54-604: Coleman Street is one of the 25 ancient wards of the City of London , England, and lies on the City's northern boundary with the London Borough of Islington . The ward, which includes land lying on either side of the former city wall , takes its name from a road linking Gresham Street with the London Wall road. Modern ward boundary changes, particularly those of 2003, have much altered
108-454: A significant reform of the business vote in the city, all the wards underwent a major boundary and electoral representation revision in 2003. The ward boundaries, and electoral representation at the Court of Common Council, were reviewed again in 2010 for change in 2013, though the change was less extensive this time. The reviews were conducted by senior officers of the corporation and senior judges of
162-522: Is also a 'United Wards Club' which was formed before many of the others as a joint association and is now additional to them. In recent times the ward clerk is a permanent position held by an official at the corporation, and based at the Guildhall , though wards can appoint (usually at the wardmote) an honorary ward clerk in addition. The ward clerk is a separate office to that of the Town Clerk of London , who
216-586: Is one of 25 wards in the City of London, each electing an alderman to the Court of Aldermen and commoners (the City equivalent of a councillor ) to the Court of Common Council of the City of London Corporation . Only electors who are Freemen of the City are eligible to stand. The Alderman is Peter Estlin and the Common Councilmen are Michael Cassidy, Sophie Fernandes, Stuart Fraser and Andrew McMurtrie. Warren Stormes Hale , Lord Mayor of London in 1864,
270-486: Is the chief executive of the corporation. Particular churches, livery halls and other historic buildings, structures and institutions are associated with specific wards, such as St Paul's Cathedral with Castle Baynard ward , Vintners' Hall with Vintry ward , the insurance markets (especially Lloyd's ) with Lime Street ward, and London Bridge with Bridge ward. Boundary changes in 2003 removed some of these connected places from their wards, but that boundary review and
324-588: The Elector Palatine . Roxburghe , one of Charles' retainers, propped the doors open so that the members in the chamber could see the troops making play with their pistols. Charles removed his hat and walked to the front, saluting some members as he passed. The members stood in silence. Addressing Speaker of the House William Lenthall , he said "Mr Speaker, I must for a time make bold with your chair". Lenthall vacated it. Calling first for one of
378-589: The House of Lords . The Commons met to consider the allegations on 3 January 1642, and held them to be a breach of the House's privilege . Without agreement from the Commons, Charles faced difficulties in having the Five Members taken into custody. He had been considering decisive action for some time, but became hesitant. Both the queen and Lord Digby advised him to go down to the Commons with an armed guard, and to make
432-509: The London boroughs in 1978. Wards continue to have beadles , with most having just one, but the larger wards two or three. This is an ancient elected office that is now largely ceremonial, in that they accompany their alderman on the eight high ceremonial occasions in the city's civic calendar and in attending to call to order the wardmote , an annual meeting in each ward of electors, representatives and officials. These should not be confused with
486-601: The Old Bailey . The wards are not reviewed by the Electoral Commission or a local government boundary commission under the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986 and (unlike other local government electoral reviews) the number and the names of the wards do not change. The final decision on changes to ward boundaries and representation was made by the Court of Common Council and an Act of Common Council
540-484: The 11th century, before the Norman conquest of England . Their administrative, judicial and militia purposes made them equivalent to hundreds in the shires. The primary purpose of wards that had a gate on the city wall appears to be the defence of that gate, as gates were the weakest points in any fortification. In 1322 it was settled that an assembly consisting of two people elected from each ward would create ordinances for
594-465: The 2003 boundary changes reinforced this. The majority of City residents are in the Barbican Estate which is split between Aldersgate and Cripplegate wards. There are a minimum of two common councilmen per ward and three specific wards have their number of councilmen capped: Farringdon Without at ten, Cripplegate at nine and Farringdon Within at eight. With boundary changes as well as changes in
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#1732852329825648-471: The Commons chamber is now commemorated annually at the State Opening of Parliament , an event which formally marks the beginning of each parliamentary session. The monarch takes the throne in the House of Lords and sends their messenger, Black Rod , to summon the members of the House of Commons to attend. At Black Rod's approach, the doors to the chamber are slammed in the messenger's face, symbolising
702-452: The King's supporters were going to attack the City, and volunteers poured in to offer their services in its defence. Barricades were erected, cannon dragged out, and there were soon six thousand citizens ready to repulse any attack. To many at the time, Charles's act had appeared tyrannical. On 10 January, Charles suddenly left London for Hampton Court , fearing both for his own life and that of
756-518: The alderman of their ward during and after their term of office, though there is a period of purdah whilst in (and for a period after) office, and during this period their appointed deputy will usually take their role within the ward. The City of London is the only remaining local authority in Great Britain to have (non-honorary) aldermen, since their general abolition in England and Wales in 1974 and
810-527: The area. It appears that the area outside, the once very marshy Lower and Little Moorfields (now mostly occupied by Finsbury Circus and the surrounding buildings), previously part of the Soke of Cripplegate and then the Manor of Finsbury , was added in the 17th century, though it was not developed until 1817. The Walbrook , known at this point as Deepditch and running on the line of modern Blomfield Street , formed
864-568: The arrest in person. It was alleged that the queen exclaimed, "Go you poltroon. Go and pull those rogues out by the ears, or never see my face again"; the king yielded. To ensure there would be no armed resistance, he first sent a message to the Lord Mayor of London forbidding him from sending men to protect parliament. Then, on 4 January 1642, he set off for the House, accompanied by around four hundred armed men. The Five Members, who had been expecting
918-481: The beadles of the livery companies of the city, who are employees of them. The ward's alderman presides over the wardmote and appoints one of the common councillors of the ward as a deputy (in some wards two are appointed) for the year ahead. Wardmotes at which an alderman is to be elected are presided over by the Lord Mayor. There are also ward clubs , which are similar to residents' associations found elsewhere in
972-486: The business vote) in the ward. Only electors who are freemen are eligible to stand. Instead of a conventional electoral register , each ward has a ward list. All common councilmen are elected every four years in one set of elections held citywide. A by-election in a particular ward can occur between scheduled elections if a vacancy arises, for example, by the resignation or death of a councilman. The elections of aldermen are held individually from one another and arise if
1026-533: The bustle of business, the ward also contains the City’s "finest oasis of calm", Finsbury Circus , an elliptical square with its own bowling club, is located within the ward, as is Moorgate station . Wards of the City of London The City of London (also known simply as "the City") is divided into 25 wards . The city is the historic core of the much wider metropolis of Greater London , with an ancient and sui generis form of local government , which avoided
1080-408: The city. The number of Commoners each ward returns to the Court of Common Council is given (for both before and after the 2013 election); being largely based on the size of the electorate, this gives some indication as to the present number of residents (with respect to the four residential wards) and the scale of business activity. (A † symbol is shown where the representation has been capped despite
1134-451: The country, but because these have membership open to those without an electoral qualification in the ward they have essentially become social clubs as part of the city's general civic social life along with the guilds, associations and liveries. There are twenty-two of these (Farringdon has always been an association of both wards of that name and Vintry and Dowgate the result of merger of the two clubs of each ward in 1957). Confusingly, there
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#17328523298251188-465: The current review do take into account of these historic/traditional connections. The City of London Police use the wards in their day-to-day neighbourhood policing, as well as in recording crime and other statistics, with each ward having a constable assigned, known as the Ward Constable, with the larger wards having Assistant Ward Constables in addition. The wards appear to have taken shape by
1242-568: The eastern boundary of Lower Moorfields and the line continues to form the eastern boundary of the part of the ward lying north of the former wall, with the extra-mural ward of Bishopsgate Without lying east of the brook, and the road which now covers it. This section of the Walbrook, around Blomfield Street, was the focus of the phenomena of the Walbrook Skulls , resulting from the immense quantities of Roman-era human heads that were deposited in
1296-490: The electorate, the elections in 2013 and 2017 elected a revised number of common councilmen in a number of wards. The present and altered representation is shown in the main ward summary table below; the total number of common councilmen (one hundred) will not change. The cap on Farringdon Without is maintained; the wards of Farringdon Within and Castle Baynard each have eight councilmen by normal allocation. Some wards were, or are, divided into two divisions (these are given in
1350-403: The extent of city wards, so that many no longer closely correlate to their historic areas. Coleman Street is a very busy ward, it has its own long established ward club and newsletter. The ward takes its name from Coleman Street, which took its name from the charcoal burners who occupied the area in medieval times. The first mention of the ward appears to have been in 1130, but at that time it
1404-461: The king to approve a Militia Bill, effectively transferring control of the army from king to parliament, and Charles once again refused, protesting "By God! Not for an hour! You have asked that of me which was never asked of any king." By March 1642, parliament issued the bill on its own authority as the Militia Ordinance , pushing the country towards civil war . Charles' 1642 incursion into
1458-495: The king to strike, took their seats as usual that morning. At about three o'clock, they received word via the French Ambassador that Charles was on his way, and they left the House and took a waiting barge to the City of London . Charles entered the precincts of the House with about eighty men, armed with pistols and swords. They remained in the lobby while Charles entered the Commons chamber accompanied only by his nephew,
1512-479: The king's failed attempt to arrest them, five MPs , Pym , Hampden , Haselrig , Strode and Holles , hid on Coleman Street utilising the support for parliament that tended to be afforded by sympathisers in the City of London. At the northern end of the street stands the livery hall of the Worshipful Company of Armourers and Brasiers , and the pineapple-shaped headquarters of Legal & General . Despite
1566-463: The main ward list of this article) and where this happens a Deputy is appointed by the Alderman for each division, instead of the one for the whole ward. Additionally, all wards were further divided into precincts. The numbers and names of these precincts changed gradually over the centuries; precincts were named in various manners across the city's wards. In some wards they were named after localities or
1620-410: The many local government reforms elsewhere in the country in the 19th and 20th centuries. Unlike other modern English local authorities, the City of London Corporation has two council bodies: the now largely ceremonial Court of Aldermen , and the Court of Common Council . The wards are a survival of the medieval governmental system that allowed very small areas to exist as self-governing units within
1674-428: The members, and then another, he was met with total silence. He asked the speaker where they were. Kneeling, Lenthall responded: May it please your majesty, I have neither eyes to see nor tongue to speak in this place but as this House is pleased to direct me whose servant I am here; and I humbly beg your majesty's pardon that I cannot give any other answer than this to what your majesty is pleased to demand of me. This
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1728-463: The members. The king issued a proclamation ordering the City of London to surrender the fugitives, and marched in person to the Guildhall to demand that City officers hand them over. However, the City officers declared their support for parliament, as did the regiments of the Inns of Court . Returning to Whitehall in his coach, the King drove through a London that was in uproar. Rumours spread that
1782-484: The modern era put themselves up for re-election at least every six years. They also now customarily retire at 70, the same retirement age as a justice of the peace . Each ward (irrespective of its size) returns one alderman to the Court of Aldermen. One of the aldermen is elected (by the senior liverymen ) as Lord Mayor of London for a period of one year. The Lord Mayor performs many functions and holds many ancient positions and privileges. The Lord Mayor continues to be
1836-579: The normal allocation rules.) Five Members The Five Members were Members of Parliament whom King Charles I attempted to arrest on 4 January 1642. King Charles I entered the English House of Commons , accompanied by armed soldiers, during a sitting of the Long Parliament , although the Five Members were no longer in the House at the time. The Five Members were: Charles' attempt to coerce parliament by force failed, turned many against him, and
1890-415: The number of precincts grew over time, the number of councilmen elected therefore also increased. The precincts have now been abolished. The wards are ancient and their number has only changed three times since their creation in time immemorial . Their number was stated as 24 in the year 1206. In 1394 Farringdon was divided into Farringdon Within and Farringdon Without. In 1550 the ward of Bridge Without
1944-578: The numbers of precincts for each division in two further wards: Dowgate (4 West and 4 East), and Langbourn (7 West and 5 East). This made a total of 220 precincts in 1715. Each precinct elected a Common Councilman. In 1831 there were a total of 236 Common Councilmen (including Deputies, some of whom were elected in their wards in addition to the Councilmen elected by precincts). The ward of Bridge Without had no precincts and did not elect any Common Councilmen throughout its history. Precincts no longer exist in
1998-887: The numerous parishes (on which many precincts were based), in other wards they were simply given numbers. In those wards which were divided into divisions, the precincts were allocated to one division or another. As of around 1800, the numbers of precincts in each ward (and for each division in brackets) were: Aldersgate 8 (4 Within and 4 Without), Aldgate 7, Bassishaw 2, Billingsgate 12, Bishopsgate 9 (5 Within and 4 Without), Bread Street 13, Bridge Within 14, Broad Street 10, Candlewick 7, Castle Baynard 10, Cheap 9, Coleman Street 6, Cordwainer 8, Cornhill 4, Cripplegate 13 (9 Within and 4 Without), Dowgate 8, Farringdon Within 17, Farringdon Without 16, Langbourn 12, Lime Street 4, Portsoken 5, Queenhithe 6, Tower 12, Vintry 9, and Walbrook 7. This amounted to 228 precincts, making each precinct on average around 3 acres (1.2 ha) in size. The City of London
2052-527: The peer Edward Montagu, Viscount Mandeville (the future Earl of Manchester ) – had encouraged the Scots to invade England in the recent Bishops' Wars , and that they were intent on turning the people against him. When rumours reached the court that they were also planning to impeach the queen, Henrietta Maria of France , for alleged involvement in Catholic plots, Charles made accusations of treason against them in
2106-466: The queen. He was not to return for seven years – and then only for his own trial and execution. The next day the Five Members came out of their hiding place in the City, and travelled by barge back to parliament accompanied by a regatta of decorated craft, and cheering citizens. The king had lost the support of the people of London. On 17 January, the House of Commons issued a lengthy public declaration denouncing Charles' intrusion as "a high breach of
2160-408: The rights and independence of the Commons. Black Rod bangs forcefully three times with the end of the ceremonial staff on the closed doors, which are then opened. Black Rod's presence is announced. Black Rod then enters and conveys the monarch's command that "this honourable House... attend upon His [Her] Majesty immediately in the House of Peers." A version of the attempted arrest of the Five Members
2214-509: The rights and privileges of parliament, and inconsistent with the liberties and freedoms thereof." It declared the king's order to the City to seize the Five Members to have no basis in law, and announced that any person doing so would be guilty of breach of privilege of parliament and deemed a public enemy of the Commonwealth . Any person harbouring the five, on the other hand, should have parliamentary protection. Parliament had already pressed
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2268-443: The river. These are still regularly uncovered during building work. Coleman Street borders six other wards and occupies an irregular shape of land bounded to the north by Chiswell Street and Eldon Street; to the east by Blomfield Street, Copthall Avenue and a section of Moorgate ; to the south by Lothbury and Gresham Street; and to the west by Basinghall Street , Coleman Street itself, Moor Lane and Silk Street . Coleman Street
2322-421: The sitting alderman dies, resigns or (after the six-year term) puts themselves up for re-election. Since the 2003 review (and confirmed by the 2013 review process ) the four residential wards elect twenty of the hundred common councilmen, and the remaining, "business-dominated" wards elect the remaining eighty councilmen. The four residential wards are Portsoken , Queenhithe , Aldersgate and Cripplegate , and
2376-419: The terms "intramural" and "extramural" had the same meaning. Changes were made in 1994 to the City of London's external boundary with several London boroughs , which meant consequential changes to boundaries of several wards, where areas were transferred either to or from the city – the wards affected were: Farringdon Without, Cripplegate, Coleman Street, Bishopsgate, Aldgate, Portsoken, and Tower. Following
2430-523: The whole city; in 1346 the number of representatives from each ward was formally linked to the size of the ward. The Common Council as we know it today, as a representative body of the wards, was realised in 1384 when the city's guilds no longer elected members. The number of members of the Common Council grew to 240 by the mid-nineteenth century, but is today fixed at 100. Each ward was divided into precincts, each of which elected one common councilman. As
2484-452: The wider city. They are both electoral/political sub-divisions and permanent ceremonial, geographic and administrative entities within the city. They had their boundaries changed in 2003, and to a lesser extent in 2013, though the number of wards and their names did not change. Each ward, or aldermanry , has its own alderman , who is the most senior official or representative in the ward. The aldermen traditionally held office for life but in
2538-500: Was very densely populated until the mid-19th century, giving each precinct in the region of 500 residents on average. A record of the wards, their divisions and precincts (including the names of the precincts) in 1715 give the following differences from the above figures: Aldersgate Within 5, Billingsgate 6, Broad Street 8 (4 Upper and 4 Lower), Castle Baynard 7 (4 First and 3 Second), Farringdon Without 15 (Fleet Street Side 8 and Holborn Side 7), and Queenhithe 9. This record also states
2592-456: Was beyond the gates on London Bridge ). Some wards—Aldersgate, Bishopsgate and Cripplegate—cover an area that was both within and without the Wall and, although not split into separate wards, often the part (or division ) within the Wall is denoted (on maps, in documents, etc.) as being "Within" and the part outside the Wall as being "Without". Archaically "Infra" (within) and "Extra" (without) and
2646-456: Was common practice to use the name of the ward Alderman to refer to the ward. In the 1130 survey, Coleman Street Ward is thought to correspond to Warda Haconis . The ward contains areas both outside and inside the line of the City's former defensive walls . There was no local gate through the wall until Moorgate , previously a small postern, was built in 1511. Abraham Cowley 's 1661 Restoration comedy The Cutter of Coleman Street refers to
2700-493: Was created south of the river , with the ward of Bridge becoming Bridge Within. These two wards were merged in 1978, into the present-day Bridge ward. Thus the number of wards was 24 prior to 1394, 25 from 1394 to 1550, then 26 from 1550 to 1978, and has been 25 since 1978. The words "Without" and "Within" indicate whether the ward fell outside or within the London Wall , though only Farringdon and (formerly) Bridge have been split into separate wards in this way (Bridge Without
2754-404: Was one of the events leading directly to the outbreak of civil war later in 1642. The relationship between the House of Commons and Charles I of England had become increasingly fraught during 1641. The king believed that Puritans , encouraged by five vociferous Members of the House of Commons – John Pym , John Hampden , Denzil Holles , Arthur Haselrig and William Strode , together with
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#17328523298252808-458: Was passed on 4 November 2010 to give effect to the changes from 8 March 2013. Under the current arrangements, each ward is an electoral district , electing one alderman to the Court of Aldermen , and between two and ten common councilmen (the city's equivalent of a councillor ) to the Court of Common Council . The number of common councilmen elected by a ward depends inter alia on the number of electors (which comprises both of residents and
2862-442: Was the first time that a speaker had declared his allegiance to the liberty of parliament rather than the will of the monarch. The king responded: " 'Tis no matter, I think my eyes are as good as another's." He studied the benches for 'a pretty while' then lamented "all my birds have flown". He left the chair and walked out "in a more discontented and angry passion than he came in", followed by shouts of "Privilege! Privilege!" from
2916-463: Was the ward's most notable civic dignitary. Coleman Street is a one-way road that runs from Gresham Street to London Wall . The church of St Stephen Coleman Street used to stand at the southern end of the street, on the western side, until it was completely destroyed in the Blitz and was not rebuilt. In the 17th century, St. Stephen's became a Puritan stronghold. On the night of 5 January 1642, after
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