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27-540: Its chronicle, entered in the Lorscher Codex compiled in the 1170s (now in the state archive at Würzburg ), is a fundamental document for early medieval German history. Another famous document from the monastic library is the Codex Aureus of Lorsch . In 1991 the ruined abbey was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site because of its architectural and historical importance. The significant remains visible today are

54-436: A digital environment. The digitization project was envisioned in 2005 and launched in 2010 but at this point, many libraries and institutions had not yet photographed their manuscripts. Throughout the project, “…an immense change in the attitude towards the publication of digital facsimiles of medieval manuscripts could be noted. More and more cooperating libraries had set up their digitization studios or found commercial partners,

81-564: A small island in the Weschnitz . In 772, Gundeland applied to the highest authority, Charlemagne , who found in his favour. Gundeland gave the abbey with all his properties to the king, turning it into a Royal abbey. The abbey and basilica were then renamed in honour of Saint Nazarius: the main church of Saints Peter, Paul, and Nazarius was consecrated by the Archbishop of Mainz in September 774, in

108-590: Is 13 km southeast of Mainz , and 8 km south of Rüsselsheim . Trebur is located in the Frankfurt Rhein-Main Region . The cities of Mainz, Wiesbaden , Frankfurt am Main , and Darmstadt are located within 30 km of Trebur. Trebur borders in the North upon the community of Ginsheim-Gustavsburg and the town of Rüsselsheim , in the East upon the community of Nauheim and the town of Groß-Gerau , in

135-542: Is handwritten in Carolingian minuscule , and contains illuminated initials – for example, a huge "D" is presented on the first page. The codex consists of 460 pages in large format which contain more than 3800 entries. It is important because it details the gifts given to the monastery and the possessions belonging to it, giving some of the first mention of cities of the Middle Ages in central Germany , and in particular in

162-654: The Rhein-Neckar region. Over one thousand places are named. None of the original documents that were copied into the codex are known to have survived. The codex is now in the Bavarian state archive in Münich . This German history article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Trebur Trebur is a municipality in Groß-Gerau district in Hessen , Germany. It

189-585: The Thirty Years' War Lorsch and its neighbourhood suffered greatly. In 1621, Spanish troops pillaged the abbey and most of the buildings at Lorsch were pulled down. After the Archbishopric of Mainz regained possession of it in 1623, the region was returned to the Catholic faith. However, the abbey remained a ruin and served as a source of building materials for the whole region. The most depressed period for Lorsch

216-554: The 9th century by King Louis II , is the oldest largely intact monument of Carolingian architecture . The following historical names have been recorded: In 468 years, the monastery had 47 abbots.. Lorsch codex The Lorsch Codex (Chronicon Laureshamense, Lorscher Codex, Codex Laureshamensis) is an important historical document created between about 1175 to 1195 AD in the Monastery of Saint Nazarius in Lorsch , Germany. The codex

243-597: The 9th-century Torhalle (gatehouse), part of the abbey church, some of the wall around the abbey, and other walls and parts of buildings adapted to modern use. The abbey was founded in 764 by the Frankish Count Cancor and his widowed mother, Williswinda, as a proprietary church ( Eigenkirche ) and monastery on their estate, Laurissa. It was dedicated to Saint Peter and Saint Paul . The founders entrusted its government to Cancor's cousin, Chrodegang ( Archbishop of Metz ), who became its first abbot. The monastery

270-504: The Groß-Gerau district. The charge in Trebur's civic coat of arms is a symbol that first appeared on village limit markers in the 18th century, and then on the mayor's chain of office in the next century. Its origin, however, is unknown, although it has been suggested that it might symbolize the local geography, to wit, the meeting of the rivers Rhine , Neckar and Main . In Trebur stands

297-664: The Lorsch gospels, the Codex Aureus of Lorsch , now divided between the Vatican Library and the Batthyaneum Library in Alba Iulia , Romania ; the carved ivory consular diptychs of Anastasius (consul 517) that were reused for its bindings are urbane classicising works of art in themselves, and embodiments of the classical tradition of Byzantium as it was transmitted to Lorsch in the time of Charlemagne . In 876, shortly after

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324-668: The Pfalz again. Together with the Pfalz, Trebur was pledged to the County of Katzenelnbogen in 1248. The pledge was never honoured, and the Counts managed to acquire further sovereign rights in 1422. The Katzenelnbogen inheritance passed along with Trebur to the Landgraviate of Hesse in 1479. Together with Astheim and Geinsheim, Trebur became part of the Hessian Amt of Dornberg, from which arose in 1932

351-579: The Pious 's documents. Since the 9th century, a Pfalz , or Imperial Palace, has stood in Trebur. It arose from a royal court with an extensive taxation region, to which belonged, among other places, the constituent community of Astheim. Between 829 and 1077, 57 kingly stays are known to have taken place, a few of which are notable in the Empire's history. The Council of Tribur was held in this city in May 895. King Henry IV

378-585: The South upon the town of Riedstadt , and in the West upon the town of Oppenheim and the communities of Nierstein , Nackenheim and Bodenheim (all four in Mainz-Bingen ). Trebur consists of the four communities of Astheim, Geinsheim, Hessenaue and Trebur, as well as the rural area of Kornsand, and is home to some 13,000 inhabitants in 3,500 households. Trebur's first documentary mention came in 829 in one of King Louis

405-573: The abbey was mortgaged to the Electoral Palatinate . In 1556, Elector Palatine Otto Heinrich implemented the Protestant Reformation in his territories and dissolved the monasteries. He removed the contents of the library to Heidelberg , forming the famous Bibliotheca Palatina , just prior to Lorsch's dissolution in 1557/1563. The remaining members of the abbey's religious community were pensioned off and sent away. In 1623, after

432-427: The abbey was not allowed to elect its own abbots: they were appointed by the king. Emperor Otto I restored this right to Lorsch. A confrontation between ruler and abbot about the construction of the castle of Starkenburg within view of the abbey resulted in abbot Udalrich confronting the king at Trebur with 1,200 armed riders. Throughout the 11th century, the abbey flourished. Popes and emperors repeatedly favoured

459-506: The abbey with privileges and estates ranging from the Alps to the North Sea , so that in a short time it became not only immensely rich, but also a seat of political influence. It was declared a reichsabtei (a sovereign principality in its own right, subject directly and solely to the emperor ). In 1052, Pope Leo IX came to consecrate an altar in the burial chapel of the eastern Carolingians. By

486-490: The acceptance of international licenses and terms of use for digital images had increased and above all granting free access to digital data had become more common.” More than half of the 309 manuscripts were digitally reproduced by the holding libraries themselves. As of 2015, the Vatican holds over a third of the surviving Lorsch manuscripts, while the rest are spread out over seventy two institutions in twelve countries. During

513-427: The basilica of the monastery. In 766 Chrodegang resigned from the office of abbot, in favour of his other duties as Archbishop of Metz. He then sent his brother Gundeland to Lorsch as his successor, with fourteen Benedictine monks. That same year, there was a dispute about property rights between Gundeland and Cancor's son, and the abbey was moved to an Ice Age dune , a few hundred metres from its original location on

540-581: The capture of Heidelberg, the Elector Maximilian of Bavaria presented the renowned library, 196 cases of manuscripts, to Pope Gregory XV . Leo Allatius was sent to superintend its removal to Rome, where it was incorporated into the Vatican library as the "Biblioteca Palatina". In 2014, the University of Heidelberg created a website, Bibliotheca Laureshamensis reuniting the surviving Lorsch documents in

567-544: The death of Ludwig der Deutsche (Louis the German), the abbey became the burial place for the first "German" king. His son, Ludwig der Jüngere (Louis the Younger, died 882), and his grandson Hugo (died 879) were also buried at Lorsch. The burial chapel ( ecclesia varia ) later continued to serve as a Royal burial ground, e.g. for Kunigunde (died after 915), wife of the first non-Carolingian king, Konrad I (Conrad I). From 895–956,

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594-443: The end of the 11th century, Lorsch had been visited by kings/emperors around 2 times. In 1090, a fire ravaged the abbey, and an extensive rebuilding was conducted in the early 12th century. The abbey, enjoying sovereign territorial rights, became implicated in several local feuds and in a number of wars. After 46 Benedictine abbots had governed the abbey, Conrad, the last of them, was deposed by Pope Gregory IX in 1226, and through

621-452: The influence of Friedrich II (Frederick II), Lorsch came into the possession of Siegfried III, Archbishop of Mainz , in 1232, ending the period of Lorsch's cultural and political independence. From 1232–48, Lorsch was used by the Cistercians . In 1248, Premonstratensian canons from Allerheiligen Abbey were given charge of the monastery with the sanction of Pope Celestine IV . In 1461,

648-481: The presence of Charlemagne. Many miracles were said to be wrought through the intercession of Saint Nazarius at Lorsch, and from all parts of Europe pilgrims in large numbers came to visit the shrine. In the course of the 9th century the library and scriptorium of Lorsch made it one of the cultural centres of Germany; its four surviving 9th-century catalogues show that it was rich in both Classical and Christian texts. Few Carolingian manuscripts are better known than

675-507: Was during the wars of Louis XIV of France in the late 17th century. Whole villages in the region were laid in ruins, the homes of the peasantry were burned, and the French soldiers torched the old abbey buildings. One portion, which was left intact, served as a tobacco warehouse in the years before World War I . The ancient gate house , the Königshalle or aula regia ("king's hall"), built in

702-518: Was especially strongly connected to Trebur. He was elected King here in 1053, and he also wed here in 1066. In 1076 he was forced by opposing princes at the Fürstentag in Trebur to settle his conflict with the Pope , which gave rise to Henry's " Walk to Canossa ". Trebur subsequently lost its importance as a royal court. Other than the anti-king ( Gegenkönig ) Rudolf of Rheinfeld , no other king ever visited

729-408: Was settled by Benedictines from Gorze Abbey near Metz. The pious founders enriched the new abbey with further donations. To make the abbey popular as a shrine and a place of pilgrimage, Chrodegang obtained from Pope Paul I the body of Saint Nazarius , martyred at Rome with three companions under Diocletian . On 11 July 765, the sacred relics arrived and with great solemnity were deposited in

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