programs, twelve for boys and eleven for girls. The LHSAA sports programs are Baseball , Softball , Basketball , Swimming , Bowling , Tennis , Cross Country , Indoor Track and Field , Outdoor Track and Field , Football , Golf , Volleyball , Gymnastics , Wrestling , and Soccer . Starting in 2016, select enrollment schools and non-select enrollment schools will participate in different playoffs in Football, Baseball, Softball, and Basketball. Before 1935, Louisiana had organized athletic programs for white children only. In 1935 William Gray of Southern University established

88-399: Is at greater risk in shear when the brain is young. Myelination is completed at about 15 years of age. Children also have larger heads relative to their body size and weaker necks. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is caused by repeated brain trauma, such as concussions and blows to the head that do not produce concussions. It has been found in football players who had played for only

110-556: Is the agency that regulates and promotes the interscholastic athletic competitions of all high schools in the state of Louisiana . LHSAA was founded in Baton Rouge , Louisiana in October 1920. The LHSAA's main office was in Hammond from 1953 until 1972, when it returned to Baton Rouge. The LHSAA is governed by an executive director and an executive committee, with representatives from each of

132-650: The Louisiana Interscholastic Athletic and Literary Association (LIALO) to provide an organization for the African-American students of the state. This organization was absorbed into the LHSAA in 1969 and 1970 when the federal courts forced Louisiana to integrate the public schools. The LHSAA has not recognized the accomplishments or records of LIALO schools and their students pre-integration, and many of those records are lost. In 1990, Louisiana became

154-492: The NCAA , although the NCAA has made five major modifications. Through the 2018 season, each possession started from the 25-yard line. Since 2021, this remains in force through the first two overtime procedures. In double overtime, teams must attempt a two-point conversion after a touchdown. Secondly, triple overtime & thereafter are two-point conversion attempts instead of possessions from

176-562: The 1969-70 or 1970-71 school year. Its public-school equivalent was the Louisiana High School Athletic Association . In 1970, LISA's secretary said in response to the loss of tax exemptions due to the refusal to include Black students, "We are not interested in an IRS exemption under those conditions". Its charter meeting was held in April 1970; it launched that fall with 20 member schools, a number that increased to 54 by

198-516: The 2006 school year, most of the affected LHSAA schools were able to compete under their own school teams. The Southern Quality Ford Cup is the Louisiana High School Athletic Association's (LHSAA) All Sports Award that recognizes the leading overall athletic program in each of the LHSAA's seven classes. The competition is based on a school's performance in the 23 sports governed by the LHSAA. Any team that finishes in one of

220-691: The 2010s, participation in high school football decreased in most states across the United States. Wisconsin saw the largest decrease, dropping by nearly a quarter from 2009 to 2019; only seven states saw an increased number of players. Robert Cantu, a Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Co-Founder of the CTE Center at the Boston University School of Medicine, believes that children under 14 should not play tackle football. Their brains are not fully developed, and myelin (nerve cell insulation)

242-509: The 2018 season, Massachusetts also based its rules on those of the NCAA, but it adopted NFHS rules in 2019. With their common ancestry, the NFHS rules of high school American football are largely similar to the college game, though with some important differences: At least one unique high school rule has been adopted by college football. In 1996, the overtime rules originally utilized by Kansas high school teams beginning in 1971 were adopted by

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264-425: The 25-yard line, and successful attempts are scored as conversions instead of touchdowns. Thirty-four states have a mercy rule that comes into play during one-sided games after a prescribed scoring margin is surpassed at halftime or any point thereafter. The type of mercy rule varies from state to state, with many using a "continuous clock" after the scoring margin is reached (wherein, except for specific situations,

286-640: The association's class divisions. LHSAA member schools include public, private, and parochial schools throughout the state. LHSAA is affiliated with the National Federation of State High School Associations . As of 1996, LHSAA included 410 member schools and an annual certification of approximately 70,000 student athletes each year. LHSAA is divided into nine statewide classes and divisions, based on each school's student enrollment for grades nine through twelve: Classes 5A, 4A, 3A, 2A, 1A, and Divisions I, II, III, and IV . Divisions are made up of schools of

308-423: The clock keeps running on plays where the clock would normally stop). Other states end the game once the margin is reached or passed. For example, Texas uses a 45-point mercy rule (to stop the game) only in six-man football; for 11-man football there is no automatic stoppage but the coaches may mutually agree to use a continuous clock. High school football in the United States is played almost entirely by boys. Over

330-896: The equivalent association in Mississippi , the Mississippi Private School Association (now the Midsouth Association of Independent Schools . LISA held its last competition in 1992 and ceased to exist as a corporate entity on November 17, 1997. Schools competed in two divisions, A and AA, according to enrollment, with districts arranged by geography and traditional rivalries. Postseason all-star games were held in football and basketball. LISA’s competitive sports programs included baseball , softball , basketball , cross country , track and field , and football . Louisiana High School Athletic Association The Louisiana High School Athletic Association ( LHSAA )

352-462: The first state in the nation to include a wheelchair division in its state track and field competition for disabled student athletes. Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita hit Southern Louisiana at the beginning of the 2005 high school football season. The evacuation of New Orleans and other communities forced dozens of high schools to close for months, and several campuses were damaged or destroyed by flooding and wind damage. The football season

374-570: The following school year. LISA's logo, reflecting its segregated origins and location in what was formerly the Confederacy , featured an adaptation of the Confederate battle flag , which has been described as a White supremacist hate symbol . No Black athlete played in a LISA all-star game until 1991. By the 1980s, as segregation academies closed or moved to the LHSAA, membership declined. In October 1991, LISA's members voted unanimously to merge into

396-403: The most popular interscholastic sports in both countries, but its popularity is declining, partly due to risk of injury, particularly concussions . According to The Washington Post , between 2009 and 2019, participation in high school football declined by 9.1%. It is the basic level or step of tackle football . The National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) establishes

418-752: The past decade, girls have made up less than half a percent of the players of American high school football. Eight states have high schools that sanction the non-contact alternative of flag football , but none sanction tackle football for girls, and a 2021 lawsuit in Utah that claimed the state violated Title IX laws by not sanctioning the sport was struck down. According to the New York Times , in 2006, 70% of high school football players were white and 20% were black. By 2018, those figures were 30% white and 40% black. As of 2016 , black youth are nearly three times more likely than white youth to play tackle football. In

440-515: The rules of high school American football in the United States. In Canada, high school is governed by Football Canada and most schools use Canadian football rules adapted for the high school game except in British Columbia , which uses the NFHS rules. Since the 2019 high school season, Texas is the only state that does not base its football rules on the NFHS rule set, instead using NCAA rules with certain exceptions shown below. Through

462-456: The top four places in the state earns points towards a school's quest for the cup. At the end of the academic year, the school that has accumulated the most points in its class is presented with the award. High school football High school football , also known as prep football , is gridiron football played by high school teams in the United States and Canada . It ranks among

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484-462: Was not canceled, but several games were postponed or canceled. Some schools in the disaster area were forced to withdraw from competition. Most public schools in Orleans Parish , St. Bernard Parish , and Plaquemines Parish were so badly damaged that they were forced to cancel their entire school year. Other disaster-area schools combined to form joint teams in fall of 2005 and spring of 2006. By

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