The Logistics Cluster is a coordination mechanism established by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), activated to ensure an efficient and effective emergency response .
68-522: The basis for the current international humanitarian coordination system was set by General Assembly resolution 46/182 in December 1991 and extended in the Humanitarian Reform of 2005, with new elements to improve capacity, predictability, accountability, leadership, and partnership in humanitarian emergency missions. Following the recommendations of an independent Humanitarian Response Review in 2005,
136-456: A majority of United Nations member States or by a single member, as long as a majority concurs. Special sessions typically cover one single topic and end with the adoption of one or two outcome documents, such as a political declaration, action plan or strategy to combat said topic. They are also typically high-level events with participation from heads of state and government, as well as by government ministers. There have been 32 special sessions in
204-662: A member is in arrears and thus not entitled to vote is, by established practice, determined by the Secretary-General through computation and reported to the Assembly by him or by the Committee on Contributions. Comparable situations in specialized agencies of the United Nations have shown that a member's loss of voting rights is mandatory and automatic and that the fact of his debt is a 'ministerial, mathematical calculation' rather than
272-628: A modified version of the basic scale, for the costs of peacekeeping operations. The General Assembly is entrusted in the United Nations Charter with electing members to various organs within the United Nations system. The procedure for these elections can be found in Section 15 of the Rules of Procedure for the General Assembly. The most important elections for the General Assembly include those for
340-588: A period of seven years destroyed half its agriculture, its livestock, and its light industry . Haiti also cited the negative effects on tourism of invasions such as the 20 May 1968 invasion . As of late April 1998, 29 UN member countries were in arrears by more than their preceding two years' assessments and thus were ineligible to vote in the General Assembly. In 1999, faced with the possibility of Article 19 sanctions, President Bill Clinton agreed to withhold funding from organizations that supported abortion in exchange for Congress's agreement to repay U.S. arrears to
408-580: A political decision." After a World Court ruling in the Certain Expenses case made it clear that Soviet and Soviet bloc countries, France, and Latin American countries had defaulted on peacekeeping debts, during the 19th session (1964-1965), no votes at all were taken in the General Assembly. It was ultimately decided to ignore that default rather than take away those countries' vote in the General Assembly. U.S. Ambassador Arthur Goldberg declared that "it
476-486: A report, In Larger Freedom , that criticized the General Assembly for focusing so much on consensus that it was passing watered-down resolutions reflecting "the lowest common denominator of widely different opinions." He also criticized the Assembly for trying to address too broad an agenda, instead of focusing on "the major substantive issues of the day, such as international migration and the long-debated comprehensive convention on terrorism." Annan recommended streamlining
544-475: Is not in the world interest to have the work of the General Assembly immobilized in these troubled days." In 1963, an announcement of Haiti's arrears by the president of the General Assembly at the opening plenary meeting was considered unnecessary because a formal vote count in the presence of a representative of Haiti did not take place. Circa 1969, the government of Haiti claimed it was unable to pay its dues due to cyclones Betty, Flora, and Ines, which over
612-542: Is one of the pillars of the 2016–2021 Strategy of the Logistics Cluster. Based on risk indices, and performance and capacity indicators, in 2016 six disaster-prone or risk-prone countries were identified by the Logistics Cluster as pilots for preparedness programmes. The Logistics Capacity Assessment (LCA) is a tool created by the World Food Programme and managed jointly with the Logistics Cluster. The purpose of
680-556: Is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), serving as its main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ. Currently in its 79th session , its powers, composition, functions, and procedures are set out in Chapter IV of the United Nations Charter . The UNGA is responsible for the UN budget, appointing the non-permanent members to the Security Council , appointing
748-513: Is prohibited by Article 12 from making recommendations on matters currently being dealt with by the UNSC, unless requested to do so by the council. However, this has not always prevented the General Assembly from attempting to deal with threats to international peace and security, in cases where the UNSC was deadlocked, by using the framework of the Uniting for Peace resolution (A/RES/377 A). Article 13 tasks
SECTION 10
#1732844462717816-503: Is split into two distinct periods, the main and resumed parts of the session. During the main part of the session, which runs from the opening of the session until Christmas break in December, most of the work of the Assembly is done. This period is the Assembly's most intense period of work and includes the general debate and the bulk of the work of the six Main Committees. The resumed part of the session, however, which runs from January until
884-535: Is to make certain that the world body is financed by countries, not special interests outside the organization". Article 18 gives each state one vote in the UN General Assembly. The interpretation of Sections 2 and 3 is controversial. They read: The question of what constitutes an "important question" arose during the discussion of General Assembly Resolution 2758 , which expelled the Taiwanese delegation from
952-631: The Covenant of the League of Nations , which provided for a consensus -based system in which "decisions at any meeting of the Assembly or of the Council shall require the agreement of all the Members of the League represented at the meeting." Article 19 provides that any country that falls two years behind in its dues will lose its vote in the General Assembly. The United States, when it was withholding dues in protest over
1020-722: The General Assembly Building , within the UN headquarters in New York City. The primary phase of these meetings generally runs from September through part of January until all issues are addressed, which is often before the next session starts. It can also reconvene for special and emergency special sessions. The first session was convened on 10 January 1946 in the Methodist Central Hall in London and included representatives of
1088-406: The UN secretary-general , receiving reports from other parts of the UN system, and making recommendations through resolutions . It also establishes numerous subsidiary organs to advance or assist in its broad mandate. The UNGA is the only UN organ where all member states have equal representation. The General Assembly meets under its President or the UN secretary-general in annual sessions at
1156-559: The trust territories attained independence and the decolonization movement progressed, the functions of the Special Political Committee were merged into the Fourth Committee during the 1990s. Each main committee consists of all the members of the General Assembly. Each elects a chairman, three vice chairmen, and a rapporteur at the outset of each regular General Assembly session. These are not numbered. According to
1224-642: The 1946–1951 period the General Assembly, the Security Council and the Economic Social Council also conducted proceedings at the United Nations interim headquarters at Lake Success, New York . During this time in 1949, the CBS Television network provided live coverage of these sessions on its United Nations in Action broadcast series which was produced by the journalist Edmund Chester . It moved to
1292-419: The 51 founding nations. Most questions are decided in the General Assembly by a simple majority . Each member country has one vote. Voting on certain important questions—namely recommendations on peace and security; budgetary concerns; and the election, admission, suspension, or expulsion of members—is by a two-thirds majority of those present and voting. Apart from the approval of budgetary matters, including
1360-429: The Assembly may also take action if the Security Council fails to act, owing to the negative vote of a permanent member , in a case where there appears to be a threat to the peace, breach of the peace or act of aggression. The Assembly can consider the matter immediately with a view to making recommendations to Members for collective measures to maintain or restore international peace and security. The first session of
1428-546: The European Union (since 1974). Further, the United Nations General Assembly may grant observer status to an international organization or entity, which entitles the entity to participate in the work of the United Nations General Assembly, though with limitations. The agenda for each session is planned up to seven months in advance and begins with the release of a preliminary list of items to be included in
SECTION 20
#17328444627171496-499: The General Assembly and the other principal organs to ensure better coordination on topical issues that required coordinated action by the United Nations, in accordance with their respective mandates. A United Nations Parliamentary Assembly, or United Nations People's Assembly (UNPA), is a proposed addition to the United Nations System that eventually could allow for direct election of UN parliament members by citizens all over
1564-542: The General Assembly simply appointing the candidate that receives the Council's nomination. The United Nations Regional Groups were created in order to facilitate the equitable geographical distribution of seats among the Member States in different United Nations bodies. Resolution 33/138 of the General Assembly states that "the composition of the various organs of the United Nations should be so constituted as to ensure their representative character." Thus, member states of
1632-531: The General Assembly website, the most important are: Other committees of the General Assembly are enumerated . There are six commissions: Despite its name, the former United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) was actually a subsidiary body of ECOSOC . There are seven boards which are categorized into two groups: a) Executive Boards and b) Boards The newest council is the United Nations Human Rights Council , which replaced
1700-452: The General Assembly with initiating studies and making recommendations for "promoting international co-operation in the political field and encouraging the progressive development of international law and its codification." This provides a clue as to the founders' hopes that the UN as formulated by the original Charter would be a first step toward a much more comprehensive framework of international law, whose development would be coordinated by
1768-580: The General Assembly's agenda, committee structure, and procedures; strengthening the role and authority of its president ; enhancing the role of civil society ; and establishing a mechanism to review the decisions of its committees, in order to minimize unfunded mandates and micromanagement of the United Nations Secretariat . Annan reminded UN members of their responsibility to implement reforms, if they expect to realize improvements in UN effectiveness. The reform proposals were not taken up by
1836-607: The General Assembly. Article 16 grants the UNGA limited power over the trusteeship system. Article 17 provides that "The General Assembly shall consider and approve the budget of the Organization." The interpretation of section 2 is controversial. It reads: When the United States fell behind in paying its dues to the UN, some members held that the US was breaking its treaty obligations to bear
1904-635: The Global Logistics Cluster coordinates and provides support to the humanitarian community and to national authorities in emergency responses and deploys staff, as needed, to provide additional logistics support and coordinate logistics activities. The Logistics Cluster is operational in sudden-onset emergencies, conflicts, and complex and protracted crises. Information Management (IM) is the unit responsible for collecting, analysing, and disseminating logistics information to assist field operations. Information Management Officers are regularly deployed to
1972-532: The LCA is to provide updated information on the logistics infrastructure and services in a country. The information is focused on potential needs and requirements arising in the event of a humanitarian emergency. As of December 2017, 91 LCAs are available. General Assembly of UN For two articles dealing with the membership of and participation in the General Assembly, see: The United Nations General Assembly ( UNGA or GA ; French: Assemblée générale , AG )
2040-806: The Logistics Cluster Global Meeting. The event provides the wider community with a forum to discuss trends and developments in supply chain management and logistics in the context of humanitarian emergencies. The Logistics Cluster provides training and guidance for humanitarian responders at both national and global levels. The following trainings are currently available: Logistics Cluster Induction Training (LCIT), Logistics Response Team Training (LRT), Information Management Training (IMT), Logistics Cluster Coordination Training (LCCT), Logistics Emergency Team Training (LET), Service Mindset Training (SMT), Awareness Training (AWT), Emergency Logistics Induction Training (ELIT), and Access Training. Preparedness
2108-404: The Logistics Cluster values guiding its operations are accountability, partnership, professionalism and independence, and sustainability and resilience. The Strategic Advisory Group (SAG) of the Logistics Cluster is charged with "providing strategic support and guidance, improving accountability, facilitating decision making and fostering shared ownership of the cluster". Established in early 2017,
Logistics Cluster - Misplaced Pages Continue
2176-796: The SAG is composed of eight members, all of whom are senior humanitarian logisticians. Five of them are elected by Logistics Cluster partners, one seat is reserved for the World Food Programme—as lead agency of the Logistics Cluster—and one seat is held by the Logistics Cluster Coordinator of a field operation. The Chair of the SAG is held by the Global Logistics Cluster Coordinator. Twice a year, humanitarian logisticians from different organisations gather for
2244-656: The Security Council for two-year terms, 18 members of the Economic and Social Council for three-year terms, and 14–18 members of the Human Rights Council for three-year terms. It also elects the leadership of the next General Assembly session, i.e. the next President of the General Assembly, the 21 vice presidents, and the bureaux of the six main committees. Elections to the International Court of Justice take place every three years in order to ensure continuity within
2312-635: The Security Council if supported by at least seven members, or by a majority of Member States of the United Nations. If enough votes are had, the Assembly must meet within 24 hours, with Members being notified at least twelve hours before the opening of the session. There have been 11 emergency special sessions in the history of the United Nations. The General Assembly subsidiary organs are divided into five categories: committees (30 total, six main), commissions (six), boards (seven), councils (four) and panels (one), working groups, and "other." The main committees are ordinally numbered , 1–6: The roles of many of
2380-623: The UN General Assembly was convened on 10 January 1946 in the Methodist Central Hall in London and included representatives of 51 nations. Until moving to its permanent home in Manhattan in 1951, the Assembly convened at the former New York City Pavilion of the 1939 New York World's Fair in Flushing, New York . On November 29, 1947, the Assembly voted to adopt the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine at this venue. During
2448-556: The UN and replaced it with the People's Republic of China. The General Assembly had declared, by a vote of 59 to 55 with 15 abstentions, this to be an unimportant question that did not require the consent of two-thirds of the members. The delegates of the Republic of China protested that this decision was illegal, and subsequently left the assembly hall. Article 18 was designed to provide a more workable system than that established by Article 5 of
2516-654: The UN's founders' view of the General Assembly as the "first" branch of the UN, in much the same way that the placement of the provisions related to the United States Congress in Article One of the United States Constitution before those dealing with the US president and US Supreme Court reflects the Philadelphia Convention 's view of Congress as the "first branch" of the US government. Both
2584-459: The UNGA power to "discuss any questions or any matters within the scope of the present Charter or relating to the powers and functions of any organs provided for in the present Charter" and to make recommendations on those subjects. This, along with the Article 15 provision requiring the Security Council (UNSC) and other organs to issue reports of their activities to the UNGA, essentially puts the UNGA in
2652-562: The US Congress and the UNGA hold the " power of the purse " in regard to their respective organizations. No doubt, the General Assembly also appears first because most decisions (except those dealing with security matters) mentioned later in the Charter require General Assembly assent, and the General Assembly appoints: Article 9 guarantees each member country a seat in the UNGA, making it the only UN body with universal membership. Article 10 gives
2720-579: The United Nations World Summit in September 2005. Instead, the Summit solely affirmed the central position of the General Assembly as the chief deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the United Nations, as well as the advisory role of the Assembly in the process of standard-setting and the codification of international law. The Summit also called for strengthening the relationship between
2788-400: The United Nations are informally divided into five regions, with most bodies in the United Nations system having a specific number of seats allocated for each regional group. Additionally, the leadership of most bodies also rotates between the regional groups, such as the presidency of the General Assembly and the chairmanship of the six main committees. The regional groups work according to
Logistics Cluster - Misplaced Pages Continue
2856-466: The United Nations has evolved over the years; major resolutions on the process include General Assembly resolutions: 41/213 of 19 December 1986, 42/211 of 21 December 1987, and 45/248 of 21 December 1990. The budget covers the costs of United Nations programmes in areas such as political affairs, international justice and law, international cooperation for development, public information, human rights, and humanitarian affairs. The main source of funds for
2924-417: The United Nations. In June 2021 Iran briefly lost voting rights due to non-payment, which Iran attributed to United States sanctions. Shortly after the loss of voting rights was announced negotiations with the United States led to money being released to pay the arrears and thus restore voting rights. Article 22 allows the UN to establish subsidiary bodies. This has been the basis for proposals to establish
2992-443: The adoption of a scale of assessment, Assembly resolutions are not binding on the members. The Assembly may make recommendations on any matters within the scope of the UN, except matters of peace and security under the Security Council 's consideration. During the 1980s, the Assembly became a forum for "North-South dialogue" between industrialized nations and developing countries on a range of international issues. These issues came to
3060-576: The aforementioned UNCHR in March 2006. There are a total of four councils and one panel. There is a varied group of working groups and other subsidiary bodies. Countries are seated alphabetically in the General Assembly according to English translations of the countries' names. The country which occupies the front-most left position is determined annually by the secretary-general via ballot draw. The remaining countries follow alphabetically after it. On 21 March 2005, Secretary-General Kofi Annan presented
3128-604: The authority to make final decisions in some areas such as the United Nations budget. The General Assembly can also refer an issue to the Security Council to put in place a binding resolution. From the First to the Thirtieth General Assembly sessions, all General Assembly resolutions were numbered consecutively, with the resolution number followed by the session number in Roman numbers (for example, Resolution 1514 (XV) , which
3196-438: The beginning of the following sessions. The General Assembly votes on many resolutions brought forth by sponsoring states. These are generally statements symbolizing the sense of the international community about an array of world issues. Most General Assembly resolutions are not enforceable as a legal or practical matter, because the General Assembly lacks enforcement powers with respect to most issues. The General Assembly has
3264-502: The beginning of the new session, includes more thematic debates, consultation processes and working group meetings. The general debate of each new session of the General Assembly is held the week following the official opening of the session, typically the following Tuesday, and is held without interruption for nine working days. The general debate is a high-level event, typically attended by Member States' heads of state or government , government ministers and United Nations delegates. At
3332-545: The cluster approach was proposed as a way of addressing gaps and strengthening the effectiveness of humanitarian response through partnerships. The Logistics Cluster is one of the eleven sectorial coordination bodies key to emergency response. The United Nations World Food Programme was mandated by the IASC to be the lead agency of the Logistics Cluster by reason of its expertise in humanitarian logistics . From its headquarters in Rome,
3400-480: The consensus principle. Candidates who are endorsed by them are, as a rule, elected by the General Assembly in any subsequent elections. The General Assembly meets annually in a regular session that opens on the third Tuesday of September, and runs until the following September. Sessions are held at United Nations Headquarters in New York unless changed by the General Assembly by a majority vote. The regular session
3468-680: The course of just three months; however, additional workloads have extended these sessions until just short of the next session. The routinely scheduled portions of the sessions normally commence on "the Tuesday of the third week in September, counting from the first week that contains at least one working day," per the UN Rules of Procedure. The last two of these Regular sessions were routinely scheduled to recess exactly three months afterward in early December but were resumed in January and extended until just before
SECTION 50
#17328444627173536-415: The court. In these elections, five judges are elected for nine-year terms. These elections are held jointly with the Security Council, with candidates needing to receive an absolute majority of the votes in both bodies. The Assembly also, in conjunction with the Security Council, selects the next secretary-general of the United Nations. The main part of these elections is held in the Security Council, with
3604-457: The expenses of the Organization. In 1995, Malaysia said that any unilateral decision to reduce UN assessments is "illegal and totally unacceptable" and Australia said it "would not accept" a situation whereby "the largest contributor, by its failure to comply with the Charter, would destabilize the operation of the UN". Another interpretation, advanced by the Cato Institute , is that "the intent
3672-507: The field, coordinating with their counterparts in Rome with the aim of providing accurate, timely, and reliable information to the humanitarian community. The four goals of the Logistics Cluster Strategy 2016–2021 are: strengthen logistics preparedness of national actors, network and engage with diverse stakeholders, enhance the logistics cluster operational capacity, and learn and drive best practices. Included in this strategy,
3740-450: The fore because of the phenomenal growth and changing makeup of the UN membership. In 1945, the UN had 51 members, which by the 21st century nearly quadrupled to 193, of which more than two-thirds are developing countries . Because of their numbers, developing countries are often able to determine the agenda of the Assembly (using coordinating groups like the G77 ), the character of its debates, and
3808-413: The general debate, Member States are given the opportunity to raise attention to topics or issues that they feel are important. In addition to the general debate, there are also many other high-level thematic meetings, summits and informal events held during general debate week. Special sessions, or UNGASS, may be convened in three different ways, at the request of the Security Council, at the request of
3876-518: The history of the United Nations. If the Security Council is unable, usually due to disagreement among the permanent members, to come to a decision on a threat to international peace and security, then emergency special sessions can be convened in order to make appropriate recommendations to member states for collective measures. This power was given to the Assembly in Resolution 377(V) of 3 November 1950. Emergency special sessions can be called by
3944-546: The main committees have changed over time. Until the late 1970s, the First Committee was the Political and Security Committee and there was also a sufficient number of additional "political" matters that an additional, unnumbered main committee, called the Special Political Committee, also sat. The Fourth Committee formerly handled Trusteeship and Decolonization matters. With the decreasing number of such matters to be addressed as
4012-412: The nature of its decisions. For many developing countries, the UN is the source of much of their diplomatic influence and the principal outlet for their foreign relations initiatives. Although the resolutions passed by the General Assembly do not have binding forces over the member nations (apart from budgetary measures), pursuant to its Uniting for Peace resolution of November 1950 (resolution 377 (V)),
4080-433: The organization. The Charter of the United Nations gives responsibility for approving the budget to the General Assembly (Chapter IV, Article 17) and for preparing the budget to the secretary-general, as "chief administrative officer" (Chapter XV, Article 97). The Charter also addresses the non-payment of assessed contributions (Chapter IV, Article 19). The planning, programming, budgeting, monitoring, and evaluation cycle of
4148-599: The permanent Headquarters of the United Nations in New York City at the start of its seventh regular annual session, on 14 October 1952. In December 1988, in order to hear Yasser Arafat , the General Assembly organized its 29th session in the Palace of Nations , in Geneva , Switzerland. All 193 members of the United Nations are members of the General Assembly, with the addition of the Holy See and Palestine as observer states as well as
SECTION 60
#17328444627174216-472: The provisional agenda. This is refined into a provisional agenda 60 days before the opening of the session. After the session begins, the final agenda is adopted in a plenary meeting which allocates the work to the various main committees, who later submit reports back to the Assembly for adoption by consensus or by vote. Items on the agenda are numbered. Regular plenary sessions of the General Assembly in recent years have initially been scheduled to be held over
4284-437: The regular budget is the contributions of member states. The scale of assessments is based on the capacity of countries to pay. This is determined by considering their relative shares of total gross national product, adjusted to take into account a number of factors, including their per capita incomes. In addition to the regular budget, member states are assessed for the costs of the international tribunals and, in accordance with
4352-543: The role of overseer over the other UN bodies (there is no reciprocal provision by which the Security Council or other bodies make recommendations as to the powers and functions of the General Assembly). Article 11 tasks the UNGA with considering "principles governing disarmament and the regulation of armaments" and making recommendations on the same to the UNSC, which under Chapter V has the responsibility of making more detailed plans in reference to disarmament. The UNGA
4420-474: The slow pace of UN reform , has historically paid just enough at the end of each year to avoid losing its vote under this provision. Rule 161 of the rules of procedure of the General Assembly states that the Committee on Contributions shall "advise the General Assembly ... on the action to be taken with regard to the application of Article 19 of the Charter". According to the New York Times , "The fact that
4488-735: The upcoming President of the General Assembly , the Security Council , the Economic and Social Council , the Human Rights Council , the International Court of Justice , judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal , and United Nations Appeals Tribunal . Most elections are held annually, with the exception of the election of judges to the ICJ, which happens triennially. The Assembly annually elects five non-permanent members of
4556-721: The world. Chapter IV of the United Nations Charter Chapter IV of the United Nations Charter contains the Charter's provisions dealing with the UN General Assembly (UNGA), specifically its composition, functions, powers, voting, and procedures. The chapter on the UNGA appears in the Charter before the chapters on the other five principal organs ( UN Security Council , UN Economic and Social Council , Trusteeship Council , International Court of Justice , and UN Secretariat ). This reflects
4624-432: Was the 1514th numbered resolution adopted by the Assembly and was adopted at the Fifteenth Regular Session (1960)). Beginning in the Thirty-First Session, resolutions are numbered by individual session (for example Resolution 41/10 represents the 10th resolution adopted at the Forty-First Session). The General Assembly also approves the budget of the United Nations and decides how much money each member state must pay to run
#716283