120-676: FrightFest , also known as Arrow Video FrightFest is an annual film festival held in London and Glasgow . The festival holds three major events each year: a festival running five days over the UK late August Bank Holiday weekend, a Halloween event held in London in late October, and a festival in Glasgow held around February as part of the Glasgow Film Festival . The first event was held in London in 2000 and
240-746: A Q&A session after the film. Guillermo del Toro was also present to screen his film Hellboy alongside actors Ron Perlman , Selma Blair , and Rupert Evans , who similarly held a Q&A session after the film. Films shown at the event were Oldboy , Haute Tension , Toolbox Murders , Profondo Rosso , The Tesseract , Romasanta: The Werewolf Hunt , The I Inside , Hellboy , Monster Man , The Card Player , Buppah Rahtree , Code 46 , Calvaire , Ginger Snaps Back: The Beginning , The Eye 2 , One Point 0 , The Hillside Strangler , Casshern , The Machinist , and Creep . The Short Film Showcase screened Rex Steele Nazi Smasher , Oltro Ladrillo En La Pared (Another Brick in
360-602: A compilation of rare and odd trailers. The fifth FrightFest marked the final year that the event would be held at the PCC. This was also the first year the short movies were shown in one block and had an earlier start time for Saturday through Monday. Directors and producers who presented at the event included Park Chan-wook , Alexandre Aja and actress Cécile de France , Paco Plaza and Brian Yuzna, John Fawcett and Paula Devonshire, Hamish McAlpine, Brad Anderson , and Christopher Smith and actress Franka Potente . Smith and Potente held
480-420: A double bill with a Q&A session while Adam Green and Alan Jones conducted a live commentary for Hatchet . Reece Shearsmith and other cast and crew previewed footage from their film The Cottage and Emily Booth introduced a grindhouse trailers documentary. Films presented at the event were Black Sheep , Black Water , Hatchet , The Sword Bearer , The Signal , 1408 , Teeth , All
600-529: A larger area, similar in size to Greater London, although some outer districts are excluded and some just outside included. The Greater London boundary has been aligned to the M25 motorway in places. Further urban expansion is now prevented by the Metropolitan Green Belt , although the built-up area extends beyond the boundary in places, producing a separately defined Greater London Urban Area . Beyond this
720-519: A number of different sponsors over the span of its life, including the Horror Channel, Film4 , Volkswagen Lupo, Bizarre magazine (of which the August issue was given away free), Xfm, Zone Horror and Play.com . Poster and logo designs are provided by the artist Graham Humphreys . The following is a listing of each film and shorts (and previews) shown at the festival each year. The first FrightFest
840-403: A population density of 802 per acre (325 per hectare). In addition to the growing number of stores selling goods, such as Harding, Howell & Co. —one of the first department stores —located on Pall Mall , the streets had scores of street sellers . London's overcrowded conditions led to cholera epidemics, claiming 14,000 lives in 1848, and 6,000 in 1866. Rising traffic congestion led to
960-549: A population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 11,760 inhabitants per square mile (4,542/km ). The extended area known as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration, comprises a total area of 3,236 square miles (8,382 km ) has a population of 13,709,000 and a population density of 3,900 inhabitants per square mile (1,510/km ). Modern London stands on
1080-464: A pursuit. Neumann is caught and reveals that Mirus had been using the tunnels as private property for several weeks while concealing his specific activities in them. Corporal Bruno Baumann ( Jason Flemyng ) discovers plans for the complex while Corporal Tobias Ebert ( Jack Davenport ) finds a warning sign. Ebert also discovers a mine shaft where he is attacked from behind by a silhouetted figure resembling Kreuzmann. Baumann concludes there are Americans in
1200-551: A shadowy figure, joins Schenke. Mirus attempts to run away and becomes tangled in barbed wire. When Heydrich, Baumann and Helmut Franke try to blow the bunker door with a stick grenade, Schenke and Neumann mistake the noise for an American assault. They set the fuse to a demolition charge to blow the ammunition up and keep it from the Americans. Heydrich, Baumann and Franke's attempt to open the door fails. While searching for another exit they meet Schenke and Neumann who open fire thinking
1320-424: A showing of The Dead with live audio commentary by directors Howard J. Ford and John Ford, as well as five new short films paying tribute to the films of John Carpenter , each from a different director. The directors and their films were Jake West / Escape From New York , Sean Hogan/ The Thing , James Moran / Halloween , Marc Price/ They Live , and Ben Wheatley / Assault on Precinct 13 . Films shown on
SECTION 10
#17328592511711440-542: A temperate oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ). Rainfall records have been kept in the city since at least 1697, when records began at Kew . At Kew, the most rainfall in one month is 7.4 inches (189 mm) in November 1755 and the least is 0 inches (0 mm) in both December 1788 and July 1800. Mile End also had 0 inches (0 mm) in April 1893. The wettest year on record is 1903, with a total fall of 38.1 inches (969 mm) and
1560-641: Is 1,049.8 millibars (31.00 inHg) on 20 January 2020. Summers are generally warm, sometimes hot. London's average July high is 23.5 °C (74.3 °F). On average each year, London experiences 31 days above 25 °C (77.0 °F) and 4.2 days above 30.0 °C (86.0 °F). During the 2003 European heat wave , prolonged heat led to hundreds of heat-related deaths. A previous spell of 15 consecutive days above 32.2 °C (90.0 °F) in England in 1976 also caused many heat related deaths. A previous temperature of 37.8 °C (100.0 °F) in August 1911 at
1680-528: Is formed of two tiers: a citywide, strategic tier and a local tier. Citywide administration is coordinated by the Greater London Authority (GLA), while local administration is carried out by 33 smaller authorities. The GLA consists of two elected components: the mayor of London , who has executive powers , and the London Assembly , which scrutinises the mayor's decisions and can accept or reject
1800-689: Is headquartered in Thames House on the north bank of the River Thames and the foreign intelligence service ( MI6 ) is headquartered in the SIS Building on the south bank. Crime rates vary widely across different areas of London. Crime figures are made available nationally at Local Authority and Ward level. In 2015, there were 118 homicides, a 25.5% increase over 2014. Recorded crime has been rising in London, notably violent crime and murder by stabbing and other means have risen. There were 50 murders from
1920-618: Is held by an independent . The ministerial post of minister for London was created in 1994, however as of 2024, the post has been vacant. Policing in Greater London, with the exception of the City of London , is provided by the Metropolitan Police ("The Met"), overseen by the mayor through the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime (MOPAC). The Met is also referred to as Scotland Yard after
2040-553: Is known as London . It is the capital of the United Kingdom and of England by convention rather than statute. The capital of England was moved to London from Winchester as the Palace of Westminster developed in the 12th and 13th centuries to become the permanent location of the royal court , and thus the political capital of the nation. Greater London encompasses a total area of 611 square miles (1,583 km ) an area which had
2160-593: Is the fourth-most populous in Europe, with about 9.8 million inhabitants as of 2011. The London metropolitan area is the third-most populous in Europe, with about 14 million inhabitants as of 2016, making London a megacity . Four World Heritage Sites are located in London: Kew Gardens ; the Tower of London ; the site featuring the Palace of Westminster , Church of St. Margaret , and Westminster Abbey ; and
2280-523: Is the vast London commuter belt . Greater London is split for some purposes into Inner London and Outer London , and by the River Thames into North and South , with an informal central London area. The coordinates of the nominal centre of London, traditionally the original Eleanor Cross at Charing Cross near the junction of Trafalgar Square and Whitehall , are about 51°30′26″N 00°07′39″W / 51.50722°N 0.12750°W / 51.50722; -0.12750 . Within London, both
2400-492: The 28 Weeks Later , Doomsday preview footage, and a Don't fake trailer from Grindhouse . The short film The Bride was screened at the festival and on Saturday the Short Film Showcase was made up of the films We're Ready for you now, Dead @17, The Dear Hunter, Pig Tale, and Little Brats . FrightFest Xtra a one-day event held at The Phoenix Cinema, East Finchley on the following Saturday and presented Santo in
2520-529: The Black Death in the mid-14th century, London lost nearly a third of its population. London was the focus of the Peasants' Revolt in 1381. London was a centre of England's Jewish population before their expulsion by Edward I in 1290. Violence against Jews occurred in 1190, when it was rumoured that the new king had ordered their massacre after they had presented themselves at his coronation. In 1264 during
SECTION 20
#17328592511712640-901: The British Board of Film Classification and Westminster council, which they were unwilling to do as "a film of this nature should be shown in its entirety". Director Tobe Hooper was in attendance and hosted a Q&A on the main screen as part of Total Icons . Films shown on the main screen were Hatchet II , Primal , Dead Cert , Eggshells , The Texas Chainsaw Massacre , Isle of Dogs , F , Red Hill , Alien vs Ninja , Cherry Tree Lane , The Tortured , 13Hrs , I Spit on Your Grave , Monsters , Dream Home , The Pack , We Are What We Are , Damned by Dawn , Buried , The Loved Ones , Video Nasties: Moral Panic, Censorship & Videotape , The Dead , Bedevilled , Red White & Blue , and The Last Exorcism . The Film 4 FrightFest international short film showcase
2760-571: The Canary Wharf development. This was born out of London's increasing role as an international financial centre in the 1980s. Located about 2 miles (3 km) east of central London, the Thames Barrier was completed in the 1980s to protect London against tidal surges from the North Sea . The Greater London Council was abolished in 1986, leaving London with no central administration until 2000 and
2880-567: The City of London , but since then it has also referred to the County of London and to Greater London . In 1993, remains of a Bronze Age bridge were found on the south River Thames foreshore, upstream from Vauxhall Bridge . Two of the timbers were radiocarbon dated to 1750–1285 BC. In 2010, foundations of a large timber structure, dated to 4800–4500 BC, were found on the Thames' south foreshore downstream from Vauxhall Bridge. Both structures are on
3000-648: The Corn Laws in 1846 was specifically aimed at weakening Dutch economic power. London then overtook Amsterdam as the leading international financial centre. With the onset of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, an unprecedented growth in urbanisation took place, and the number of High Streets (the primary street for retail in Britain) rapidly grew. London was the world's largest city from about 1831 to 1925 , with
3120-779: The FA Cup Final , the Wimbledon Tennis Championships , and the London Marathon . It became the first city to host three Summer Olympic Games upon hosting the 2012 Summer Olympics . London is an ancient name, attested in the first century AD, usually in the Latinised form Londinium . Modern scientific analyses of the name must account for the origins of the different forms found in early sources: Latin (usually Londinium ), Old English (usually Lunden ), and Welsh (usually Llundein ), with reference to
3240-553: The Georgian era , new districts such as Mayfair were formed in the west; new bridges over the Thames encouraged development in South London . In the east, the Port of London expanded downstream. London's development as an international financial centre matured for much of the 18th century. In 1762, George III acquired Buckingham House , which was enlarged over the next 75 years. During
3360-494: The Glasgow Film Festival . The Festival has been host to many personal appearances by those involved with the making of the films being shown. Notable attendees include George A. Romero , Rob Zombie , Paul W. S. Anderson , Park Chan-wook , Danny Boyle , Guillermo del Toro (twice), Brian Yuzna , Neil Marshall , Uwe Boll , John Landis , Don Mancini , Barbara Crampton (twice), Kane Hodder , Gaspar Noé , Richard Brake , Adam Green , and Tobe Hooper . FrightFest has had
3480-488: The Greater London Authority . As one of the world's major global cities , London exerts a strong influence on world art , entertainment, fashion , commerce, finance, education , healthcare , media , science, technology, tourism , transport , and communications. Despite a post- Brexit exodus of stock listings from the London Stock Exchange , London remains a European economic powerhouse, and one of
3600-609: The King's Road , Chelsea and Carnaby Street . The role of trendsetter revived in the punk era. In 1965 London's political boundaries were expanded in response to the growth of the urban area and a new Greater London Council was created. During The Troubles in Northern Ireland, London was hit from 1973 by bomb attacks by the Provisional Irish Republican Army . These attacks lasted for two decades, starting with
3720-654: The London Ambulance Service (LAS) NHS Trust , the largest free-at-the-point-of-use emergency ambulance service in the world. The London Air Ambulance charity operates in conjunction with the LAS where required. Her Majesty's Coastguard and the Royal National Lifeboat Institution operate on the River Thames , which is under the jurisdiction of the Port of London Authority from Teddington Lock to
FrightFest (film festival) - Misplaced Pages Continue
3840-748: The Mediterranean was normally through Antwerp and over the Alps ; any ships passing through the Strait of Gibraltar to or from England were likely to be Italian or Ragusan . The reopening of the Netherlands to English shipping in January 1565 spurred a burst of commercial activity. The Royal Exchange was founded. Mercantilism grew and monopoly traders such as the East India Company were founded as trade expanded to
3960-594: The New Model Army entered London in 1647, and they were levelled by Parliament the same year. London was plagued by disease in the early 17th century, culminating in the Great Plague of 1665–1666, which killed up to 100,000 people, or a fifth of the population. The Great Fire of London broke out in 1666 in Pudding Lane in the city and quickly swept through the wooden buildings. Rebuilding took over ten years and
4080-554: The New World . London became the main North Sea port, with migrants arriving from England and abroad. The population rose from about 50,000 in 1530 to about 225,000 in 1605. In the 16th century, William Shakespeare and his contemporaries lived in London during English Renaissance theatre . Shakespeare's Globe Theatre was constructed in 1599 in Southwark . Stage performances came to a halt in London when Puritan authorities shut down
4200-590: The Old Bailey bombing . Racial inequality was highlighted by the 1981 Brixton riot . Greater London's population declined in the decades after the Second World War, from an estimated peak of 8.6 million in 1939 to around 6.8 million in the 1980s. The principal ports for London moved downstream to Felixstowe and Tilbury , with the London Docklands area becoming a focus for regeneration, including
4320-513: The River Thames in southeast England, at the head of a 50-mile (80 km) estuary down to the North Sea , and has been a major settlement for nearly 2,000 years. Its ancient core and financial centre , the City of London , was founded by the Romans as Londinium and has retained its medieval boundaries. The City of Westminster , to the west of the City of London, has been the centuries-long host of
4440-637: The Second Barons' War , Simon de Montfort 's rebels killed 500 Jews while attempting to seize records of debts. During the Tudor period , the Reformation produced a gradual shift to Protestantism . Much of London property passed from church to private ownership, which accelerated trade and business in the city. In 1475, the Hanseatic League set up a main trading base ( kontor ) of England in London, called
4560-568: The Stalhof or Steelyard . It remained until 1853, when the Hanseatic cities of Lübeck , Bremen and Hamburg sold the property to South Eastern Railway . Woollen cloth was shipped undyed and undressed from 14th/15th century London to the nearby shores of the Low Countries . Yet English maritime enterprise hardly reached beyond the seas of north-west Europe . The commercial route to Italy and
4680-543: The Thames , its primary geographical feature, a navigable river which crosses the city from the south-west to the east. The Thames Valley is a flood plain surrounded by gently rolling hills including Parliament Hill , Addington Hills , and Primrose Hill . Historically London grew up at the lowest bridging point on the Thames. The Thames was once a much broader, shallower river with extensive marshlands ; at high tide, its shores reached five times their present width. Since
4800-521: The Victorian era the Thames has been extensively embanked , and many of its London tributaries now flow underground . The Thames is a tidal river, and London is vulnerable to flooding. The threat has increased over time because of a slow but continuous rise in high water level caused by climate change and by the slow 'tilting' of the British Isles as a result of post-glacial rebound . London has
4920-504: The "Main Screen" and "Discovery Screen". This year introduced the Total Icons stand of films, sponsored by Total Film . Two films were pulled from the festival, the controversial A Serbian Film and Gregg Araki 's Kaboom , the latter of which was pulled by the director himself. Screening A Serbian Film would have required that the organizers screen a heavily censored version approved by
FrightFest (film festival) - Misplaced Pages Continue
5040-505: The 11th century, London was clearly the largest town in England. Westminster Abbey , rebuilt in Romanesque style by King Edward the Confessor , was one of the grandest churches in Europe. Winchester had been the capital of Anglo-Saxon England , but from this time London became the main forum for foreign traders and the base for defence in time of war. In the view of Frank Stenton : "It had
5160-494: The 18th century, London was said to be dogged by crime, and the Bow Street Runners were established in 1750 as a professional police force. Epidemics during the 1720s and 30s saw most children born in the city die before reaching their fifth birthday. Coffee-houses became a popular place to debate ideas, as growing literacy and development of the printing press made news widely available, with Fleet Street becoming
5280-582: The Alps , Inbred , and A Lonely Place to Die . The Short Film Showcase and Andy Nyman 's Quiz From Hell were also featured on the main screen. London London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom , with a population of 8,866,180 in 2022. The wider metropolitan area is the largest in Western Europe , with a population of 14.9 million. London stands on
5400-465: The Boys Love Mandy Lane , Shrooms , Fritt Vilt , Joshua , Storm Warning , Wrong Turn 2 , Disturbia , The Devil Dared Me To , Jack Ketchum's The Girl Next Door , The Zombie Diaries , Kilometer 31 , Spiral , Botched , WΔZ , Postal , Seed , Skinwalkers , and Dnevnoy dozor . Other footage shown at the festival was the screening of extra features from
5520-420: The City of London and the City of Westminster have city status . The City of London and the remainder of Greater London are both counties for the purposes of lieutenancies . The area of Greater London includes areas that are part of the historic counties of Middlesex , Kent , Surrey , Essex and Hertfordshire . More recently, Greater London has been defined as a region of England and in this context
5640-680: The Dead , Ils , Grimm Love , The Lost , Sheitan , H6: Diary of a Serial Killer , Ghost of Mae Nak , Puritan , Behind the Mask: The Rise of Leslie Vernon , and The Host . Short films screened at the festival were Gasoline Blood , In the Place of the Dead, Out of the Darkness , snatching time , Missed Call and Deadly Tantrum . The festival hosted the CUT! competition short film showcase, which
5760-727: The Demons , Clive Barker's Dread , Zombie Women of Satan , The House of the Devil , Case 39 , Heartless , and The Descent Part 2 . The short films Deadwalkers , Paris By Night of the Living Dead , and Sad Case were also hosted on this screen. Films shown on the discovery screen were Best Worst Movie , I Sell the Dead , I Think We're Alone Now , Colin , Black , Evil Things , Fragment , It's Alive , and Pontypool . The discovery screen also hosted 'The Horror of Writing' Competition. An all-night Halloween film festival
5880-399: The Exorcist , The Roost , 2001 Maniacs , Born to Fight , Day of the Dead 2: Contagium , P , Antikörper , and Wolf Creek . This year's shorts were not screened in a block as with the prior year. The short films screened were The Eel , The Ten Steps , The Victim , and Mrs Davenport's Throat . For its seventh year FrightFest began screening its films on Screen Two due to
6000-462: The Fest itself. The book was published through Revolver Books in 2006. Films screened at this year's festival were Night of the Living Dead , Dawn of the Dead , Day of the Dead , Land of the Dead , A Bittersweet Life , Evil Aliens , Do You Like Hitchcock? , Dead Meat , Ban the Sadist Videos , The Neighbour No. 13 , Wild Country , The Collingswood Story , Marebito , Red Eye , Night Watch , Dominion: Prequel to
6120-496: The Greenwich station was later disregarded as non-standard. Droughts can also, occasionally, be a problem, especially in summer, most recently in summer 2018, and with much drier than average conditions prevailing from May to December. However, the most consecutive days without rain was 73 days in the spring of 1893. The Bunker (2001 film) The Bunker is a 2001 war horror film directed by Rob Green , written by Clive Dawson and starring Jason Flemyng . In late 1944,
SECTION 50
#17328592511716240-435: The London area. This called for the Corporation of the city to extend its jurisdiction and administration over expanding areas around the city. Fearing an attempt by the Crown to diminish the Liberties of London , coupled with a lack of interest in administering these additional areas or concern by city guilds of having to share power, caused the Corporation's "The Great Refusal", a decision which largely continues to account for
6360-414: The Macabre , Dario Agento an eye for horror, The 13th Sign , Audition , and Cut . The short films Purgatory and In Memory of Laura were also shown. The second FrightFest was again held at the Prince Charles Cinema, where it screened The Devil's Backbone prior to its screenings in the United States and Canada. The film received a positive reception, prompting director Guillermo Del Toro to dub
6480-460: The Right One In , Autopsy , Martyrs , Jack Brooks Monster Slayer , The Dead Outside , The Disappeared , Mirrors , and Death Race . Other FrightFest events included the Zone Horror Cut short movie competition and the Film4 FrightFest short film showcase. The short films in the showcase were The Chest , The Amazing Trousers , Homework , is anyone there , Psycho Hillbilly Massacre , and Total Fury . Other short films shown at
6600-438: The Trailer Trash event. A charity screening Severance was held as the opening event to the festival with the proceeds going to the Teenage Cancer Trust . Director Christopher Smith and screenwriter James Moran presented the movie. Guillermo del Toro and Alfonse Cuarón were also present at the festival for the UK premiere of Pan's Labyrinth , which occurred after an afternoon Hammer retrospective. Other presenters at
6720-405: The Viking incursions formally agreed by the Danish warlord , Guthrum and the West Saxon king Alfred the Great in 886. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that Alfred "refounded" London in 886. Archaeological research shows this involved abandonment of Lundenwic and a revival of life and trade within the old Roman walls . London then grew slowly until a dramatic increase in about 950. By
6840-405: The Wall), La Guarida Del Ermitano (In The Hermits Lair), L'Autre (The Other), and Amor So De Mae (Love from Mother Only). The event Trailer Trash was not present this year, but was replaced with the second reel of Alien vs. Predator . Don Mancini screened a rough cut trailer for Seed of Chucky . In its sixth year FrightFest moved to Screen One of the Odeon West End. Another change from
6960-403: The Wax Museum , Espectro , and Mr. Brooks . The ninth FrightFest was held from 21 through 25 August 2008 and was once again sponsored by Film4. It would also be the last year that it would be held at Odeon West End and that that FrightFest 2009 would move to the Empire in Leicester Square. This year's programme featured artwork by Graham Humphreys and weekend passes for the event sold out on
7080-510: The area, where victims of the Black Plague were massacred on the orders of a stranger who influenced the townspeople to turn against one another. During the night, tunnels are discovered beneath the bunker. Corporal Schenke ( Andrew Tiernan ) wants to explore them but Lieutenant Hercule Krupp ( Simon Kunz ) refuses. Mirus sneaks into the tunnels and a curious Private First Class Wolfgang Kreuzmann ( Eddie Marsan ) follows him. When they are discovered missing, Krupp believes they've deserted and orders
7200-413: The barbed wire. When he sees American soldiers, he waves a handkerchief to surrender. The film cuts to a flashback in which Baumann's squad is marching through a field on a sunny day, coming upon a group of deserters about to be executed. Baumann is asked to participate in the firing party. Baumann shoots at a man who is praying, and misses before hitting him twice. An officer delivers the coup de grace and
7320-437: The centre of the British press. The invasion of Amsterdam by Napoleonic armies led many financiers to relocate to London and the first London international issue was arranged in 1817. Around the same time, the Royal Navy became the world's leading war fleet, acting as a major deterrent to potential economic adversaries. Following a fire in 1838, the Royal Exchange was redesigned by William Tite and rebuilt in 1844. The repeal of
SECTION 60
#17328592511717440-425: The city's metropolis. The City of London at its core once comprised the whole settlement, but as its urban area grew, the Corporation of London resisted attempts to amalgamate the city with its suburbs , causing "London" to be defined several ways. Forty per cent of Greater London is covered by the London post town , in which 'London' forms part of postal addresses. The London telephone area code (020) covers
7560-412: The city, to intimidate the inhabitants. In 1097, William II began building Westminster Hall , near the abbey. It became the basis of a new Palace of Westminster . In the 12th century, the institutions of central government, which had hitherto followed the royal English court around the country, grew in size and sophistication and became increasingly fixed, for most purposes at Westminster , although
7680-443: The combined revenue expenditure by London councils and the GLA amounted to just over £22 billion (£14.7 billion for the boroughs and £7.4 billion for the GLA). The London Fire Brigade is the statutory fire and rescue service for Greater London, run by the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority . It is the third largest fire service in the world. National Health Service ambulance services are provided by
7800-500: The creation of the Greater London Authority . To mark the 21st century, the Millennium Dome , London Eye and Millennium Bridge were constructed. On 6 July 2005 London was awarded the 2012 Summer Olympics , as the first city to stage the Olympic Games three times. On 7 July 2005, three London Underground trains and a double-decker bus were bombed in a series of terrorist attacks . In 2008, Time named London alongside New York City and Hong Kong as Nylonkong , hailing them as
7920-419: The creation of the London Underground , the world's first urban rail network . The Metropolitan Board of Works oversaw infrastructure expansion in the capital and some surrounding counties; it was abolished in 1889 when the London County Council was created out of county areas surrounding the capital. From the early years of the 20th century onwards, teashops were found on High Streets across London and
8040-713: The driest is 1921, with a total fall of 12.1 inches (308 mm). The average annual precipitation amounts to about 600mm, which is half the annual rainfall of New York City . Despite relatively low annual precipitation, London receives 109.6 rainy days on the 1.0mm threshold annually. London is vulnerable to climate change , and there is concern among hydrological experts that households may run out of water before 2050. Temperature extremes in London range from 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) at Heathrow on 19 July 2022 down to −17.4 °C (0.7 °F) at Northolt on 13 December 1981. Records for atmospheric pressure have been kept at London since 1692. The highest pressure ever reported
8160-458: The event were Confessions , Altitude , The Silent House , Choose , and Rare Exports: A Christmas Tale . The twelfth FrightFest took place from 25 to 29 August 2011 at the Empire, Leicester Square . The opening film of the festival was Don't Be Afraid of the Dark and the closing film was A Lonely Place to Die . The Total Film Total Icon interview this year was with film producer Larry Fessenden . The festival also featured
8280-420: The event. Question and Answer sessions are also compered by them. For five years the festival was held at the Prince Charles Cinema (PCC). In 2005, it moved to the Odeon West End (OWE) due to increasing audiences. In 2009, it found a new home in Empire, Leicester Square . Various one-off events have been held at venues across the UK. The Fright Fest brand has been included in the Cambridge Film Festival and
8400-467: The festival included Adam Green , Billy O'Brien, Jordan Baker, Adam Mason, Simon Rumley, Mark Duffied , Hadi Hajaig , David Soul , and Nick Moran . Additional films screened at the festival were The Hound of the Baskervilles , Countess Dracula , Twins of Evil , Hatchet , Frostbiten , Isolation , Earthlings Ugly Bags of Mostly Water , See No Evil , Open Water 2: Adrift , Snoop Dogg's Hood of Horror , Broken , The Living and
8520-410: The festival included Jake West , Conor McMahon , Carl Daft, Samantha Shields and Nicola Muldoon , Ti West , David McGillivray, Paul Spurrier, Christian Alvart, and Greg McLean with Cassandra Magrath and Kestie Morassi . This year also saw the creation of Alan Jones' FrightFest Year Book. The book is a retrospective of genre films of that year and included an opening chapter concerned itself with
8640-471: The festival were Nine Lives , Frailty , The Princess Blade , Donnie Darko , The Eye , Halloween: Resurrection , One Hour Photo , My Little Eye , Swimfan , Tuno Negro , Dark Water , Spider , The Happiness of the Katakuris , Bloody Mallory , Insomnia , and Ted Bundy . The short films for this event were Pissboy', The Cicerones , and Whacked . The fourth FrightFest
8760-448: The festival were The Listening Dead and Left Turn , and Norman J. Warren introduced a separate compendium of shorts. An all-night Halloween film festival was shown on 30 October 2008. Films shown at the event were Gnaw , Hush , Book Of Blood , Treevenge , My Name Is Bruce , The Children , Langliena: Una Storia Macabra, Escape From New York , Splinter , and Pig Hunt . FrightFest 2009 ran from 27 to 31 August and
8880-551: The festival “the Woodstock of gore”. Films shown were The Bunker , Revelation , Kiss of the Dragon , Cubbyhouse , Sleepless , Scary Movie 2 , The Devil's Backbone , The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 , Cradle of Fear , Dust, Brotherhood of the Wolf , Battle Royale , Alone, The Isle , Ginger Snaps , and Jeepers Creepers . An episode of the television series Urban Gothic and
9000-507: The film festival were Eden Lake , I Know How Many Runs You Scored Last Summer , Scar-3D , Time Crimes , King of the Hill , Trailer Park of Terror , Mum & Dad , The Strangers , Freakdog , Bad Biology , Fear(s) of the Dark , Dance of the Dead , Manhunt , The Chaser , The Midnight Meat Train , Tokyo Gore Police , Bubba's Chili Parlor , From Within , Let
9120-403: The firing party pose for photographs with the executed man. Baumann's flashback ends and he staggers off to surrender to the Americans. The film was released on DVD by Film 2000 on 21 April 2003. It was re-released a year later by MTI Home Video. AllMovie gave the film a mixed review stating, "The Bunker is an admirable horror outing that comes close to delivering the shocks, but ends up on
9240-603: The first Muslim mayor of a major Western capital. The mayor's statutory planning strategy is published as the London Plan , which was most recently revised in 2011. The local authorities are the councils of the 32 London boroughs and the City of London Corporation . They are responsible for most local services, such as local planning, schools, libraries, leisure and recreation, social services , local roads and refuse collection. Certain functions, such as waste management , are provided through joint arrangements. In 2009–2010
9360-547: The first Glasgow festival was held in 2006. As its name indicates FrightFest primary focus is on the horror film genre, however, the event regularly features documentaries, science fiction and thriller films. Paul McEvoy has stated that his initial idea for FrightFest "came from my love and admiration for the seminal 'Shock Around The Clock' events of the 1980s organised by Stefan Jaworszyn and Alan Jones." He then reached out to Ian Rattray, journalist Alan Jones , film and television PR person and Greg Day, with whom he founded and ran
9480-436: The first day of sales. The festival's opening film was Eden Lake , which was presented by James Watkins and actors Michael Fassbender and Jack O'Connell . Directors Adam Green and Joe Lynch were also present at the festival as "The Douche Brothers" and provided 5 short movies depicting their fictional journey to FrightFest 2008, each of which played before the day's early evening movie. The opening reel of Book of Blood
9600-840: The historic settlement in Greenwich where the Royal Observatory defines the prime meridian (0° longitude ) and Greenwich Mean Time . Other landmarks include Buckingham Palace , the London Eye , Piccadilly Circus , St Paul's Cathedral , Tower Bridge , and Trafalgar Square . The city has the most museums , art galleries, libraries, and cultural venues in the UK, including the British Museum , National Gallery , Natural History Museum , Tate Modern , British Library , and numerous West End theatres. Important sporting events held in London include
9720-412: The increase of attendees. The festival brochure/programme expanded too with an original comic strip (Intermission by John-Paul Kamath of London Horror Comic ) and an original short story by author/critic Kim Newman . Dave Andrew composed music for FrightFest, which played between movies and a FrightFest exclusive trailer for Hot Fuzz was presented by Edgar Wright . This year also marked the return of
9840-404: The known developments over time of sounds in those different languages. It is agreed that the name came into these languages from Common Brythonic ; recent work tends to reconstruct the lost Celtic form of the name as * Londonjon or something similar. This was then adapted into Latin as Londinium and borrowed into Old English. Until 1889, the name "London" applied officially only to
9960-622: The location of its original headquarters in a road called Great Scotland Yard in Whitehall. The City of London has its own police force – the City of London Police . First worn by Met police officers in 1863, the custodian helmet has been called a "cultural icon" and a "symbol of British law enforcement". Introduced by the Met in 1929, the blue police telephone box (basis for the TARDIS in Doctor Who )
10080-466: The main screen were Don't Be Afraid of the Dark , Final Destination 5 , The Theatre Bizarre , Rogue River , The Holding , Urban Explorers , The Glass Man , Tucker & Dale vs Evil , Vile , The Troll Hunter , The Wicker Tree , Panic Button , Fright Night , The Woman , Chillerama , The Divide , The Innkeepers , Sint , Kill List , Detention , A Night In The Woods , Deadheads , Sennentuntschi: Curse Of
10200-455: The mayor's budget proposals each year. The GLA has responsibility for the majority of London's transport system through its functional arm Transport for London (TfL), it is responsible for overseeing the city's police and fire services, and also for setting a strategic vision for London on a range of issues. The headquarters of the GLA is City Hall , Newham. The mayor since 2016 has been Sadiq Khan ,
10320-650: The most diverse cities in the world. In 1951, the Festival of Britain was held on the South Bank . The Great Smog of 1952 led to the Clean Air Act 1956 , which ended the " pea soup fogs " for which London had been notorious, and had earned it the nickname the "Big Smoke". Starting mainly in the mid-1960s, London became a centre for worldwide youth culture , exemplified by the Swinging London sub-culture associated with
10440-468: The national government and parliament . London grew rapidly in the 19th century , becoming the world's largest city at the time . Since the 19th century, the name "London" has referred to the metropolis around the City of London, historically split between the counties of Middlesex , Essex , Surrey , Kent , and Hertfordshire , which since 1965 has largely comprised the administrative area of Greater London , governed by 33 local authorities and
10560-467: The old Roman city. By about 680 the city had become a major port again, but there is little evidence of large-scale production. From the 820s repeated Viking assaults brought decline. Three are recorded; those in 851 and 886 succeeded, while the last, in 994, was rebuffed. The Vikings applied Danelaw over much of eastern and northern England, its boundary running roughly from London to Chester as an area of political and geographical control imposed by
10680-486: The principal city of the Roman province of Britannia in 100. At its height in the 2nd century, Roman London had a population of about 60,000. With the early 5th-century collapse of Roman rule, the walled city of Londinium was effectively abandoned, although Roman civilisation continued around St Martin-in-the-Fields until about 450. From about 500, an Anglo-Saxon settlement known as Lundenwic developed slightly west of
10800-407: The prior festivals was that this year the festival started early on Friday morning. This was to support the opening movie Land of the Dead by screening the three preceding ...of the Dead movies. Gregory Nicotero made an appearance and displayed zombie props used in the making of the movies, after which director George A. Romero presented Land of the Dead . Others that presented their films at
10920-411: The remnants of a platoon of Panzergrenadiers are caught in an ambush by American troops. As they retreat, Private Hugo Engels is killed and the platoon finds a bunker occupied by Privates Heinrich Mirus ( John Carlisle ) and Michael Neumann ( Andrew-Lee Potts ) who have orders to defend it. Corporal Otto Schenke confronts Sergeant Theobald Heydrich about not counter-attacking. Mirus relates the history of
11040-462: The resources, and it was rapidly developing the dignity and the political self-consciousness appropriate to a national capital ." After winning the Battle of Hastings , William, Duke of Normandy was crowned King of England in newly completed Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066. William built the Tower of London , the first of many such in England rebuilt in stone in the south-eastern corner of
11160-624: The rest of Britain, with Lyons , who opened the first of their chain of teashops in Piccadilly in 1894, leading the way. The tearooms, such as the Criterion in Piccadilly, became a popular meeting place for women from the suffrage movement. The city was the target of many attacks during the suffragette bombing and arson campaign , between 1912 and 1914, which saw historic landmarks such as Westminster Abbey and St Paul's Cathedral bombed. London
11280-454: The royal treasury came to rest in the Tower . While the City of Westminster developed into a true governmental capital, its distinct neighbour, the City of London , remained England's largest city and principal commercial centre and flourished under its own unique administration, the Corporation of London . In 1100, its population was some 18,000; by 1300 it had grown to nearly 100,000. With
11400-534: The sea. London is the seat of the Government of the United Kingdom . Many government departments, as well as the prime minister's residence at 10 Downing Street , are based close to the Palace of Westminster , particularly along Whitehall . There are 75 members of Parliament (MPs) from London; As of June 2024 , 59 are from the Labour Party , 9 are Conservatives , 6 are Liberal Democrats and one constituency
11520-673: The short "The Road to Frightfest" films they had created for last year's festival. Films shown on the main screen were Triangle , The Hills Run Red , Infestation , The Horseman , Beware The Moon , An American Werewolf in London - Remastered , Shadow , La Horde , Macabre , Smash Cut , Hierro , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo , Giallo , Trick 'r Treat , Vampire Girl vs. Frankenstein Girl , Dead Snow , The Human Centipede (First Sequence) , Coffin Rock , Night of
11640-463: The short films The Window and Universal were also screened. The third year of the London FrightFest was held again at the PCC, where the front rows became available to weekend passholders for the first time. Director Danny Boyle screened the first reel of 28 Days Later and Paul W. S. Anderson and producer Jeremy Bolt appeared to show a promo for Resident Evil . Films screened at
11760-537: The south bank of the Thames, where the now-underground River Effra flows into the Thames. Despite the evidence of scattered Brythonic settlements in the area, the first major settlement was founded by the Romans around 47 AD, about four years after their invasion of 43 AD. This only lasted until about 61 AD, when the Iceni tribe led by Queen Boudica stormed it and burnt it to the ground. The next planned incarnation of Londinium prospered, superseding Colchester as
11880-424: The start of 2018 to mid April 2018. Funding cuts to police in London are likely to have contributed to this, though other factors are involved. However, homicide figures fell in 2022 with 109 recorded for the year, and the murder rate in London is much lower than other major cities around the world. London, also known as Greater London , is one of nine regions of England and the top subdivision covering most of
12000-725: The theatres in the 1640s. The ban on theatre was lifted during the Restoration in 1660, and London's oldest operating theatre, Drury Lane , opened in 1663 in what is now the West End theatre district. By the end of the Tudor period in 1603, London was still compact. There was an assassination attempt on James I in Westminster, in the Gunpowder Plot of 5 November 1605. In 1637, the government of Charles I attempted to reform administration in
12120-475: The trio are Americans. The three are driven back after running out of ammunition. Neumann fires at the trio while Schenke kills Franke and then threatens Neumann. The ammunition detonates and Heydrich, Baumann and Neumann flee with Schenke firing at them. The trio find the main exit blocked, try to escape through the mine shaft, and fire at an approaching figure. When Heydrich shoots Schenke with his flare pistol, he bursts into flames. Neumann manages to break through
12240-420: The tunnels, and uses a generator to turn lights on in the complex. Krupp asks Mirus to explain the mysterious activities but is interrupted by machine gun fire in the bunker. Rejoining the platoon, they discover they had been firing at nothing. Cut phone lines convince them Americans are in the tunnels. The platoon splits up and searches the complex. Mirus reveals his belief that his dead son is talking to him about
12360-420: The tunnels. Schenke and Krupp's search discovers Ebert's body. Another group discovers a mass grave and Kreuzmann is found catatonic and incoherent. Kreuzmann breaks away from the group and runs into Krupp and Schenke as they continue their exploration. Startled, Schenke and Krupp shoot him dead, in the process creating a collapse that kills Krupp. The gunfire alerts Neumann who enters the tunnel and, running from
12480-691: The unique governmental status of the City . In the English Civil War , the majority of Londoners supported the Parliamentary cause. After an initial advance by the Royalists in 1642, culminating in the battles of Brentford and Turnham Green , London was surrounded by a defensive perimeter wall known as the Lines of Communication . The lines were built by up to 20,000 people, and were completed in under two months. The fortifications failed their only test when
12600-427: The wall of the mass grave with his entrenching tool and into open air. Heydrich is stabbed by Schenke who survived the fire, and Baumann assaults Schenke with bare hands. Heydrich is killed during the altercation and Baumann escapes with Neumann, throwing a grenade into the grave with Schenke where it explodes. Corporal Baumann gives Neumann permission to surrender to the Americans and he sets off, finding Mirus' body in
12720-413: The world's busiest city airport system . The London Underground is the world's oldest rapid transit system. London's diverse cultures encompass over 300 languages. The 2023 population of Greater London of just under 10 million made it Europe's third-most populous city , accounting for 13.4% of the United Kingdom's population and over 16% of England's population. The Greater London Built-up Area
12840-461: The world's major financial centres . It hosts Europe's largest concentration of higher education institutions , some of which are the highest-ranked academic institutions in the world: Imperial College London in natural and applied sciences , the London School of Economics in social sciences , and the comprehensive University College London . It is the most visited city in Europe and has
12960-625: The world's three most influential global cities . In January 2015, Greater London's population was estimated to be 8.63 million, its highest since 1939. During the Brexit referendum in 2016, the UK as a whole decided to leave the European Union , but most London constituencies voted for remaining. However, Britain's exit from the EU in early 2020 only marginally weakened London's position as an international financial centre. The administration of London
13080-1014: Was bombed by the Germans in the First World War , and during the Second World War , the Blitz and other bombings by the German Luftwaffe killed over 30,000 Londoners, destroying large tracts of housing and other buildings across the city. The tomb of the Unknown Warrior , an unidentified member of the British armed forces killed during the First World War, was buried in Westminster Abbey on 11 November 1920. The Cenotaph , located in Whitehall ,
13200-464: Was also held on the main screen, as was a quiz run by Andy Nyman . Films shown on the discovery screen were Burning Bright , The Clinic , Finalé , Wound , Outcast , Higanjima: Escape from Vampire Island , Christopher Roth , Fanboys , After.Life , Amer , and After.Life . An all-night Halloween film festival was shown at the Empire Cinema on 30 October 2010. Films shown at
13320-605: Was held at its new venue, the Empire in Leicester Square. This tenth incarnation of the festival marked the first time the festival took place on two screens, a "Main Screen" for the major films of the festival and the "Discovery Screen" for some smaller entries which are repeated during the festival. John Landis was in attendance over the weekend and also introduced the screening of An American Werewolf in London . Joe Lynch and Adam Green returned as "The Douche Brothers" and screened
13440-689: Was held at the PCC. The films screened at the event were Octane , The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen , Beyond Re-Animator , Tattoo , Malefique , Cypher , Jeepers Creepers 2 , Charlie's Family , Dracula: Pages from a Virgin's Diary , Phone , The Last Horror Movie , Gozu , Cabin Fever , House of the Dead , Between Your Legs , Fear X , and House of 1000 Corpses . In attendance were directors Marcus Adams , Eric Valette, Julian Richards , and Rob Zombie . The short films that were screened were Virus , Suspended , and The Last Dream . The festival also screened "Trailer Trash",
13560-602: Was held for four days from Friday 25 through Monday 28 August 2000 at the Prince Charles Cinema in Soho , London. Films shown at the inaugural FrightFest were Lighthouse , Ed Gein , Freeway II: Confessions of a Trickbaby , Dario Argento 's The Phantom of the Opera , Christina's House , Scary Movie , Pitch Black , Blood, Guts, Bullets and Octane , Ringu 2 , Blood , The Criminal, Anatomie , Mario Bava: Maestro of
13680-424: Was made up of Hammer Falls, Torn Flesh, The Silent Scream, Natural Birthing, A Very Grimm Fairytale, The Collector, Curta Veraso, The Fall Down, Dead Wood , and Kasting . This year also marked the first Frightfest Halloween All-Nighter, which would be traditionally held on 30 October of each year. The eighth FrightFest opened on Thursday, 24 August 2007 and ran until 27 August. It was held in Leicester Square and
13800-437: Was once a common sight throughout London and regional cities in the UK. The British Transport Police are responsible for police services on National Rail , London Underground , Docklands Light Railway and Tramlink services. The Ministry of Defence Police is a special police force in London, which does not generally become involved with policing the general public. The UK's domestic counter-intelligence service ( MI5 )
13920-412: Was shown at the Empire Cinema on 30 October 2009. Films shown at the event were Umbrage , George A Romero's Survival Of The Dead , Paranormal Activity , Wrong Turn 3: Left For Dead , Jennifer's Body , and Carriers . The eleventh Frightfest ran from 26–30 August 2010 and was held at the Empire cinema, Leicester Square. As with the prior year, the festival showed its offerings on two screens,
14040-1036: Was shown, as were trailers for Grace and the Friday the 13th remake . Preview footage was shown for Into the Dark: Exploring the Horror Film , Dead Set , and Lesbian Vampire Killers . The footage was presented by Paul McEvoy , Charlie Brooker , and MyAnna Buring , respectively. Other presenters at the event included Stacey Edmonds and Doug Turner, Steven Goldman, Perry Benson , Dido Miles , Ainsley Howard , Steven Shiel, Amanda Martin, Paddy Breathnach , Andrew-Lee Potts , Frank Henenlotter , Charlee Danielson , Anthony Sneed, Gregg Bishop, Patrick Syversen and Nini Bull Robsahm, Joey Evans , Chris Daly, Bradley Maroney , Audrey Elizabeth Evans , John Ajvide Lindqvist , Pascal Laugier , Adam Green , Adam Gierasch and Jace Anderson , Trevor Matthews, Johnny Kevorkian , Kerry Anne Mullaney , and Kris Bird . The films screened at
14160-844: Was sponsored by Film4 . It was organized by Alan Jones, Ian Rattray, and Paul McEvoy. On the festival's final day FrightFest supported an attempt to break the Zombie Walk record to tie in with the showing of The Zombie Diaries . The walk was unsuccessful in breaking the record, falling short of the then current record held by a zombie walk held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Presenters at the event included Andrew Macdonald , Neil Marshall , Mikael Håfström , Paddy Breathnach, Roar Uthaug , Joe Lynch, Kit Ryan , Chris Stapp and Matt Heath , Jonathan King , Tom Shankland and Clive Bradley , Juan Antonio Bayona and Sergio G. Sánchez , Adam Green, Mike Williamson, and Rigoberto Castañeda . Uwe Boll hosted
14280-459: Was supervised by polymath Robert Hooke . In 1710, Christopher Wren 's masterpiece, St Paul's Cathedral , was completed, replacing its medieval predecessor that burned in the Great Fire of 1666. The dome of St Paul's dominated the London skyline for centuries, inspiring the artworks and writing of William Blake , with his 1789 poem " Holy Thursday " referring to 'the high dome of Pauls'. During
14400-516: Was unveiled on the same day, and is the focal point for the National Service of Remembrance held annually on Remembrance Sunday , the closest Sunday to 11 November. The 1948 Summer Olympics were held at the original Wembley Stadium , while London was still recovering from the war. From the 1940s, London became home to many immigrants, primarily from Commonwealth countries such as Jamaica, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan, making London one of
#170829