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23-589: Long Mountain may refer to: Geography [ edit ] China [ edit ] Mount Long (陇山), the southern section of Mount Liupan within Shaanxi province , which defines the western end of the Guanzhong region Jamaica [ edit ] Long Mountain (Jamaica) , a mountain in the Kingston area United Kingdom [ edit ] Long Mountain (Powys) , on

46-564: A minor marcher vassal based in the Longxi Basin as a buffer state on the western frontier of the Chinese civilization, sent troops to escort King Ping of Zhou along the journey. In gratitude, King Ping granted a mid-level nobility to the Yíng leader, Count Xiang , and promised him authority to permanently claim any lands his clan can recapture from the nomads. The resultant Qin state then spent

69-668: A mountain range in South Africa Long Mynd , Shropshire, England Long Range Mountains , Newfoundland, Canada Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Long Mountain . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Long_Mountain&oldid=1210974957 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

92-670: Is considered a 'green island' within the Loess Plateau . Most of the mountain's area is covered by forests. Guanzhong Plain Guanzhong ( Chinese : 关中 , formerly romanised as Kwanchung ) region, also known as the Guanzhong Basin , Wei River Basin , or uncommonly as the Shaanzhong region , is a historical region of China corresponding to the crescentic graben basin within present-day central Shaanxi , bounded between

115-534: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Mount Liupan Its southern section is known as Mount Long ( Chinese : 陇山 ; pinyin : Lǒng Shān ), which strides southeast through eastern Gansu and western Shaanxi province before joining into the Qinling Mountains , giving rise to regional names like " Longxi " (陇西, lit. "west of Mount Long"), "Longdong" (陇东, "east of Mount Long", referring to

138-649: Is from Guanzhong region that the Zhou state prospered and eventually conquered the Shang dynasty to establish the Zhou dynasty in 1046 BC. After the Quanrong nomads, with collaboration from Marquess of Shen , killed King You of Zhou and sacked the Zhou capital Haojing in 771 BC , the Western Zhou dynasty collapsed and the surviving Zhou court fled east to Luoyi . The Yíng clan , then

161-511: The Chinese Red Army arrived into the friendly Shaanbei region at the end of the Long March . It is one of the youngest mountain ranges of China. It is relatively narrow with a width between 5 and 12 km, and a length of around 240 km. The highest peak, Migangshan (米缸山), is at 2,942 m (9,652 ft) above sea level. Owing to its orientation perpendicular to humid winds, it

184-645: The Jing River valley basin region around eastern Pingliang , southern Qingyang and northern Xianyang ) and " Longnan " (陇南, "south of Mount Long"). It is the western boundary of the Guanzhong Plain , and is also the source of the Qian River (千河), a left tributary of the Wei River that flows through the prefectural city of Baoji . A poem of same name was dedicated to this mountain by Mao Zedong in 1935, when

207-490: The Qinling Mountains in the south (known as Guanzhong's "South Mountains"), and the Huanglong Mountain, Meridian Ridge and Long Mountain ranges in the north (collectively known as its "North Mountains"). The central flatland area of the basin, known as the Guanzhong Plain (关中平原; pinyin: Guānzhōng Píngyuán), is made up of alluvial plains along the lower Wei River and its numerous tributaries and thus also called

230-523: The Wei River from the ruined old Zhou capital of Fenghao . Four passes were then built to defend this new heartland against hostile attacks from both the east and the west. During the Warring States period , Qin grew powerful under Shang Yang 's legalist reforms, and militarily became increasingly more successful, and its rivals to the east claimed that the Qin army was a "troop of tigers and wolves", and it

253-775: The Wei River Plain . The region is part of the Jin - Shaan Basin Belt, and is separated from its geological sibling — the Yuncheng Basin to its northeast — by the Yellow River section southwest of the Lüliang Mountains and north of the river's bend at the tri-provincial junction among Shaanxi , Shanxi and Henan . The name Guanzhong means "within the passes", referring to the four major mountain pass fortresses historically defending

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276-510: The Guanzhong region include (from west to east) Baoji , Xianyang , Tongchuan and Weinan . The four major historic fortifications that enclose Guanzhong region are: Two more passes were later added, namely: Historically the most important fortress of the above passes was the Hangu Pass, which commanded the chokepoint on a narrow land corridor along the south bank of Yellow River and what

299-577: The Guanzhong region, and used it as his base to eventually defeat Xiang Yu in the subsequent civil war . After establishing the Han dynasty , Liu Bang created a new capital named Chang'an , which is just across the Wei River from the ruined Qin capital Xianyang. Since the Western Zhou dynasty, the area was the capital region of China for a total of 12 dynasties including the Qin, Western Han , Sui , and Tang . By

322-462: The Qin dynasty soon fell into chaos due to the corrupt rule of Qin Er Shi and Zhao Gao , and various rebellions broke out. In 206 BC , the rebel leader Liu Bang successfully invaded Guanzhong and forced the last Qin ruler, Ziying , to surrender the capital Xianyang, ending the Qin dynasty. Liu Bang entered the capital peacefully, and issued strict orders forbidding his troops from looting and harming

345-491: The borders of Powys, Wales and Shropshire, England United States [ edit ] Long Mountain (Hampshire County, Massachusetts) Long Mountain, just west of Tuxedo, North Carolina Long Mountain in Hardy County, West Virginia Other [ edit ] Long Mountain (radar) , Taiwanese air defense and BMD radar See also [ edit ] De Long Mountains , Alaska, United States Langeberg ,

368-490: The central part of modern Shaanxi province and the extreme northwestern tip of Henan province (the western half of Sanmenxia ). The average altitude of the region ranges from 300 to 700 m (980 to 2,300 ft) above sea level . Xi'an , the provincial capital of Shaanxi and the largest city in Northwest China , is located at the center of the region, mostly south of the Wei River. Other major prefectural cities in

391-419: The locals. However, he was forced to hand control over to another more powerful rebel leader Xiang Yu , who sacked, pillaged and torched Xianyang before enfeoffing the Guanzhong region to three surrendered Qin generals Zhang Han , Sima Xin and Dong Yi , collectively known as the " Three Qins ". However, merely four months later, Liu Bang returned with his newly appointed generalissimo Han Xin and reconquered

414-483: The next few centuries fighting off various nomads to its north and west and eventually consolidated its base in the Guanzhong Plain and the Loess Plateau . The Qin capital then relocated progressively east from Qinyi (in modern Qingshui County , Gansu ) to Yong (in modern Fengxiang County , Shaanxi ), then to Yueyang (in modern Yanliang District of Xi'an , Shaanxi), and eventually to Xianyang northeast across

437-464: The pass") region by the Qin people, who later conquered the eastern states and unified China as a centralized empire — the Qin dynasty — for the first time during the 3rd century BC . Afterwards, subsequent prominent dynasties such as the Han and Tang (both considered China's historical golden ages ) also had the crownland established in the Guanzhong region. The Guanzhong Plain traditionally includes

460-425: The region's natural vegetation is a mix between forests and steppes . Before human settlements converted the plains for agriculture , it was home to a diverse range of wildlife . The Guanzhong region became the heartland of the Zhou after Jī clan leader Gugong Danfu relocated his people south from Bin (modern day Binzhou, Shaanxi ) to evade the violent raidings by Xunyu , Xianyun and Di nomads. It

483-516: The region. The region was the traditional heartland of Qin state during Zhou dynasty and thus often nicknamed the " 800 li of Qin land ". The Yellow River , Lüliang Mountains and the eastern end of the Qinling separate the region from the (then) politically orthodox Central Plain , which is located east of the strategic Hangu Pass and therefore was historically referred as the Guandong ("east of

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506-450: Was often said that "Guanzhong produces generals; Guandong produces ministers". After constructing irrigation systems such as Zhengguo Canal , the already fertile Guanzhong region became extremely productive, allowing Qin state to become the preeminent power, repeatedly defeating and seizing more territory from its rivals to the east, and eventually unified China and established the Qin dynasty in 221 BC . After First Emperor 's death,

529-585: Was then the only traversable passage into the Guanzhong region from the North China Plain . The formidable resilience of the Hangu Pass was what enabled the Qin state to defeat numerous anti-Qin alliances formed by its eastern enemy states during the Warring States period . The average annual temperature is around 13 °C (55 °F), and the annual rainfall ranges from 400 to 900 mm (16 to 35 in), averaging around 600 mm. Because some years have low precipitation and evaporation rates are high,

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