In the United Kingdom, the term conservation area almost always applies to an area (usually urban or the core of a village) of special architectural or historic interest, the character of which is considered worthy of preservation or enhancement. It creates a precautionary approach to the loss or alteration of buildings and/or trees, thus it has some of the legislative and policy characteristics of listed buildings and tree preservation orders . The concept was introduced in 1967, and by 2017 almost 9,800 had been designated in England.
42-632: Little Dunmow is a village situated in the Uttlesford district, in rural Essex , England, in the vale of the River Chelmer about 3 miles (4.8 km) east-southeast of the town of Great Dunmow . It can be reached from the Dunmow South exit of the A120 by following the road towards Braintree (B1256) for 3.2 km before turning right for the village. The centre of the old village, which has just 99 dwellings,
84-535: A defined conservation area. Little Dunmow was the original home of the Flitch Trials which now take place in Great Dunmow every four years. The ancient Flitch of bacon custom rewarded a couple who had been married in church and remained "unregreted" for a year and a day, with a flitch of bacon. The claimants had to swear an oath kneeling on two sharp pointed stones in the churchyard. They were then carried through
126-406: A grouped parish council. Great Sampford and Little Sampford share a parish council called "The Sampfords". The parishes are: Apart from considerable agriculture, retail and office premises in towns, Uttlesford District includes London Stansted Airport , which is its largest employer. For more detailed analysis of strengths and specializations in the economy see individual settlements, for instance
168-614: A new development, Flitch Green , began in 2001. By 2008 the population of this development far exceeded that of the old village, and in April 2009 Flitch Green became a separate civil parish , under an order made by Uttlesford District Council , but retains Little Dunmow as its postal address. A further development, Chelmer Mead, was proposed in 2007. An original scope of 3,000 houses was shelved after opposition, and subsequent smaller proposals have been refused planning permission. Many 14th, 15th, 16th and 17th-century buildings may still be found in
210-583: A southbound train is operated towards Bishop's Stortford , Harlow , Tottenham Hale and London Liverpool Street , operated by Greater Anglia under the Stansted Express brand. This train sometimes calls at Stansted Mountfitchet. Greater Anglia operates southbound trains from other stations in the district to Bishop's Stortford, Harlow, Tottenham Hale and Liverpool Street. A southbound hourly fast-train also calls at Audley End, with additional services at peak times towards London from this station. Roads in
252-472: A stem diameter of more than 75 mm (3"), when measured at 1.5 metres (5') height above ground level, in a conservation area must give the planning authority six weeks' notice of their intentions to do the work. Several exemptions from the need to notify exist including for removal of dead trees, the prevention or abatement of (legal) nuisance and for the implementation of planning permission. Work may only be undertaken either when consent has been given by
294-601: Is a local government district in Essex , England. Its council is based in the town of Saffron Walden . The district also includes the town of Great Dunmow and numerous villages, including Stansted Mountfitchet , Takeley , Elsenham , Thaxted , and Newport . The district covers a largely rural area in the north-west of Essex. London Stansted Airport lies within the district. The neighbouring districts are Braintree , Chelmsford , Epping Forest , East Hertfordshire , North Hertfordshire and South Cambridgeshire . The district
336-422: Is a conservation area, 59% of which are rural, and 41% are in urban areas. The original idea of historic conservation areas was proposed by June Hargreaves , a York town planner, in her 1964 book Historic buildings. Problems of their preservation . In the book she critiqued the idea that historic buildings should be replaced with modern "streamlined and ultra-functional" buildings as this would be detrimental to
378-408: Is a further 0.6 km along the road. The Flitch Way, a linear country park along the route of the old Braintree to Bishop's Stortford railway , links Little Dunmow and the new settlement of Flitch Green . The new village, built on the site of a former sugar beet factory, is a self-contained community of 850 dwellings and is another kilometre along the road towards Felsted . Little Dunmow formed
420-648: Is desirable to preserve or enhance". The current Scottish legislation is the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997 . In Northern Ireland it is the Planning Act (Northern Ireland) 2011 . Conservation areas can be found across a wide a range of urban and rural UK locations. For example, in the historic centres of town and cities such as Alexandra Palace and Park ; model housing estates; historic mining, fishing and transport areas e.g. Crosby Garrett ; and rural villages such as Osmotherley . It
462-719: Is due in 2027. The council is based at the Council Offices on London Road in Saffron Walden. When the council was created in 1974 it inherited offices at 46 High Street, Dunmow from the Dunmow Rural District Council, at 5 Hill Street, Saffron Walden from Saffron Walden Borough Council and at 52 Debden Road, Saffron Walden from the Saffron Walden Rural District Council. In 1988 the former Saffron Walden General Hospital on London Road closed and
SECTION 10
#1732852405742504-451: Is entirely covered by civil parishes . The parish councils for Great Dunmow and Saffron Walden are styled "town councils". The four parishes of Chickney, Lindsell, Strethall and Wicken Bonhunt have parish meetings rather than parish councils due to their small populations. The two parishes of Elmdon and Wenden Lofts share a parish council called "Elmdon, Duddenhoe End and Wenden Lofts", and the two parishes of Great Easton and Tilty also share
546-671: Is on the Stagecoach Cambridge network, served by the Citi 7, although Megarider tickets are not valid in the district. Stansted Airport is served by National Express and Airport Bus Express coaches to destinations in London and across the UK. Several cycle routes cross the district, linking towns in the district to the National Cycle Network . National Cycle Route 11 (NCR 11) crosses
588-426: Is the role of the listed building process to protect individual buildings, and it is common for many listed buildings to also be located within designated conservation areas where those individual buildings make a contribution to the special architectural or historic character of the area. Current Government planning policy on conservation areas is laid down (for England) mainly in section 12 'Conserving and enhancing
630-468: Is worth protecting or enhancing. Local and regional criteria are used, rather than any national standard. In exceptional circumstances, Historic England can designate conservation areas in London, but it has to consult the relevant Borough Council and obtain the consent of the Secretary of State for Culture Media and Sport. The Secretary of State can also designate in exceptional circumstances – usually where
672-422: The 2019 election . The first election to the council was held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside the outgoing authorities until the new arrangements came into effect on 1 April 1974. Political control of the council since 1974 has been as follows: The leaders of the council since 1995 have been: Following the 2023 election , the composition of the council was: The next election
714-544: The A11 ) at Wendens Ambo , since replaced by a bridge. The ford appears to derive its name from "Udel's ford". The stream at the ford is sometimes informally called the River Uttle as a back-formation from the name of the ford. Hundreds gradually lost their functions to other bodies from the seventeenth century onwards, with their final administrative function ceasing in 1886. The name Uttlesford continued to have occasional use in
756-593: The caput of a feudal barony the first holder of which was Ralph Baynard , as recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086. He was the builder of Baynard's Castle in the City of London and was followed by his son Geoffrey, whose son William rebelled against King Henry I (1100–1135) and thereby forfeited his lands. The barony was re-granted by the king to Robert FitzRichard (d.1134/6), younger son of Richard FitzGilbert de Clare (d.1091), feudal baron of Clare, Suffolk . He
798-658: The Virgin. It retains the magnificent columns and beautiful Gothic windows as evidence of its former grandeur. The monastic buildings stood to the southwest of the church but, along with much of the Priory, were razed to the ground after the Dissolution of the Monasteries , when the priory site, with the manors of Little Dunmow and Clopton Hall, were granted to the patron of the priory, Robert Radcliffe, 1st Earl of Sussex . The building of
840-509: The area between then and 1974, such as the Uttlesford Orchestra, founded in 1956, which played in and around Saffron Walden. Uttlesford District Council provides district-level services. County-level services are provided by Essex County Council . The whole district is also covered by civil parishes , which form a third tier of local government. The council has been controlled by local party Residents for Uttlesford (R4U) since
882-566: The area is of more than local interest. Local authorities have additional powers under planning legislation to control changes to buildings in a conservation area that might usually be allowed without planning permission in other locations, for example changing the appearance of windows, adding external cladding or putting up satellite dishes. Large conservation areas are sometimes subdivided into identity areas, which cover groups of buildings and features having similar character and appearance. Enforcement of conservation areas varies, dependent on
SECTION 20
#1732852405742924-463: The article: Saffron Walden . In October 2008, the airport won a 40% increase in permitted flights under the flight cap which operates in relation to the airport, from the UK government. Aside from countryside hotels close to and aircraft maintenance vital to Stansted Airport, airlines have also used a small adjoining business park. Titan Airways has its head office in the Enterprise House in
966-484: The course of the former Bishop's Stortford to Braintree railway , and it runs unbroken through the district, mostly parallel to the A120. National Cycle Network 50 runs north-south between Takeley and Quendon in Uttlesford. The route ultimately runs between Quendon and Ulting (near Maldon ) running entirely on country lanes . The district is the only British local authority (excluding parishes ) to begin with
1008-460: The district are managed by Essex County Council , with some routes controlled by National Highways . The M11 motorway between London and Cambridge passes through the district, with junctions at Stansted Airport (junction 8) and Stump Cross, near Saffron Walden (9). This places the district in the M11 corridor for innovation. Northbound from Stump Cross, the A11 forms part of the northern boundary of
1050-732: The district north-south, from Ickleton to Stansted Mountfitchet , running mostly on rural lanes. NCR 11 eventually links the district to the River Stort towpath in Bishop's Stortford (towards Harlow , NCR 1 and London ). Northbound, the route continues towards Cambridge , Ely and Downham Market . A spur of the route leads into Saffron Walden , running for much of its length on a segregated cycle route . National Cycle Route 16 runs east-west between Stansted Mountfitchet and Braintree , via Great Dunmow town centre. The route runs for much of its length on segregated cycle track converted from
1092-766: The district such as Stansted Mountfitchet and Takeley including Stansted Airport is also served by BBC London and ITV London which broadcast from the Crystal Palace transmitter. Radio stations for the area are: The West Anglia Main Line passes through Uttlesford. There are stations at: From all stations, there are regular services northbound towards Cambridge , operated by Greater Anglia . At certain times, trains continue towards Ely and King's Lynn . CrossCountry also operates northbound trains from Stansted Airport and Audley End to Cambridge, Peterborough , Leicester and Birmingham New Street . From Stansted Airport,
1134-479: The district, carrying traffic to Newmarket and Norwich . The A120 runs east-west through the district between Stansted Airport and Braintree , via Great Dunmow. This connects the district to Hertford , Colchester and Harwich . Other roads in the district are B-class roads . This includes: Charity Uttlesford Community Travel provides road transport services to the residents of Uttlesford who find it difficult to access normal public transport: they support
1176-559: The grounds in Stansted Mountfitchet . Several airlines, including Buzz , AirUK (later KLM uk ), AB Airlines , Go Fly had its head office at the Enterprise House. and Lloyd International Airways had their head offices on the property of Stansted Airport. In terms of television, the area is served by BBC East and ITV Anglia broadcasting from the Sudbury and Sandy Heath transmitters. However, some southern parts of
1218-476: The historic character of the area, for example by ensuring that newly constructed buildings are of a high quality design. Conservation area status also removes some permitted development rights that apply in undesignated areas. In England, conservation area consent was abolished by the ERR Act (1) and replaced with a requirement for planning permission for demolition of a building in a conservation area (1). In Wales,
1260-723: The historic environment' of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and (for Wales) in Welsh Office Circular 61/96 – Planning and the Historic Environment: Historic Buildings and Conservation Areas . There are additional planning controls over certain works carried out within the conservation area. For example, demolition within conservation areas requires consent. The designation does not preclude development from taking place, but does require that developments preserve or enhance
1302-493: The identity of historic towns: "No building within an 'area of special preservation' should be demolished or altered in such a way as to materially detract from the contribution it makes to the group value of the street." The Civic Amenities Act 1967 introduced the concept of conservation areas, and in September of that year the first designation was made, covering the "old town" area of Stamford, Lincolnshire . The legislation
Little Dunmow - Misplaced Pages Continue
1344-517: The letter 'u'. The only other initial letter used by only one UK local authority is 'y' for York . The district is the only British local authority to have a branch of Pret a Manger , but no branch of Greggs . [REDACTED] Media related to Uttlesford at Wikimedia Commons 52°01′08″N 0°14′12″E / 52.0190°N 0.2367°E / 52.0190; 0.2367 Conservation area (United Kingdom) As of 2019, 2.2% of England making up 2,938 km (1,134 sq mi)
1386-810: The over 60s, the disabled and those who are rurally isolated. Stansted Airport is in the district. Stansted is the fourth-busiest UK airport , with flights to over 200 destinations. There are several bus routes which cross the district and which connect the district to neighbouring destinations, including: Great Dunmow and Stansted Airport are on the First Essex and Arriva Shires & Essex networks. First bus 42A calls operates from both destinations to Chelmsford, and X10 and X30 connect Stansted Airport to Chelmsford, Basildon and Southend-on-Sea. Arriva bus 133 connects Stansted and Great Dunmow to Colchester. Arriva Bus 510 links Stansted Mountfitchet and Stansted Airport to Bishop's Stortford and Harlow. Saffron Walden
1428-425: The requirement for conservation area consent remains. The circumstances in which such planning permission is required and the consequences of failing to apply for it when it is needed are the same as applied to conservation area consent. Local authorities are chiefly responsible for designating conservation areas. They can designate any area of 'special architectural or historic interest' whose character or appearance
1470-476: The resources and priorities of the local authority, and many fail to meet expectations. A conservation area may have a conservation area advisory committee , a non-elected body of people, some of whom may be expert, who are concerned about the conservation in the particular area. Historic England maintains an "at risk" register which includes conservation areas. The law generally requires that anyone proposing to cut down or carry out any work on any tree, with
1512-464: The site was bought by the council. The original hospital building of 1865 was renovated and a large extension built to its west to become a new headquarters for the council, which opened in May 1990. Since the last full review of boundaries in 2015 the council has comprised 39 councillors representing 22 wards , each electing one, two or three councillors. Elections are held every four years. The district
1554-611: The village to be acclaimed. In later years they were carried in the Flitch Chair, thought to be made from pew ends from the priory church. The 15th-century chair can still be seen within the church. The last recorded priory trial was held in 1751 but the custom was revived in Victorian times following the 1854 publication of the novel The Flitch of Bacon by William Harrison Ainsworth . [REDACTED] Media related to Little Dunmow at Wikimedia Commons Uttlesford Uttlesford
1596-578: The village, including Priory Place (on the site of the old Priory), Brick House (beside the footpath to Barnston as it approaches the Chelmer valley), Ivy House (at the junction of The Street and Brook Street, Monks Hall (at the junction of The Street and Grange Lane) and Rose Farm (at the Junction of Grange Lane and the Street). A number of thatched cottages are scattered around the village. The centre of Little Dunmow has
1638-617: Was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 as one of 14 districts within Essex. The new district covered the area of three former districts, which were all abolished at the same time: The new district was named after the ancient hundred of Uttlesford , which had covered much of the area. The hundred had been named after a ford on the London Road (now the B1383, formerly
1680-540: Was founded in 1104 by Lady Juga Baynard, wife of Ralph Baynard. After her death her son Geoffrey Baynard founded in 1106 an Augustinian priory dedicated to St Mary. One of its canons served as curate to the parish. The majority of the original structure has been lost but the Lady chapel survives and became the east end of the choir of the large and stately Little Dunmow Priory church, now the Parish Church dedicated to St Mary
1722-546: Was refined by section 277 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1971 , which in turn was superseded by the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. The current legislation in England and Wales, the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 (sections 69 and 70), defines the quality of a conservation area as being: "the character or appearance of which it
Little Dunmow - Misplaced Pages Continue
1764-463: Was succeeded by his son Walter I (d.1198) who was succeeded by his son Robert FitzWalter I (d.1235), founder of the family of FitzWalter who rebelled against John I as one the 25 Magna Carta sureties . At his death he left his 16-year old son Walter FitzWalter (1219–1258) as heir. Walter's son was Robert FitzWalter II (1247–1326). His son was Robert FitzWalter III (d.1328) who was succeeded by his son John FitzWalter (1315–1361). The Parish Church
#741258