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24-409: Lixouri was founded when citizens of the ancient town of Pale/Pali found a new location suitable for inhabitation. The new town was named after Paleas or Pileas, one of the four sons of the mythical king Kefalos (the island was named after king Kefalos). The old city was abandoned completely by the 16th century, but some ancient ruins can still be seen north of the town. The oldest document which contains

48-511: A campus in Lixouri, where the department of Ethnomusicology. The public library and a museum are located at the Iakovateios building, also preserved from before the earthquake. Since 2003 Lixouri also has a theatre. Lixouri has a small port with a ferry to Argostoli for vehicles under 5 tons, running every hour or half-hour in peak season. In the summer, there is a service to Patras and Killini on

72-426: A tourist destination and some larger hotels were built south of the town near the beaches. Lixouri is the home town of the poet and satirical author Andreas Laskaratos , who wrote about life in his home town. The Kay Cicellis book "Death of a Town" (1954) begins in Lixouri and describes the time of the earthquake. In 1720 Petros Katsaitis, who lived in Lixouri, wrote his play "Iphigenia"; Spyros Evangelatos' edition of

96-498: The zonta was made permanent. A series of other judicial and fiscal and provincial governors also gained ex officio admittance, starting with the Avogadori de Comùn in 1293 and continuing into the 16th century, as new offices were created. Furthermore, ambassadors and senior military commanders held an ex officio position in the Senate from the day of their election to the end of

120-612: The Ten , was from 1310 to 1797 one of the major governing bodies of the Republic of Venice . Elections took place annually and the Council of Ten had the power to impose punishments upon patricians . The Council of Ten had a broad jurisdictional mandate over matters of state security . The Council of Ten and the Full College constituted the inner circle of oligarchical patricians who effectively ruled

144-549: The War of the League of Cambrai , for example, the Council had responsibility for finding ways to pay for the state's military expenses. From the 1490s through the 1530s, the Council of Ten and other Venetian authorities enacted sumptuary laws . In 1506, the Ten enacted an anti- banqueting law, seeking to prevent ambitious noblemen from engaging in vote buying by hosting lavish dinner parties at

168-478: The compaginie della calza (exclusive social societies). The law specifically prohibited women other than the wives of members from attending such dinners. The Council was formally tasked with maintaining the security of the Republic and preserving the government from overthrow or corruption. However, its small size and ability to rapidly make decisions led to more mundane business being referred to it, and by 1457 it

192-563: The 1997 Kapodistrias reform ). Constituent settlements are given in brackets. Senate of Venice The Senate ( Venetian : Senato ), formally the Consiglio dei Pregadi or Rogati ( lit.   ' Council of the Invited ' , Latin : Consilium Rogatorum ), was the main deliberative and legislative body of the Republic of Venice . The Venetian Senate was founded in 1229, or less likely shortly before that date. Its creation

216-512: The Council. No more than one member of the same family could serve on the Council at any one time, and members could not be re-elected to successive terms. Elections took place annually in August and others in September. The Council, which met at least weekly, had the power to impose punishments upon nobles, including banishment and capital punishment . On the council's orders, Doge Marino Faliero

240-503: The Republic of Venice. The Council of Ten was created in 1310 by Doge Pietro Gradenigo . Originally created as a temporary body to investigate the plot of Bajamonte Tiepolo and Marco Querini, the powers of the Council were made formally permanent in 1455. The Council was composed of ten patrician magistrates elected by the Great Council to one-year terms. Until 1582, an additional zonta of around 15 to 20 members also served on

264-627: The Senate was for terms of one year, but frequently the same men were continuously re-elected, ensuring both experience and continuity in political decision-making. The meetings of the Senate were presided over by the Full College , the effective executive arm of the Venetian government, which was in charge of preparing matters for discussion in the Senate through the Savi del Consiglio . Council of Ten The Council of Ten ( Italian : Consiglio dei Dieci ; Venetian : Consejo de i Diexe ), or simply

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288-633: The State Inquisitors, a tribunal of three judges chosen from among its members to deal with threats to state security. The Inquisitors were given equal authority to that of the entire Council of Ten, and could try and convict those accused of treason independently of their parent body. To further these activities, the Inquisitors created a large espionage network of spies and informants, both in Venice and abroad. Inquisitors could conduct secret trials with

312-403: The city which allowed Venetians to report suspected illegal activities by placing a written note into the mouth. The lion's mouths were seen by later observers such as Mark Twain to represent an oppressive autocratic government that spied on its citizens, but in reality the reports placed in lion's mouths were examined and only credible reports were investigated. In 1539 the Council established

336-585: The far larger, and more unwieldy, Great Council. Hence, it was initially named the council of the Pregadi or Rogati , while the name of 'Senate' was only applied to it in the late 14th century, under the influence of Renaissance humanism . Initially it was junior to another similar committee, the Council of Forty , but it quickly grew in importance. In the process, the sixty members serving annual terms were gradually joined by further groups. The Doge of Venice and

360-450: The hierarchy of offices but was proverbially powerful. With its secret funds, system of anonymous informers, police powers, and broad jurisdictional mandate over matters of state security , the members of the Council of Ten, along with those of the Collegio , rotated offices among themselves and constituted the inner circle of oligarchical patricians who, in effect, ruled the republic." During

384-562: The mainland. The KTEL bus service has a station in Lixouri with routes to Patras and Athens, via the port of Sami. There is a twice-daily bus service to the villages of the Paliki peninsula. Some hotels provide offer bus services, including to the XI-Beach and Kounopetra. The municipality of Lixouri contains one municipal unit: Paliki . This municipal unit consists of the following communities (that were independent municipalities and communities before

408-519: The name "Lixouri" was sent in 1534 by local authorities to the Senate of Venice . In the 19th century Lixouri was a popular tourist destination; Richard Strauss visited the town. Many houses were destroyed in the earthquakes on January 23, 1867, and in August 1953. In the early 1950s the Royal Family of Greece sent their children for summer holidays to Lixouri. In the 1990s Lixouri increased in popularity as

432-441: The play in 1995 retitled it "Iphigenia in Lixouri". Ilka Chase wrote about the town in "The Varied Airs of Spring" (1969) as did Georges Haldas in "A la recherche du rameau d'or" (1976). Lixouri has a few primary schools and few middle schools (gymnasia), and high schools (lyceums). The 1st Primary School of Lixouri is one of the few buildings in the town that still stands from before the 1953 earthquake. The Ionian university has

456-402: The right to vote on proposals ( por ballotta ), others to submit proposals ( por parte ), others held both rights, and others none. In total, about 300 men (out of an estimated 2,500 nobles in 1500) had a seat in the Senate, but only about 230 of them had a right to vote. The minimum number for a quorum was set at 70, but more usually there were about 180 nobles in attendance. Election to

480-466: The six ducal councillors were members ex officio , even after their terms of office expired. The Council of Ten belonged to the Senate at least from 1321 on, and the Forty, from 1324. In 1363, twenty adjunct members (the zonta ) were added to the regular sixty members, later increased to forty (1413) and sixty (1450). Initially this was an extraordinary measure, renewed annually by decree, but in 1506

504-415: The year after their return from their post. Children and grandchildren of a Doge were admitted once they completed their 30th year in 1473, a privilege which was soon extended to a Doge's brothers as well, restricted again in 1623 to a single brother and a single son (or, in the absence of such, of a nephew), while from 1763 a Doge's two oldest sons were admitted. Senators were not equal: some members held

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528-426: Was both the result of the rising predominance of the aristocratic element in the Republic, and of the necessity to govern a territory that was much more extensive than the earlier Dogado and still expanding at a rapid rate. The Senate originated as a select committee of sixty men, chosen by the Great Council , to deliberate on decrees concerning taxation, commerce, foreign policy, and military operations, instead of

552-427: Was enjoying almost unlimited authority over all governmental affairs. In particular, it oversaw Venice's diplomatic and intelligence services, managed its military affairs, and handled legal matters and enforcement. By the end of the sixteenth century, the Council of Ten had become Venice's spy chiefs, overseeing the city's vast intelligence network. The Council utilized bocche dei leoni (lion's mouths) placed around

576-557: Was executed in 1355, and the Count of Carmagnola in 1432. The body's deliberations were highly secretive, and members of the Council of Ten took an oath of secrecy. Thomas Madden wrote: "The three capi of the Ten served for a month at a time and, to avoid any opportunity for bribery, were forbidden to leave the Ducal Palace during their tenure of office." Historian Edward Wallace Muir Jr. wrote: "The Council of Ten stood somewhat apart from

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