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61-652: The Louisiana Derby is one of the major prep races on the Road to the Kentucky Derby . The first race at the "Louisiana Race Course", now the Fair Grounds Race Course took place spring 1838, proprietors Bernard de Marigny , Julius C. Branch, and Henry Augustine Tayloe – son leading turfman John Tayloe III founder of the Washington (DC) Jockey Club (1789) – offered on the fifth race day "The Louisiana Plate." A race

122-538: A jockey : Most wins by a trainer : ¹ Most wins by an owner: Road to the Kentucky Derby The Road to the Kentucky Derby is a points system by which horses qualify for a position in the starting gate for the Kentucky Derby . It features dozens of stakes races for 2 and 3-year-old Thoroughbreds – the number and specific races have changed slightly over the years. The point system replaced

183-481: A Triple Crown of Kentucky races to be held at Lexington, Louisville, and Latonia, then later a "Quadruple Stake" to include the Douglas Park racetrack. Neither of these appear to have materialized. The term "triple crown" in reference to the current three races was in use at least by 1923, although Daily Racing Form writer Charles Hatton is commonly credited with originating the term in 1930. The order in which

244-555: A combined margin of two lengths. His trainer John Veitch is the only trainer to have done this with one horse. In 1995, D. Wayne Lukas became the first and only major figure (owner, jockey, or trainer) to win all three Triple Crown races with different horses, Thunder Gulch in the Derby and Belmont, Timber Country in the Preakness. Lukas also is the only trainer to have won six consecutive Triple Crown races, adding his 1995 wins, having won

305-483: A deal with Chrysler to pay $ 5 million to any horse that swept all three races, and $ 1 million each year there was no Triple Crown sweep to the horse with the highest combined Triple Crown finish . This sponsorship lasted until 1993. The end of the $ 1 million participation bonus was linked to the breakdown of Prairie Bayou at the Belmont Stakes that year and the uncomfortable situation that arose when

366-457: A gap of 37 years. Between 1979 and 2014, thirteen horses won both the Derby and Preakness, but not the Belmont. Of those, Real Quiet came the closest, losing the Belmont Stakes by a nose in 1998. Another dramatic near-miss was Charismatic , who led the Belmont Stakes in the final furlong in 1999, but fractured his left front leg in the final stretch and fell back to third. Five other horses lost

427-563: A number of exceptions: jockey Johnny Longden was born in England and raised in Canada; Ron Turcotte was Canadian. French-born jockey Jean Cruguet ; and jockey Victor Espinoza , from Mexico. Jockey Willie Saunders is considered a Canadian jockey because he spent part of his childhood there, but was born in Montana . Laz Barrera , trainer of Affirmed, was from Cuba; Secretariat's trainer, Lucien Laurin

488-466: A previous qualifying system that looked at earnings from all graded stakes races worldwide. There are 20 positions available in the starting gate for the Kentucky Derby. Starting in 2017, one of those spots is reserved for the winner of the separate Japan Road to the Kentucky Derby. If the winner of the Japan Road declines the offer, their position is offered to the next ranked Japanese horse. If none of

549-533: Is the only other owner with two Triple Crown horses, 1941 winner Whirlaway and 1948 winner Citation . Eddie Arcaro is the only jockey to ride two horses to the Triple Crown, both for Calumet: Whirlaway and Citation. Those two horses' trainers, Ben Jones and Jimmy Jones, were father and son. All 13 horses were foaled in the United States. Most owners, trainers, and jockeys were American-born, though there were

610-834: The Florida Derby (G1) at Gulfstream Park, the Santa Anita Derby (G1) at Santa Anita Park, the Arkansas Derby (G1) at Oaklawn Park, the Louisiana Derby (G2) at Fair Ground Race Course, the Blue Grass Stakes (currently G2) at Keeneland Race Course and the Wood Memorial Stakes (currently G2) at Aqueduct Racetrack. There are two wild card races with points offered on a 20-8-4-2 basis. The series originally consisted of 36 races in 2013 and has since changed over

671-539: The 1945 Kentucky Derby was moved from May 5 to June 9, with the Preakness and Belmont following on June 16 and 23, respectively. In 2020, the Triple Crown was altered from its usual sequence due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic . The adjusted schedule started with the Belmont Stakes on June 20, at the shortened distance of 1 + 1 ⁄ 8 miles (9 furlongs). The Kentucky Derby ran on September 5, and finally

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732-409: The 2023 Belmont Stakes , making Jena Antonucci the first female trainer to win a Triple Crown race. After the first Triple Crown winner, Sir Barton , in 1919, there was not another winner until Gallant Fox in 1930, a gap of 11 years. Between 1930 and 1948, seven horses won the Triple Crown, with five years being the longest gap between winners. However, following the 1948 win of Citation , there

793-627: The Kentucky Derby , Preakness Stakes , and Belmont Stakes . The three races were inaugurated in different years, the last being the Kentucky Derby in 1875. The Triple Crown Trophy , commissioned in 1950 but awarded to all previous winners as well as those after 1950, is awarded to a horse who wins all three races and is thereafter designated as a Triple Crown winner. The races are traditionally run in May and early June of each year, although global events have resulted in schedule adjustments, such as in 1945 and 2020. The first winner of all three Triple Crown races

854-509: The Kentucky Derby Championship Season. Race changes: The Virginia Derby will be added to the championship season with a points scale of 50-25-15-10-5. Points changes: For races with a points scale of 100-50-25-15-10, 50-25-15-10-5, Sunland Derby , and Lexington Stakes , fewer points will be offered if the starting field is too small. If exactly five horses participate in these races, points will be allocated at 75% of

915-525: The Kentucky Derby Prep Season and 16 races for the Kentucky Derby Championship Season. The 2023 road consisted of 37 races, 21 races for the Kentucky Derby Prep Season and 16 races for the Kentucky Derby Championship Season. The 2024 road consisted of 36 races, 21 races for the Kentucky Derby Prep Season and 15 races for the Kentucky Derby Championship Season. For 2024, the main Road to

976-640: The 1941 Triple Crown, also won the Travers Stakes that year, the first and only horse to date to accomplish that feat. American Pharoah , in addition to winning the 2015 Triple Crown, also won the Breeders' Cup Classic that year. As the Breeders' Cup was not established until 1984, American Pharoah was the first (and currently only) horse to sweep those four races, a feat now known as the Grand Slam . Arcangelo won

1037-458: The 1994 Preakness and Belmont with Tabasco Cat and the 1996 Derby with Grindstone . Like Veitch, only with two different horses, Bob Baffert also had second-place finishes in all three legs of the Triple Crown, both owned by Ahmed Zayat : in 2012, Bodemeister finished second in the Kentucky Derby and Preakness stakes to I'll Have Another , then Paynter was entered and finished second to Union Rags . Baffert and Zayat teamed up again for

1098-418: The 2015 Triple Crown victory of American Pharoah. Gallant Fox is the only Triple Crown winner to sire another U.S. Triple Crown winner, Omaha . Affirmed sired Peteski , winner of the 1993 Canadian Triple Crown . Jockey Julie Krone became the first (and currently only ) woman to win a Triple Crown race when she won the 1993 Belmont Stakes aboard Colonial Affair . Whirlaway , in addition to winning

1159-488: The 2026 Preakness Stakes is expected to be run at Maryland's Laurel Park while Pimlico Race Course undergoes planned renovations. At completion of the 2016 season, the three Triple Crown races have attracted 4,224 entrants. Of these, 292 horses have won a single leg of the Triple Crown, 52 horses have won two of the races (23 the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes, 18 the Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes, and 11

1220-463: The Belmont after winning only one of the first two legs. The first live national television broadcast of a Triple Crown race occurred with the 1947 Belmont Stakes on CBS. The following year, the Preakness Stakes was broadcast live and the Kentucky Derby was filmed to be broadcast the following day. Originally, the three races largely organized their own nominations procedure, marketing and television broadcast rights. In 1985, Triple Crown Productions

1281-475: The Belmont was 7 million when the Triple Crown was not at stake, whereas viewership averaged 13 million when it was. With the contract term ending, the NYRA went to ESPN on ABC for the 2006 Belmont, while the broadcasts of the Derby and Preakness remained with NBC. Visa chose to remain as a sponsor of only Kentucky Derby for the next five years. As a result of the divided broadcast, Triple Crown Productions

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1342-410: The Belmont. By 2014, six of the previous eight Belmont winners had not competed in either of the first two legs of the Triple Crown. Additionally, from 2006 to 2014, the Belmont winner was a horse who had not competed in the Preakness. Since all three events were inaugurated, as of 2023, 23 horses have won the Derby and Preakness but not the Belmont (ten of which placed): Another 30 horses have won

1403-566: The Derby for $ 200,000. The 2013 season consisted of 36 races (19 races for the Kentucky Derby Prep Season and 17 races for the Kentucky Derby Championship Season). The 2014 season consisted of 34 races (18 races for the Kentucky Derby Prep Season and 16 races for the Kentucky Derby Championship Season). The 2015 season consisted of 35 races (19 races for the Kentucky Derby Prep Season and 16 races for

1464-413: The Derby, their position is given to the next ranked horses on the list. Up to 24 horses may enter the race, with the bottom four point-earners listed as "also eligible". If any of the top 20 is scratched after entries are taken but before betting begins, the next ranked horse on the also eligible list will be eligible to run. If two or more horses have the same number of points, the tiebreaker to get into

1525-418: The Derby. The Road to the Kentucky Derby point system was created in 2012 to establish a "clear, practical and understandable path" to the first leg of horse racing's Triple Crown , according to the official website of Churchill Downs . A poll conducted by Churchill Downs prior to the changes showed 83% of respondents did not understand how horses became starters for the Kentucky Derby. The previous system

1586-473: The Kentucky Derby resembled the 2023 Road to the Kentucky Derby , originally intended to consist of 37 races (revised down to 36 races with the cancellation of the Sham Stakes ), with 22 races for the Kentucky Derby Prep Season and 15 races for the Kentucky Derby Championship Season with the following changes: The 2025 road consists of 36 races, 21 races for the Kentucky Derby Prep Season and 15 races for

1647-568: The Kentucky Derby Championship Season). The 2016 season consisted of 35 races (19 races for the Kentucky Derby Prep Season and 16 races for the Kentucky Derby Championship Season). The 2017 season consisted of 37 races (19 races for the Kentucky Derby Prep Season, 16 races for the Kentucky Derby Championship Season, and 2 races for the Japan Road to the Kentucky Derby). The 2018 season consisted of 46 races (20 races for

1708-625: The Kentucky Derby Prep Season, 16 races for the Kentucky Derby Championship Season, 7 races for the European Road to the Kentucky Derby, and 3 races for the Japan Road to the Kentucky Derby). The 2019 season consisted of 46 races (35 races in North America and Dubai on the main Road, 7 races for the European Road and 4 races for the Japan Road to the Kentucky Derby). Originally, the 2020 season consisted of 46 races (35 races in North America and Dubai on

1769-414: The Kentucky Derby and Belmont Stakes), and 13 horses have won all three races. Pillory won both the Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes in 1922, a year when it was impossible to win the Triple Crown because the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes were run on the same day. 10 of the 13 winners have been "homebreds", owned at the time of their win by their breeders. Jim Fitzsimmons and Bob Baffert are

1830-476: The Kentucky Derby but won the Preakness and the Belmont, and three won the Derby and the Belmont, but not the Preakness. The 37-year gap between the Triple Crown wins of Affirmed and American Pharoah drew criticism of the system. As far back as 1986, reporters noted that horses who were fresh for the Belmont had an advantage. In 2003, Gary Stevens stated in an interview with Charlie Rose that he did not believe there would be another Triple Crown winner because of

1891-484: The Kentucky Derby will be earnings in non-restricted stakes races, whether or not they are graded . In the event of a tie, those horses will divide equally the points they would have received jointly had one beaten the other. If an owner wants to run a filly in the Derby, she will have to earn points in the same races as the colts and geldings – points earned of the Road to the Kentucky Oaks are not transferable to

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1952-467: The Kentucky Derby winner, Sea Hero, was given the bonus following a seventh-place finish. In 1995, Visa took over the sponsorship with a 10-year contract, naming the series the Visa Triple Crown and offering only the $ 5 million bonus to a horse that could sweep the Triple Crown. Along with sponsorship by Visa, NBC Sports paid $ 51.5 million for broadcast rights to all three races, with

2013-456: The Preakness on October 3. 2020 also marked the first time for the Belmont Stakes to be run as the opening leg of the Triple Crown. Each Triple Crown race is open to both colts and fillies . Although fillies have won each of the individual Triple Crown races, none has won the Triple Crown itself. Despite attempts to develop a "Filly Triple Crown" or a " Triple Tiara " for fillies only, no set series of three races has consistently remained in

2074-502: The Triple Crown races, the Kentucky Derby (1:59 2/5 ) the Preakness Stakes (1:53), and the Belmont Stakes (2:24). At 18, Steve Cauthen became the youngest jockey to win the Triple Crown, riding Affirmed in 1978. At 52, Mike Smith became the oldest jockey to win the Triple Crown, riding Justify in 2018. Only one horse, Alydar , placed (finished second) in all three races. He was defeated each time by Affirmed in 1978 by

2135-515: The composition of the field and how the race itself is run given the absence of pure sprinters to ensure a fast early pace. The series is divided into two phases, the Kentucky Derby Prep Season and the Kentucky Derby Championship Series . The prep season consists of early races on dirt or synthetic surfaces over distances of at least one mile that typically are run between late September and late February. Points are awarded to

2196-511: The main Road, 7 races for the European Road and 4 races for the Japan Road), with only minor changes from 2019. However, the season was heavily disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic , which caused the cancellation or rescheduling of most of the major prep races. The 2021 road consisted of 36 races, 20 races for the Kentucky Derby Prep Season and 16 races for the Kentucky Derby Championship Season. The 2022 road consisted of 37 races, 21 races for

2257-407: The most Triple Crown victories with two apiece; Calumet's winners were Whirlaway and Citation. Eddie Arcaro rode both of Calumet's Triple Crown champions and is the only jockey to win more than one Triple Crown. Willie Simms is the only African-American jockey to win all three races that would compose the triple crown. During the 1898 Preakness Stakes he rode a different horse, Sly Fox and won

2318-455: The nomination fee was $ 600 which was to be paid by January 26, 2013. If the January date was missed, a late nomination fee of $ 6,000 could be paid by March 23, 2013. In addition, owners with qualifying horses were required to pay $ 25,000 to enter the Derby by May 1, 2013, and an additional $ 25,000 to start. If a qualifying horse was not nominated in either January or March, it could be supplemented to

2379-512: The only living Triple Crown winners. James E. "Sunny Jim" Fitzsimmons was the first trainer to win the Triple Crown more than once; he trained both Gallant Fox and Omaha for the Belair Stud . Gallant Fox and Omaha are also the only father-son pair to each win the Triple Crown. Bob Baffert became the second trainer to win the Triple Crown more than once, training American Pharoah and Justify. Belair Stud and Calumet Farm are tied as owners with

2440-430: The only two trainers to have two horses win the Triple Crown, with Fitzsimmons training the sire/son combination of 1930 winner Gallant Fox and 1935 winner Omaha and Baffert training 2015 winner American Pharoah and 2018 winner Justify . The wins by Fitzsimmons were also the first time that an owner and the first time that a breeder, Belair Stud holding both duties, had a repeat win of the Triple Crown. Calumet Farm

2501-476: The owner of Fair Grounds, Churchill Downs Incorporated , announced that they were moving the Louisiana Derby from eight weeks prior to the Kentucky Derby to only five weeks prior. They also announced that the distance of the Louisiana Derby would be increased back to 1 + 1 ⁄ 8 miles. Starting in 2020 the Louisiana Derby will be run at 1 + 3 ⁄ 16 miles. Speed record: Most wins by

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2562-734: The public eye, and at least four different types of races have been used. Two fillies won the series of the Kentucky Oaks , the Pimlico Oaks (now the Black-Eyed Susan Stakes ), and the Coaching Club American Oaks , in 1949 and 1952, but the racing press did not designate either accomplishment as a "Triple Crown". In 1961, the New York Racing Association created a filly Triple Crown of in-state races only, but

2623-445: The race. Secretariat holds the stakes record time for each of the three races. His time of 2:24 for 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 miles in the 1973 Belmont Stakes also set a world record that still stands. The three Triple Crown races had existed long before the series received its name: the Belmont Stakes was first run in 1867, the Preakness in 1873, and the Kentucky Derby in 1875. On December 31, 1912, Johnson N. Camden Jr. proposed

2684-476: The races are run has varied. From 1932 through 2019, the Kentucky Derby was run first, followed by the Preakness, and then the Belmont. Running the three races in a five-week span was instituted in 1969. The Preakness was run before the Kentucky Derby 11 times, most recently in 1931. Two times— May 12, 1917, and May 13, 1922 — the Kentucky Derby and Preakness were run on the same day. Scheduling has occasionally been affected by global events. During World War II,

2745-486: The races changed over the years. Eight fillies won the NYRA Triple Tiara between 1968 and 1993. Gelded colts may run in any of the three races today, but they were prohibited from entering the Belmont between 1919 and 1957. Geldings have won each of the individual races, but like fillies, no gelding has ever won the Triple Crown. The closest was Funny Cide , who won the Derby and the Preakness in 2003. Each of

2806-426: The races is held on a dirt track, rather than the turf surfaces commonly used for important races elsewhere in the world. In 2024, the Belmont Stakes will be run at Saratoga Race Course at the shorter distance of 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 miles due to the construction of a new grandstand and racing surface at Belmont Park . The final leg of the Triple Crown is also expected to be moved to Saratoga in 2025. Meanwhile,

2867-433: The revenue split giving 50% of the total to Churchill Downs and 25% each to Pimlico and to the New York Racing Association (NYRA). The Visa deal—and the cooperative effort—ended after 2005. The NYRA felt that they did not get a fair share of the revenue, particularly when the Belmont had the highest ratings of all three races in the years where a Triple Crown was on the line. From 2001 through 2013, average viewership for

2928-405: The tendency for owners to put fresh horses in the Preakness and Belmont Stakes. California Chrome co-owner Steve Coburn was particularly critical of the Triple Crown system in post-Belmont remarks in 2014; he considered the system to be unfair, arguing that there would never be another Triple Crown winner in his lifetime unless only horses that competed in the Kentucky Derby and Preakness competed at

2989-492: The top 4 finishers in each race on a 10-4-2-1 scale, except for the Breeders' Cup Juvenile, which has been awarded points on a 20-8-4-2 scale since 2016. The championship season consists of two legs and a "wild card" round. The first leg includes minor prep races, usually Grade II, with a 50-20-10-5 scale. The second leg consists of the Super Six Prep races, each worth 100 points to the winner. They include such historic races as

3050-501: The top four finishers accepts the offer, this position in the starting gate reverts to qualifiers on the regular Road to the Kentucky Derby. Starting in 2018, Churchill Downs developed a similar European Road to the Kentucky Derby. The remaining 18 spots in the starting gate (or up 20 if the European and Japanese offers are declined) are offered to the top finishers on the main Road to the Kentucky Derby. If one of those horses does not enter

3111-473: The value. If four or fewer horses participate in these races, then points will be allocated at 50% of the value. International road changes: There will be a Euro/Mideast Road to the Kentucky Derby which is rebranded from the European Road to the Kentucky Derby used in previous seasons. This series will consist of races from England, Ireland, France, and Unites Arab Emirates. The UAE Derby , which previously

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3172-502: The years to include 46 races with the addition of the Japan Road to the Kentucky Derby (beginning in 2017) and European Road to the Kentucky Derby (beginning in 2018) series. In addition to qualifying via the Road to the Kentucky Derby, various fees are required to start in the Derby: a nomination fee, an entry fee and a starter fee. For example, in 2013 horses born in 2010 were eligible and

3233-762: Was Sir Barton in 1919. Some journalists began using the term Triple Crown to refer to the three races as early as 1923, but it was not until Gallant Fox won the three events in 1930 that Charles Hatton of the Daily Racing Form put the term to common use. Only 13 horses have ever won the Triple Crown: Sir Barton (1919), Gallant Fox (1930), Omaha (1935), War Admiral (1937), Whirlaway (1941), Count Fleet (1943), Assault (1946), Citation (1948), Secretariat (1973), Seattle Slew (1977), Affirmed (1978), American Pharoah (2015), and Justify (2018). As of 2024 , American Pharoah and Justify are

3294-510: Was Canadian. Owner Fannie Hertz was married to John D. Hertz , who was born in Slovakia; owner Ahmed Zayat was born in Egypt. The horse Sir Barton was foaled in the United States but had a Canadian owner, J. K. L. Ross , at the time of his Triple Crown win. Justify's large ownership group included individuals from both the United States and China. Secretariat holds the stakes record for each of

3355-409: Was a considerable gap of 25 years before Secretariat ended the drought of Triple Crown champions in 1973. Between 1973 and 1978, there were three Triple Crown winners. After Affirmed's Triple Crown in 1978, the longest drought in Triple Crown history began in 1979 with Spectacular Bid 's failed Triple Crown attempt when he finished third in the Belmont. It lasted until American Pharoah won in 2015,

3416-470: Was also held at Jefferson Park from 1920 through 1931. The race was not held in 1895 through 1897, 1909 through 1919, 1921 through 1922, 1940 through 1942, 1945 and 2006. In 2006, the race was cancelled because the track was partially destroyed by Hurricane Katrina . The race was run at one mile in 1894; it was run at 1 + 1 ⁄ 8 miles from 1898 until 1988. The race has been run at 1 + 1 ⁄ 16 miles from 1989 through 2009. On August 11, 2009

3477-407: Was based on earnings from all graded stakes races , which essentially gave equal weight to earnings from juvenile races, sprints and even races on the turf as to the traditional Derby prep races. The new system completely disregards sprint races, and places heavy weight on later races, thus putting a premium on recent results. The points system has changed the way horses are prepared for the Derby,

3538-477: Was created when the owner of Spend a Buck chose not to run in the other two Triple Crown races because of a financial incentive offered to any Kentucky Derby winner who could win a set of competing races in New Jersey. The organizers of the three races realized that they needed to work together. Efforts to unify the sponsorship and marketing of all three Triple Crown races began in 1987 when ABC Sports negotiated

3599-633: Was held in 1894 and called the Crescent City Derby. The race was later renamed in honor of Fair Grounds' home state, Louisiana. Two winners of the Louisiana Derby have gone on to win the Kentucky Derby: Black Gold in 1924, and Grindstone in 1996. The 1988 winner, Risen Star , went on to become a "Dual Classic Winner" by winning the Preakness and Belmont Stakes . The race was held at Crescent City Race Course from 1894 through 1908. It

3660-611: Was part of the main road, has been moved to this series. The UAE Derby will retain the same points allocation as the previous season. The Cardinal Stakes has been removed from the Euro/Mideast road. United States Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing In the United States , the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing , commonly known as the Triple Crown , is a series of horse races for three-year-old Thoroughbreds , consisting of

3721-430: Was unable to obtain a new sponsor. Today Triple Crown Productions LLC, based at Churchill Downs , is responsible for collecting nominations to the annual Triple Crown races. In February 2011, ABC/ESPN dropped out of the negotiations to renew broadcast rights to the Belmont Stakes. NBC obtained the contract through 2015, once again uniting all three races on the same network. In 2014, NBC extended their contract for

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