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53-478: In the Squamish language , the name is Ch'ekxwa'7lech, meaning "gets dry at times". The English name for Lost Lagoon comes from a poem written by Pauline Johnson , who later explained her inspiration: I have always resented that jarring unattractive name [Coal Harbour] for years. When I first plied paddle across the gunwale of a light canoe and idled about the margin, I named the sheltered little cove Lost Lagoon. This

106-564: A schwa sound /ə/ , each with phonetic variants. There is a fair amount of overlap between the vowel spaces, with stress and adjacency relationships as main contributors. The vowel phonemes of Squamish are listed below in IPA with the orthography following it. /i/ has four main allophones [e, ɛ, ɛj, i], which surface depending on adjacency relationships to consonants, or stress. /a/ has four main allophones [ɛ, æ, ɔ, ɑ]. /u/ The consonant phonemes of Squamish, first in IPA and then in

159-482: A 20th anniversary reunion for Expo participants on May 2, 2006, at the Plaza of Nations site. A group of former BC Pavilion employees celebrated the 20th anniversary of the close of Expo 86 at a reunion on October 13, 2006, at the former Expo Centre (now Science World). Celebrating 25 years since its opening of Expo 86, Vancouver is Awesome and Yelp teamed up and threw a party at Science World on May 6, 2011. In 1988,

212-650: A Squamish-language program was made available at Capilano University . The program, Language and Culture Certificate, is designed to let its respective students learn about the language and culture. Additionally, Simon Fraser University has launched the Squamish Language Academy, in which students learn the Squamish language for two years. The aforementioned programs increase the number of active language learners each year. The vowel system in Squamish phonemically features four sounds, /i/ , /a/ , /u/ , as well as

265-411: A business trip to Los Angeles he saw a fountain and thought this would be a great gift for the city for their up and coming birthday, Golden Jubilee celebration. To build the fountain, Lost Lagoon was drained. Seventy piles were driven into the mud. On these a concrete mat was laid. The fountain was built upon this mat. The work was of necessity rushed; it was done in a month. "The fountain is worthy of all

318-1609: A concert series promoting local bands, was cancelled on the first night after a performance by Slow devolved into a riot . Other artists who had been scheduled to appear in that series included Art Bergmann . (Note: All amounts in Canadian funds, not adjusted for inflation.) 54 official participating nations: [REDACTED]   Antigua and Barbuda , [REDACTED]   Australia , [REDACTED]   Barbados , [REDACTED]   Belgium , [REDACTED]   Brunei , [REDACTED]   Canada , [REDACTED]   China , [REDACTED]   Cook Islands , [REDACTED]   Côte d'Ivoire , [REDACTED]   Costa Rica , [REDACTED]   Cuba , [REDACTED]   Czechoslovakia , [REDACTED]   Dominica , [REDACTED]   Fiji , [REDACTED]   France , [REDACTED]   Germany , [REDACTED]   Grenada , [REDACTED]   Hungary , [REDACTED]   Indonesia , [REDACTED]   Italy , [REDACTED]   Japan , [REDACTED]   Kenya , [REDACTED]   Malaysia , [REDACTED]   Mexico , [REDACTED]   Montserrat , [REDACTED]   Nauru , [REDACTED]   Norway , [REDACTED]   Pakistan , [REDACTED]   Papua New Guinea , [REDACTED]   Peru , [REDACTED]   Philippines , [REDACTED]   Romania , [REDACTED]   Saint Kitts and Nevis , [REDACTED]   Saint Lucia , [REDACTED]   Saint Vincent and

371-469: A concrete mixer on the future site of the Canada Pavilion, and offered the "invitation to the world." However, work was disrupted by labour disputes for five months. Still, Expo Centre opened May 2, 1985, as a preview centre for the fair. The fair was originally budgeted for CAN$ 78 million. However, final expenditures for the expanded event totalled $ 802 million, with a deficit of CAN$ 311 million. As

424-459: A large museum on the southwest shore. The $ 800,000 price tag, however, proved too steep for the board's budget, and the non-lake parts of the proposal were quashed. The next phase in the lake's development came in 1929, when the saltwater pipes entering from Coal Harbour were shut off, turning it into a freshwater lake. The BC Fish and Game Protection Association was given permission to stock the lake with trout. The Stanley Park Flyfishing Association

477-508: A modified Latin script called Sḵwx̱wú7mesh (1990). The Squamish-English bilingual dictionary (edited by Peter Jacobs and Damara Jacobs) was published by the University of Washington Press in 2011. In 1990, the Chief and Council of the Squamish people declared Squamish to be the official language of their people, a declaration made to ensure funding for the language and its revitalization. In 2010,

530-566: A new home, he became despondent, stopped eating, and died within a month. Vancouver's chief medical health officer at the time, John Batherwick, publicly asserted that the sudden eviction could be the cause of Solheim's death: "He'd been moved from where he was to a place he didn't want to be, and he simply lost his will to live and he died." Expo 86 was opened by The Prince and Princess of Wales , and Prime Minister Brian Mulroney on Friday, May 2, 1986. It featured pavilions from 54 nations and numerous corporations. Expo's participants were given

583-406: A variety of reduplication types, serving to express functions such as pluralization, diminutive form, aspect, etc. Squamish contains a large variety of reduplicative processes due to its lack of inflectional devices that would otherwise mark plurality, which allows for a range of different interpretations. Squamish sentences follow a Verb-Subject-Object form (the action precedes the initiator and

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636-539: Is a Coast Salish language spoken by the Squamish people of the Pacific Northwest . It is spoken in southwestern British Columbia , Canada , centred on their reserve communities in Squamish , North Vancouver , and West Vancouver . An archaic historical rendering of the native Sḵwx̱wú7mesh is Sko-ko-mish but this should not be confused with the name of the Skokomish people of Washington state. Squamish

689-633: Is most closely related to the Sechelt , Halkomelem , and Nooksack languages. The Squamish language was first documented in the 1880s by a German anthropologist; however the grammar of the language was documented by a Dutch linguist in the 1950s. The orthography or spelling system of the language came about in 1960s while the first Squamish dictionary was published only recently, specifically 2011. The language shares certain similarities with languages like Sechelt and Halkomelem which are spoken in similar regions. Anthropologists and linguists have been researching

742-582: Is sure to be one of the major attractions during the Golden Jubilee celebration. "We've had to hurry," says Mr. Williams," in that time 285 tons of cement have been utilized and all the special equipment was built." All equipment was built in Canada and the pumps were constructed in Vancouver. All union labor was employed. It was restored for Expo in 1986. Lost Lagoon is a popular place for park users for strolling

795-458: Is typical of Salish language family languages. Because the /ʔ/ character glyph is not found on typewriters and did not exist in most fonts until the widespread adoption of Unicode , the Squamish orthography conventionally represents the glottal stop with the number symbol 7 ; the same character glyph is also used as a digit to represent the number seven. The other special character is a stress mark, or accent (á, é, í or ú). This indicates that

848-498: The First Peoples’ Heritage, Language and Culture Council considered the language to be "critically endangered" and "nearly extinct", with just 10 fluent speakers. In 2011, the language was being taught using the "Where Are Your Keys?" technique, and a Squamish–English dictionary was also completed in 2011. A Squamish festival was scheduled for April 22, 2013, with two fluent elders, aiming to inspire more efforts to keep

901-619: The Space Shuttle Challenger exploded shortly after takeoff. The Soviet Union had an even more problematic theme: it celebrated the country's nuclear industry. But less than a week before the fair opening ceremonies, the Chernobyl nuclear disaster occurred. Many of the concerts were hosted by Red Robinson , Vancouver DJ. These concerts were held at the Open air Expo Theatre. The "Festival of Independent Recording Artists",

954-494: The 1950s, Dutch linguist Aert H. Kuipers worked on the first comprehensive grammar of the Squamish language, later published as The Squamish Language (1967). In 1968, the British Columbia Language Project undertook more documentation of the Squamish language and culture. The Squamish writing system presently in use was devised by Randy Bouchard and Dorothy Kennedy, the main collaborators on this project, using

1007-700: The Grenadines , [REDACTED]   Saudi Arabia , [REDACTED]   Senegal , [REDACTED]   Singapore , [REDACTED]   Solomon Islands , [REDACTED]   South Korea , [REDACTED]   Spain , [REDACTED]   Sri Lanka , [REDACTED]    Switzerland , [REDACTED]   Thailand , [REDACTED]   Tonga , [REDACTED]   United Kingdom , [REDACTED]   United States , [REDACTED]   U.S.S.R. [REDACTED]   Vanuatu , [REDACTED]   Western Samoa , and [REDACTED]   Yugoslavia . In all, 22 million people attended

1060-518: The Olympics, it was redeveloped into condos and park land. "Expo 86 will be remembered for the warm, friendly spirit that existed among the exhibitors, staff, 8000 volunteers and visitors." according to Kim O'Leary Some of the lasting contributions of Expo 86 to the city of Vancouver include: After the fair closed, many of the attractions were auctioned off to buyers. The dispersed Expo 86 buildings include: A group of former Expo 86 employees conducted

1113-613: The Squamish orthography : Other symbols include the glottal stop and stress marks. ⟨ʔ⟩ or 7 represent a glottal stop. Glottalization can occur on a variety of consonants (w, y, l, m, n), and after or before vowels. Glottalized sonorants are written with an apostrophe on top, whereas ejectives are written with an apostrophe after. The following table shows the vowels and consonants and their respective orthographic symbols. Consonants are sorted by place (bilabial to uvular descending) and type (Left – Plosives, Right – Sonorants and Fricatives). Squamish contains no voiced plosives, as

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1166-472: The Squamish language since the 1880s. After some time a written system was formed for the Squamish language, which was once an oral language. German anthropologist Franz Boas was the first to collect Squamish words, while anthropologist Charles Hill-Tout recorded some Squamish sentences and stories. In the 1930s, anthropologist Homer Barnett worked with Jimmy Frank to collect information about traditional Squamish culture , including some Squamish words. In

1219-554: The city prepared to welcome an influx of visitors, more than a thousand low-income residents of Vancouver's Downtown Eastside were evicted from their long-term homes in single room occupancy (SRO) hotels, sometimes with as little as a single day's notice. Because tenants were subject to British Columbia's Innkeeper's Act rather than the laws governing typical landlords and renters, the SRO owners were not required to give significant notice, or even written notice, of an eviction. Mike Harcourt ,

1272-483: The city's mayor at the time, hoped provincial laws might be changed to protect these residents, but the provincial government refused. The Patricia Hotel was among those establishments that evicted most or all of its residents, including a Norwegian man named Olaf Solheim. Solheim, who had lived at the Patricia Hotel for decades, was well known in the community but was evicted with just a week's notice. Although he found

1325-540: The conglomeration of many different exhibits of transportation networks. This included a 3.5-mile (5.6 km) monorail line that glided over the crowds included a trip to every zone. Other ground transports included the SkyTrain , a High Speed Surface Transport from Japan, and a French "People Mover." The transport of the sky was the Gondola, a boxcar hovering high in the air. The water taxis moved along four different ports on

1378-476: The development process, thus enabling the construction of important public infrastructure as the city grows, [which] has become a signature part of ' Vancouverism ', an urban development process and style for which the city has become world famous." The south eastern section of the site just underneath the former Expo Centre was redeveloped for use as part the Olympic Village for the 2010 Winter Olympics . After

1431-499: The expo and, despite a deficit of $ 311 million CAD , it was considered a tremendous success. It remains to date the second biggest event in British Columbia history and is viewed by many as the transition of Vancouver from a provincial city dedicated to extractive industries to a city with global clout. It marked a strong boost to tourism for the province. Many have also seen the fair as being at least partially responsible for

1484-595: The fair. The transportation theme reflected the city's role in connecting Canada by rail, its status as a major port and transportation hub, and the role of transportation in communications. The initial idea was to have "a modest $ 80 million transportation exposition that would mark Vancouver's 100th anniversary." It soon blossomed into a full exposition, thanks to the help of the Vancouver Exposition Commissioner-General at that time, Patrick Reid. The theme of Transportation and Communication led to

1537-553: The fate of the basin. As with most of the early controversies concerning the use of Stanley Park, organized labour was pitted against the more upper and middle class proponents of the City Beautiful movement . Trade union representatives argued that the majority working class population was in need of recreational facilities, while their opponents maintained that more aesthetic or ethereal considerations should take precedence in park development. The Vancouver Trades and Labour Council

1590-444: The home, as a way to reinforce the learning that takes place in the Sea to Sky School District schools. So far 15 families in the Squamish area are part of the program ... "The goal is to revive the language by trying to have it used every day at home — getting the parents on board, not just the children." Currently, there are 449 Active Language Learners of the Squamish language. In 2014,

1643-547: The initiator of an action precedes the goal). Sentences typically begin with a predicate noun, but may also begin with a transitive , intransitive , or passive verb . The table below summarizes the general order of elements in Squamish. Referents are nominal . Expo 86 The 1986 World Exposition on Transportation and Communication , or simply Expo 86 , was a World's Fair held in Vancouver , British Columbia, Canada from May 2 until October 13, 1986. The fair,

Lost Lagoon - Misplaced Pages Continue

1696-404: The lake followed the proposal for a fountain to be erected in the lake to coincide with the city's Golden Jubilee anniversary celebrations in 1936. For the mayor, it would be "a miracle of engineering," with the spray of water lit by virtually "limitless combinations" of colour. The public, in contrast, were not impressed by the proposal. Its $ 33,019.96 price tag was considered extremely frivolous in

1749-467: The lake, which were all removed between 1913 and 1916 during construction. The lake was formerly populated with non-native mute swans , whose wing tendons were clipped to prevent escape and the introduction of a non-native species into the environment. This practice was eventually discontinued, and the last three remaining swans were moved to an animal sanctuary in 2016. When the causeway was first proposed in 1909, an intense public debate took place over

1802-419: The language alive. Rebecca Campbell, one of the event's organizers, commented: The festival is part of a multi-faceted effort to ensure the language's long-term survival, not only by teaching it in the schools, but by encouraging parents to speak it at home. Squamish Nation cultural workers, for example, have begun to provide both parents and children with a list of common Squamish phrases that can be used around

1855-472: The last World's Fair to be held in North America. It was a great success, drawing over 22 million visitors, double that of Knoxville in 1982 and three times that of Louisiana in 1984 . The logo of three interlocking rings to make the 86 in the logo stood for the three main modes of transportation; land, air, and water. Up until the late 1970s, the 173 acres (70 ha) site on False Creek , where Expo

1908-622: The midst of an economic crisis. As written in The Sunday Sun Edition of the Vancouver Sun Newspaper, Saturday, August 8. 1936. The lead story in the Magazine section is; SECRETS OF THE FOUNTAIN. It was the conception and idea of then, Chief Electrical Engineer, Robert Harold Williams with Hume and Rumble Ltd. electrical contractors. R.Harold Williams designed and supervised the erection of the Vancouver's Golden Jubilee fountain. After

1961-413: The opportunity to design their own pavilion or opt for the less expensive Expo module. Each module was approximately two-and-a-half stories high and had the floor space equal to a third of a city block. The design was such that any number of the square modules could be placed together in a variety of shapes. The roof design allowed the interior exhibit space to be uninterrupted by pillars. This World's Fair

2014-736: The perimeter trail and bird watching. On the southeast corner of the lake is the Lost Lagoon Nature House, an old boathouse that is now an interpretive centre for the Stanley Park Ecology Society . While rare in recent decades, Lost Lagoon can freeze during a cold spell, permitting public ice skating and ice hockey . 49°17′45″N 123°08′26″W  /  49.295954°N 123.140559°W  / 49.295954; -123.140559 Squamish language Squamish ( / ˈ s k w ɔː m ɪ ʃ / SKWAW -mish ; Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim , sníchim meaning "language")

2067-519: The planning and operation of the fair. Local business tycoon Jim Pattison was appointed as CEO, and would eventually also become the president of the corporation. The chief architect selected was Bruno Freschi , the Creative Director was Ron Woodall, and Bob Smith was responsible for the production and design. Construction started in October 1983, when Queen Elizabeth II , Queen of Canada , started

2120-486: The re-election of the Social Credit party for its final term as a provincial government. Today, the western half of the site has and is continuing to be developed into parks and high rise condominiums . The eastern portion was used for the annual Molson Indy race, until it was cancelled in late 2004. Future plans call for the eastern third of the site to be developed into parkland and condominiums. The western third of

2173-474: The site is presently owned by the real estate investment firm Concord Pacific , which has its primary shareholder the Hong Kong billionaire Li Ka-Shing . The redevelopment took longer than expected, "set the standard for development in 1990s." "These new neighborhoods delivered substantial contributions to public infrastructure and overall livability ... Integrating community amenity contributions (CACs) into

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2226-588: The site was sold to the Concord Pacific development corporation for a fraction of the original cost, a move that proved to be extremely controversial. Premier William Vander Zalm and Peter Toigo were accused of influence peddling in the sale. While opening the World's Fair, Diana, Princess of Wales briefly fainted onto her then husband in a crowded hall in the California Pavilion. She recovered quickly in

2279-522: The site. The fair was awarded to Vancouver by the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE) in November 1980. However, once it became clear that the event would be a world exposition , the name was officially changed to "Expo 86" by Ambassador and Commissioner General Patrick Reid in October 1981, and, by the end of the year, Expo 86 Corporation was established as a nonprofit agency responsible in

2332-722: The theme of which was "Transportation and Communication: World in Motion – World in Touch", coincided with Vancouver's centennial and was held on the north shore of False Creek . It was the second time that Canada held a World's Fair, the first being Expo 67 in Montreal (during the Canadian Centennial ). It was also the third World's Fair to be held in the Pacific Northwest in the previous 24 years as of 1986 and to date, it still stands as

2385-528: The traditions of art, worthy of Vancouver's Golden Jubilee, and it will be a permanent, decorative joy in Stanley Park". "When operating , it is like a symphony concert, in motion and color instead of music, says Harold Williams, engineer, of Hume & Rumble Ltd., under whose personal supervision the work has been done." Vancouver's Jubilee Committee and private citizens who contributed are to be commended on their work in pushing for this beautiful fountain, which

2438-500: The vowel should be realized as louder and slightly longer. Squamish, like other Salish languages, has two main types of words: Clitics and full words. Clitics can be articles, or predicative clitics. Squamish words are able to be subjected to reduplication , suffixation , prefixation . A common prefix is the nominalizer prefix /s-/, which occurs in a large number of fixed combinations with verb stems to make nouns (e.g: /t'iq/ "to be cold" -> /s-t'iq/ "(the) cold"). Squamish uses

2491-486: The washroom, and left half an hour later. Prince Charles later said that her fainting spell was a result of heat and exhaustion. However, the Princess confessed several years later that it was actually caused by not having kept down any food for several days, the result of her eating disorder. She was chastised by her husband for not "fainting gracefully behind a door." On May 9, 1986, 9-year-old Karen Ford of Nanaimo , died at

2544-413: Was adamantly opposed to the idea of an artificial lake, and argued for it to instead be filled in for use as a sports field. The park board retained the services of T. Mawson and Associates, an architectural landscaping firm that had designed the park's zoo and many other facilities in Stanley Park. The proposal the board settled on featured an artificial lake with a sports stadium on the northwest side and

2597-513: Was categorized as a "Class II", or "specialized exhibition," reflecting its specific emphases on transportation and communications. The fair was known for the unfortunate ill-timing of the themes of both the United States and the Soviet Union pavilions. The U.S. pavilion centred around the country's space program. However, it had been less than four months after NASA had its worst disaster when

2650-412: Was created in 1916 by the construction of the Stanley Park causeway; until then, Lost Lagoon was a shallow part of Coal Harbour , which itself is an extension of Burrard Inlet . Native food gatherers used the low tide mudflats as a source for clams, and a midden on the north side indicates that a large dwelling once stood there. Prior to the construction of the causeway, settlers also built cabins around

2703-445: Was formed, and charged members to fish in the lake, while the park board profited from the canoe and boat rentals. This came to an end in 1938 when the walkway around the lake was constructed and the area declared a bird sanctuary. Civic budgets were significantly reduced during the depression , but the park board benefited from the free labour of relief recipients, who were used to landscape Lost Lagoon. The next controversy surrounding

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2756-448: Was just to please my own fancy for, as that perfect summer month drifted on, the ever restless tides left the harbor devoid of any water at my favorite conoeing hour and my pet idling place was lost for many days; hence my fancy to call it Lost Lagoon. The lake was officially named Lost Lagoon in 1922 by the park board, long after Johnson's death and, ironically, after the lagoon had been permanently lost after becoming landlocked. The lake

2809-570: Was staged, was a former CPR rail yard and an industrial wasteland. In 1978, Sam Bawlf (then BC Minister of Recreation and Conservation) proposed an exposition to celebrate Vancouver's centennial year (1986). The proposal was submitted in June 1979 for a fair that was to be called "Transpo 86." In 1980, the British Columbia Legislature passed the Transpo 86 Corporation Act, paving the way for

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