Misplaced Pages

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49-684: The first police in Liverpool were appointed under the Liverpool Port and Town Improvement Act 1811 as "Dock Police Constables". However, the first reference to park constables is from 1832, during the Cholera Riots . On 29 May, the Liverpool Chronicle reported that: A mob of over 1000 women and young boys of the lower order descended on a hurriedly organised Cholera Hospital in Toxteth Park ...

98-604: A blue band with the words "Park Keeper" in red letters, and a full uniform was issued in the contemporary style . Section 52 of the Liverpool Improvement and Waterworks Act 1871 gave the Improvements Committee the power to appoint regular Park Keepers and to make park bye-laws for the parks and recreation grounds under their control. Section 113 of the Act also permitted the committee to bring prosecutions for breaches of

147-550: A haunted site. In the late 1900s when the tours first began, Ben Bramley led a small group of 15 into the building. After exploring the building they took a group photograph. It wasn't until days later after the photograph was taken that it was noticed there was a 16th member within the photo - a member lacking human substance. From there on, many visits have been conducted within Newsham Hall where visitors have reported supernatural sightings. With one member reporting been pushed down

196-494: A local surgeon, William Gill, was tried and found guilty of running an extensive local grave robbing system to supply corpses for his dissection rooms. The widespread cholera rioting in Liverpool was thus as much related to local anatomical issues as it was to the national epidemic. The riots ended relatively abruptly, largely in response to an appeal by the Roman Catholic clergy read from church pulpits, and also published in

245-481: A road in Liverpool. He was replaced by Inspector John Buchanan, who had joined during the 1948 reorganisation, and had been promoted to Sergeant in 1951. He had been a member of the Royal Air Force Police as part of his war service , held a law degree and prepared and carried out prosecutions for the force. A new uniform was issued in 1957, consisting of open collar tunics with blue shirts and black ties, as

294-476: Is a 121 acres (49 ha) Victorian public park. To the east of it is the Canada Dock branch railway line, and to the north is West Derby Road. The park is protected as a Grade II* listed site. The park was opened in 1868. In 1877, it was the site for that year's Royal Agricultural Show . Newsham Park was the first individual work of the landscape architect Edward Kemp , an understudy of Joseph Paxton who

343-634: Is built on land purchased by the Liverpool Corporation from the Molyneux Estate. The development of the park was funded by the sale of plots for the construction of housing. Consequently, the park is fringed by Victorian housing, some of which is currently empty and derelict. The area has been awarded Conservation Area status, a legal protection against development to protect and preserve the Victorian architecture. The park contains two large lakes,

392-661: The Irish Republican Army , and the commencement of bombings in mainland Britain, also caused airports nationwide to reconsider their policing arrangements. A working party from the then- Department of Environment , accompanied by a senior officer from the Metropolitan Police , visited the park in 1972 as part of a report which led to the founding of the Royal Parks Constabulary in London in 1974. In 1972, both

441-461: The fifth cholera pandemic , because the public objected to sanitary officers trying to enforce regulations for the prevention of spread of the disease. The crowd beat to death a sanitary officer and one of the policemen sent to protect them. Troops were called out and dispersed the crowd with fixed bayonets. In December 2008, baton-wielding riot police broke up protests in Harare and detained dozens, as

490-530: The urban population, peasants and soldiers in 1830–1831 when the second cholera pandemic reached Russia . The riots were caused by the anti-cholera measures, undertaken by the tsarist government, such as quarantine , armed cordons and migratory restrictions. Influenced by rumors of deliberate contamination of ordinary people by government officials and doctors, agitated mobs started raiding police departments and state hospitals, killing hated functionaries, officers, landowners and gentry. In November 1830,

539-794: The City Police Training Centre at Mather Avenue in Liverpool, alongside members of the City Police dog section. The course lasted 6 weeks, and officers were then deployed for 1 day every fortnight on Home Office-approved continuation training. The number increased to six in 1966, and handlers from the three police forces - the City, Airport and Parks Police - often patrolled together. In 1967, 5 green-coloured Austin Mini Vans were introduced, with illuminating "POLICE" roof signs, and were later re-painted blue. They were fitted with " Pye " radio systems. At

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588-629: The City Police and was as appointed as member of the Park Police on 15 October. He was sworn in again as a park constable and then appointed "Head Constable" of the Parks Police at the rank of Chief Inspector. A single Police Chief Officer’s cap badge was commissioned by him from a uniform manufacturer in Birmingham. He retired in April 1956, but shortly afterwards was killed when struck by a vehicle while crossing

637-693: The City Police training school in Everton Terrace, Liverpool. By 1942, the force was reduced to just 4 sergeants and 33 constables. In addition, the gates and railings had been removed as part of the war effort, and the Parks Committee had to ask the Watch Committee (responsible for the City Police) for assistance from the City Police for policing the parks. By 1945 the situation had deteriorated further, with just 3 sergeants and 23 constables – under half

686-524: The Liverpool Corporation Act was passed, in which section 221 re-enacted the 1882 Act by permitting the appointment of "park constables" for the parks. The park police service was extended to all of the recreation grounds and cemeteries of the city, and foot and bicycle patrols were present in the city. The establishment in 1935 was 4 sergeants and 54 constables, and although no record is made of training, it appears that some training did occur at

735-634: The Liverpool Watch Committee as previously. The Keepers were renamed "Park Constables", and the helmet plate was re-issued with the words "Park Constable". Their powers and privileges as constables extended to all parks under the control of the City Council (including those outside the new boundary of the City), and in the next year, the Park Constables were issued with batons and handcuffs. In 1891,

784-652: The Park Constables were panic struck and incapable of acting On 29 February 1836, the "Liverpool Town Borough Police" came into being, having been formed under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 . Liverpool Corporation merged the Corporation Constabulary, Dock Police and the Town Watch into the new police force, though the Park and Market Constables appear to have survived with an independent existence under

833-586: The Parks Police and Airport Police were merged into a new "Liverpool City Council Security Force". The two police forces served their last day on duty on 31 March 1972, and the Security Force commenced operations the next day. The records of the Parks Police were destroyed as part of the merger. Cholera Riots Cholera riots are civil disturbances associated with an outbreak or epidemic of cholera . Cholera riots ( Холерные бунты in Russian ) broke out among

882-597: The Parks Police and the Airport Police. However, the Park Police were coming under pressure and their future role within the organisation of the city council was unclear. Police re-organisations in both 1964 (came into force in 1967) and 1972 (in force in 1974) saw the City Police merged; first with Bootle Borough Police to create Liverpool and Bootle Constabulary , and then with parts of Lancashire Constabulary and Cheshire Constabulary to form Merseyside Police . The rise of international terrorism, by organisations such as

931-900: The Town Police, Captain John Greig, and that of the Watch Committee , was that the Liverpool Improvements Committee was responsible for the maintenance of law and order, and the Town Borough Police did not patrol the parks, only responding to incidents reported by members of the public. The council therefore decided to employ "Park Keepers" for the parks. In 1855, the Liverpool Improvement Act was passed and in 1856 four "Liverpool Park Keepers" were appointed as such. The Park Keepers initially wore civilian clothing, though black stovepipe hats were issued shortly after, with

980-479: The back wall fell down with a tremendous crash. The building was completely destroyed, and had not the mob been kept in check by the sight of the military ... other acts of violence would, no doubt, have been committed. Three men were brought to trial for riotous behaviour, and sentenced to jail in Aberdeen for twelve months, with the judge placing blame on the medical profession for its gross negligence in dealing with

1029-646: The by-laws. However, the Keepers themselves were not then attested as constables, and did not have police powers, and complaints from members of the public caused the committee to approach the Head Constable of the Liverpool Police and request he appoint all the Liverpool Park Keepers as special constables . He agreed, and the existing Park Keepers were attested as specials that year. A new uniform, similar to

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1078-753: The citizens of Tambov attacked their governor , but they were soon suppressed by the regular army . In June 1831, there was a riot on the Sennaya Square in St.Petersburg , but the agitated workers, artisans and house-serfs were dispersed by the army, reinforced with artillery . The riots went especially out of control in Sevastopol and in military settlements of the Novgorod guberniya . The rebels established their own court , electoral committees out of soldiers and non-commissioned officers and conducted propaganda among

1127-465: The city's population, although this number has been criticised as an exaggeration) protested against the medical establishment, which they believed were using the epidemic as a body-snatching scheme similar to the Burke and Hare murders of 1828: A cry was raised of 'Burn the house; down with the burking shop'. Shavings, fir, tar, barrels and staves, were quickly procured and lighted, and within five minutes

1176-533: The control of the town council. Newsham Park was opened in 1847, at which point "Gentleman Park Keepers" patrolled the parks. Their uniform consisted of a frock coat, velveteen trousers and gaiters, and a stovepipe hat , with a metal band bearing the words "Park Keeper". In 1855, the Borough Town Council enquired into who was responsible for policing the town's parks. The view of the Head Constable of

1225-520: The crowd’s anger was the local medical fraternity. The public perception was that cholera victims were being removed to the hospital to be killed by doctors in order to use them for anatomical dissection. "Bring out the Burkers" was one cry of the Liverpool mobs. This issue was of special concern to the Liverpool citizenry because in 1826, thirty-three bodies had been discovered on the Liverpool docks, about to be shipped to Scotland for dissection. Two years later

1274-682: The death toll of a cholera epidemic neared 600 in Zimbabwe 's worsening health and economic crises. Trade unionists protesting against limits on cash withdrawals were beaten by security forces in Harare, while police also dispersed doctors and nurses who tried to hand in a petition against the collapse of the health system. Newsham Park 53°25′08″N 2°56′24″W  /  53.419°N 2.940°W  / 53.419; -2.940 Newsham Park (locally / n j uː ʒ ə m / ) in Liverpool , England

1323-689: The disease. The main epidemic in Britain occurred a year later. There was widespread public fear, and the political and medical response to the disease was variable and inadequate. In the summer of 1832, a series of cholera riots occurred in various towns and cities throughout Britain, frequently directed against the authorities, doctors, or both. 72 cholera riots occurred throughout the British Isles , 14 of which made reference to body-snatchers ("Burkers"). Anatomical schools were not specifically targeted, although individual physicians and hospitals were, as they saw

1372-519: The disposal of cholera-infected corpses and their clothes and bedding. Even the collection of clothing could result in riot or disorder as family and friends argued over the amount of compensation to be paid. In July 1831, a cholera uprising  [ sk ] of 40,000 peasants broke out in the territory of Upper Hungary (today's eastern Slovakia ) in more than 150 villages and small towns. In 1893 fatal riots broke out in Hamburg , Germany during

1421-411: The door was locked from the outside by a key. Tours still continue today with more and more sightings being reported. The building is now registered as a grade II listed building and one of the most haunted sights in Britain. The park is part of a set of Victorian public parks within Liverpool, including Stanley Park , Walton Hall Park , Princes Park and the largest of the group, Sefton Park . It

1470-549: The existing constables then underwent re-training. The structure of the force consisted of five areas, covering over 115 parks and cemeteries which comprised 45 square miles (120 km) throughout the city. The larger parks (Sefton, Stanley, and Newsham Parks) had their own police offices, from which constables were deployed to the smaller parks. Following the reorganisation of 1948, the strength in 1949 stood at 1 inspector, 5 sergeants and 70 constables. In October 1954, Inspector Gibson (who had until then been seconded) retired from

1519-571: The extensive sightings of supernatural activity. Another building within the park is Newsham House , which is the residence for judges attending the Crown Court in Liverpool and was visited by Queen Victoria . In 2004 work commenced on the Academy of St. Francis of Assisi, a secondary school (11–16) under the UK Government's City Academy programme. The school is a modern four-storey building at

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1568-552: The local press. In addition, a respected local doctor, James Collins, published a passionate appeal for calm. The Liverpool Cholera Riots of 1832 demonstrate the complex social responses to epidemic disease, as well as the fragile interface between the public and the medical profession. In the same year, riots were reported in Exeter as people objected to the burial of cholera-infected bodies in local graveyards. Gravediggers were attacked. The local authorities had instituted regulations for

1617-460: The main thoroughfare between Goodison Park (the home of Everton F.C. ) and Anfield (the home of Liverpool F.C. ) ever since their creation, but increasingly organised violence put greater pressure on both the Parks and City Police on matchdays, when up to 30,000 fans could use the park. By the late 1970s, John Buchanan had been promoted to Superintendent and had taken on joint responsibility for both

1666-561: The medical authorities as acting in coordination with the state to purposefully kill and reduce the population of the poor and "[weed] out the weak"; a doctor in Ballyshannon said that the crowds believed that "the doctors ... were to have 10 guineas a day: £5 of every one they killed; and to poison without mercy." The city of Liverpool experienced more riots than elsewhere. Between 29 May and 10 June 1832, eight major street riots occurred, with several other minor disturbances. The object of

1715-651: The parks, but on 15 May the Home Office replied that they considered that "the responsibility of maintenance of order within a public park" rested with the "authority on whom the management of the park is entrusted", which in Liverpool was the Parks and Gardens Committee of the City Council. The Headquarters of the Parks Police were located in Newsham Park in 1920, and each park came under the control of an individual Parks Superintendent, with overall responsibility held by Liverpool Corporation Parks Chief Superintendent. In 1921,

1764-429: The regular Police Force on account of the disorderly conduct and offences against, decency etc., which it is alleged prevail in the parks. The citizens contend that the residents and persons using the public parks are entitled to the same protection, preservation of peace, good order, and decency there as they are in the public streets... His letter suggested that the City Police should take over responsibility for policing

1813-512: The same time, personal radios were issued to Sergeants and those constables on isolated patrol duties, with a 60-foot mast erected at the Control Room in the Police Office at Calderstones Park, which gave radio cover to all parts of the city. The rise of football hooliganism in the late 1960s and 1970s put great strain on the Parks Police. They had been responsible for policing Stanley Park ,

1862-535: The serfs. Further cholera riots in 1892 were aggressively suppressed by the tsarist government. On August 29, 1909 The New York Times reported more cholera riots in Russia. Asiatic cholera reached Britain in 1831 from Russia, beginning in Sunderland and heading north to Aberdeen . A major riot took place in Aberdeen on 26 December 1831, when a dog dug up a dead body in the city. 20,000 Aberdonians (two-thirds of

1911-404: The smaller of which hosts the sailing of model boats. The larger lake historically offered rowing boats for hire, but they are no longer present. It is currently used for fishing. The lake has a historical reputation linked to the matrons of the former orphanage, who allegedly employed extreme disciplinary measures on unruly children. According to accounts, they would submerge the children's heads in

1960-444: The stairs at the top of the 'naught boys corridor' despite there being no one behind him. It is said that a group of boys in 1956 snuck into the building in search of the supernatural apparition's that had claimed to have been seen. The 4 boys went down to the mortuary in which the door swung shut and locked behind them so they were unable to get out. It wasn't until a day later that they finally managed to escape, in which they realised

2009-627: The stairs of the main corridor. Patients within the hospital wrote of sightings of 'the children'. The children of the orphanage were cremated Onsight with their ashes being thrown into a pit in the mortuary. The mortuary has been known to have the fridge doors being swung open and rapid drops in temperatures despite there being no electricity. This abandoned orphanage is said to be haunted by the spirits of children who suffered there. Witnesses have reported hearing laughter, crying, and unexplained noises. Some claim to have seen shadowy figures and felt cold spots in various rooms, contributing to its reputation as

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2058-520: The standard contemporary police uniform, was introduced, with a custodian helmet . The new helmet had a helmet plate similar in design to that off the Town Police, but with the words "Park Keeper" for "Liverpool Police". In 1882, the Liverpool Improvement Act gave the power for the Corporation's Improvements Committee to appoint the Park Keepers as constables in their own right, without having to rely on

2107-526: The strength of 1935. In 1947 the City Council decided to re-structure the force, as a result of which manning levels would be increased substantially, and in 1948 Inspector Charles Dean Gibson of Liverpool City Police was seconded to oversee the efforts. The force adopted new selection criteria based on that of the City Police: 5’8” minimum height, under 35 years of age, of "unquestionable character" and both education and fitness tests were introduced. The uniform

2156-514: The strength stood at 1 Inspector, 4 Sergeants and 60 Constables, with salaries from 26 to 30 shillings per week. On 15 April 1919, the Head Constable of the City Police, Francis Caldwall, wrote to the Under Secretary of State at the Home Office , saying: For some time past a considerable number of influential citizens here have been agitating for the policing of the public parks by members of

2205-601: The water until the brink of drowning, only releasing them when they were in a state of distress and pleading for the practice to cease. It is now reported that visitors have heard the sounds of children screaming near the lake during the night, along with the bubbling of the water. The park also has several important buildings, including the Grade II listed Seaman's Orphanage — a building later converted to Newsham Park Hospital and subsequently earmarked for development as luxury apartments, which never happened. most notably due to

2254-445: The western end of the park, and its contemporary style caused some friction with local residents who felt that it was at odds with the park's Conservation Area status. The now-closed Stanley railway station was located in the south east corner and the similarly closed Tue Brook railway station to the north east. The park has been placed by English Heritage on its Heritage at Risk list because of its "poor" condition and because

2303-465: Was also updated, and a helmet in the style of the Metropolitan Police style was brought in. 350 people applied for positions, and on 5 May 1948 30 successful applicants began their Police Induction Training, undertaken by the City Police at the Park Police headquarters, then located in the Mansion House at Calderstones Park . The 30 new constables were posted to their divisional areas in late June, and

2352-562: Was now worn by most other police forces in the UK. The custodian helmet was changed from a "ball top" to a "rose" design, and two Vespa scooters were introduced, rising to 12 by 1963. In 1963, officers were issued with a new cap badge similar to that issued to members of the Liverpool Airport Police in 1961. In 1965, the Park Police introduced police dogs, with a total of three by December 1965. The dogs and their handlers were trained at

2401-406: Was responsible for the grounds at Chatsworth House and the design of Birkenhead Park , a city park that became a working model for the creation of Manhattan's Central Park . Once the orphanage ceased to exist after world war 1 the building was converted into a hospital. One of the most notable events in the hospital being a nurse who reported seeing apparitions, was later found dead at the top of

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