Misplaced Pages

#607392

67-449: Lisa Brix Pedersen (born 16 August 1996) is a Danish discus thrower . She is a five-time Danish Athletics Championships winner and the championship record-holder in the discus. Pedersen's first global championship was at the 2013 World U18 Championships in the discus , where she finished 16th in qualification. Pedersen broke the Danish record in the discus for the first time in 2022, at

134-715: A congress in Berlin , Germany, the following year, overseen by Sigfrid Edström who was to become the fledgling organisation's first president. The 1913 congress formally completed the founding of what was then known as the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF). It was headquartered in Stockholm from 1912 to 1946, in London from 1946 to 1993, and thereafter moved to its current location in Monaco . In 1926,

201-407: A means of manslaughter in the cases of Hyacinth , Crocus , Phocus , and Acrisius , and as a named event in the funeral games of Patroclus . Discus throwers have been selected as a main motif in numerous collectors' coins. One of the recent samples is the €10 Greek Discus commemorative coin , minted in 2003 to commemorate the 2004 Summer Olympics . On the obverse of the coin a modern athlete

268-410: A metal rim and a metal core to attain the weight. The rim must be smooth, with no roughness or finger holds. A discus with more weight in the rim produces greater angular momentum for any given spin rate, and thus more stability, although it is more difficult to throw. However, a higher rim weight, if thrown correctly, can lead to a longer throw. In some competitions, a solid rubber discus is used (see in

335-665: A moderate headwind achieve the maximum distance. Also, a faster-spinning discus imparts greater gyroscopic stability. The technique of discus throwing is quite difficult to master and needs much experience to perfect; thus most top throwers are 30 years old or more. The discus throw is sometimes contested indoors, but it is not included at the World Athletics Indoor Championships . World Athletics used to keep "world indoor best" discus records, but since 2023 they now combine both indoor and outdoor marks. The discus technique can be broken down into phases. The purpose

402-408: A more efficient posture to start from whilst also isometrically preloading their muscles; this will allow them to start faster and achieve a more powerful throw. They then begin the wind-up, which sets the tone for the entire throw; the rhythm of the wind-up and throw is very important. Focusing on rhythm can bring about the consistency to get in the right positions that many throwers lack. Executing

469-705: A season-ending IAAF Grand Prix Final for a selection of men's and women's events. The IAAF World Cross Challenge followed in 1990 and began an annual series for cross country running . The track and field circuit was expanded in 1993 with the creation of the IAAF Grand Prix II level, and the IAAF Golden League in 1998. World Athletics began recognising annual indoor track meets via the IAAF Indoor Permit Meetings series in 1997, and in 1998 decathletes and heptathletes found seasonal support with

536-406: A sound discus throw with solid technique requires perfect balance. This is due to the throw being a linear movement combined with a one and a half rotation and an implement at the end of one arm. Thus, a good discus thrower needs to maintain balance within the circle. For a right handed thrower, the next stage is to move the weight over the left foot. From this position the right foot is raised, and

603-585: Is headed by a president . The World Athletics Council has a total of 26 elected members, comprising one president, four vice-presidents (one senior), the presidents of the six area associations, two members of the Athletes' Commission and 13 Council members. Each member of the Council is elected for a four-year period by the World Athletics Congress, a biennial gathering of athletics officials that consists of

670-588: Is outlined in the World Athletics Constitution, which may be amended by the Congress. The World Athletics Council appoints a chief executive officer (CEO), who is focused on improving the coverage of the sport and the organisation's commercial interests. This role was created and merged with the General Secretary role that had existed previously. British former athlete and businessman Jon Ridgeon

737-519: Is seen in the foreground in a half-turned position, while in the background an ancient discus thrower has been captured in a lively bending motion, with the discus high above his head, creating a vivid representation of the sport. World Athletics World Athletics , formerly known as the International Amateur Athletic Federation and International Association of Athletics Federations and formerly abbreviated as

SECTION 10

#1732851699608

804-507: Is to transfer from the back to the front of the throwing circle while turning through one and a half circles. The speed of delivery is high, and speed is built up during the throw (slow to fast). Correct technique involves the buildup of torque so that maximum force can be applied to the discus on delivery. Initially, the thrower takes up their position in the throwing circle, distributing their body weight evenly over both feet, which are roughly shoulder width apart. They crouch in order to adopt

871-639: The 2016 Olympics in Rio . That meant Russian athletes could compete at all major events in the following years, including the 2017 IAAF World Championships in London and the 2018 European Championships in Berlin . In September 2018, World Athletics faced a legal challenge by Russia to overturn the suspension after the reinstatement of the Russian Anti-Doping Agency , but Hugo Lowell of the i newspaper reported

938-647: The Authorised Neutral Athlete (ANA) process. In 2022, though, World Athletics imposed sanctions against the Member Federations of Russia and Belarus because of the Russian invasion of Ukraine , and all athletes, support personnel, and officials from Russia and Belarus were excluded from all World Athletics Series events for the foreseeable future, and Russian athletes who had received ANA status for 2022 were excluded from World Athletics Series events for

1005-497: The IAAF , is the international governing body for the sport of athletics , covering track and field , cross country running , road running , race walking , mountain running , and ultra running . Included in its charge is the standardization of rules and regulations for the sports, certification of athletic facilities, recognition and management of world records , and the organisation and sanctioning of athletics competitions, including

1072-613: The IAAF Hammer Throw Challenge as the top level of hammer throwing contests (as hammer was not included in the Diamond League). The Road Race Label grouping was also expanded that year with the creation of a Bronze label status. The Race Walking Challenge Final was removed from the racewalking schedule after 2012, as the series focused on international championship performances. In 2016, the IAAF World Indoor Tour

1139-629: The World Athletics Championships . The organisation's president is Sebastian Coe of the United Kingdom , who was elected to the four-year position in 2015 and re-elected in 2019 for a second four-year term, and then again in 2023 for a third four-year term. The process to found World Athletics began in Stockholm , Sweden, on 18 July 1912 soon after the completion of the 1912 Summer Olympics in that city. At that meeting, 27 representatives from 17 national federations agreed to meet at

1206-626: The World Athletics Continental Tour . The organisation hosts the annual World Athletics Awards, formerly the World Athletics Gala until 2017, at the end of each year to recognise the achievements of athletes and other people involved in the sport. Members may also be inducted into the IAAF Hall of Fame as part of the ceremony. The following awards are given: The World Athletics Heritage Plaque for (a) Legend, and (b) Culture

1273-400: The 1870s. Organized men's competition was resumed in the late 19th century, and has been a part of the modern Summer Olympic Games since the first modern competition, the 1896 Summer Olympics . Images of discus throwers figured prominently in advertising for early modern Games, such as fundraising stamps for the 1896 Games, and the main posters for the 1920 and 1948 Summer Olympics . Today

1340-592: The 2023 World Championships , Pedersen finished 24th out of 37 in qualification with a 57.96 m best throw. Pedersen is coached by a team managed by Mikkel Larsen, and she is a member of the Sparta and Løb clubs. Discus throw The sport of throwing the discus traces back to it being an event in the original Olympic Games of Ancient Greece. The discus as a sport was resurrected in Magdeburg , Germany, by gymnastics teacher Christian Georg Kohlrausch and his students in

1407-709: The Council, Honorary Members, and up to three delegates from each of the national member federations. Chairpersons and members of Committees, which manage specialist portfolios, are also elected by the Congress. There are four committees: the Cross Country Committee, the Race Walking Committee, the Technical Committee, and the Women's Committee. A further three committees were launched in 2019: Development, Governance and Competitions. The governance structure

SECTION 20

#1732851699608

1474-526: The Gold Label category. Road running was the last sport governed by World Athletics to receive seasonal sanctioning. The 2010 season saw several changes to World Athletics' one-day governance. The World Athletics Tour was made defunct and replaced with three separate series: the 14-meet Diamond League as the top level of track meetings, the IAAF World Challenge as a second tier of track meetings, and

1541-694: The Golden League, IAAF Super Grand Prix , Grand Prix, Grand Prix II, and the IAAF World Athletics Final . The new final format was introduced with a new global performance ranking system for qualification and featured an increased programme of track and field events, mirroring the World Championships in Athletics programme bar the road events, combined events, relays, and the 10,000 metres . The final achieved gender parity in events in 2005, with

1608-647: The IAAF created a commission to regulate all ball games that were played by hand, including basketball and handball . Subsequently, the International Amateur Handball Federation was founded in 1928, and the International Basketball Federation was founded in 1932. Beginning in 1982, the IAAF passed several amendments to its rules to allow athletes to receive compensation for participating in international competitions. However,

1675-659: The National Long Throw Championships in Vagos, Portugal . She threw 61.29 m on her first attempt, good for second place and automatically qualifying her for both the European and World Championships. At the 2022 European Throwing Cup in Leiria , Pedersen won her first continental medal with a 2nd-place showing in the discus, throwing 61.23 m behind Daisy Osakue 's 61.56 m. At the 2022 World Athletics Championships , Pedersen

1742-499: The United States ). To make a throw, the competitor starts in a circle of 2.5 m ( 8 ft 2 + 1 ⁄ 4  in) diameter, which is recessed in a concrete pad by 20 millimetres (0.79 in). The thrower typically takes an initial stance facing away from the direction of the throw. They then spin anticlockwise (for right-handers) 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 times while staying within the circle to build momentum before releasing

1809-523: The World Athletics Championships. The commission chairperson and one other athlete of the opposite sex are given voting rights on the Council. The last election was held in October 2019 at the 2019 World Athletics Championships . Following doping and corruption issues, a Code of Ethics was agreed in 2013 and an Ethics Commission was appointed in 2014. The Council appoints the chairperson from

1876-521: The actual synthetic track surface, whilst Class 2 venues only ensures that the synthetic surface has a valid Product Certificate (from an accredited synthetic track surface manufacturer) and the facility conforms to the stringent requirements for accurate measurement contained in World Athletics Rules and Regulations. World Athletics organizes many major athletics competitions worldwide. World Athletics became involved in annual one-day meetings as

1943-434: The athlete 'runs' across the circle. There are various techniques for this stage where the leg swings out to a small or great extent, some athletes turn on their left heel (e.g. Ilke Wylluda ) but turning on the ball of the foot is far more common. The aim is to land in the 'power position', the right foot should be in the center and the heel should not touch the ground at any point. The left foot should land very quickly after

2010-655: The code through doping or impeding any anti-doping actions. Doping is still a serious issue in world athletics due to the increased use of banned substances by athletes to improve their athletic performance. To address the problem, athletes participating in sports are required to sign the World Anti-Doping Agency code and are subjected to random urine or blood samples testing, leading to penalties like game suspension, or lifetime ban for violating code. International level athletics competitions are mostly divided by sex and World Athletics applies eligibility rules for

2077-530: The conduct to occur and must accept its responsibility" and that "corruption was embedded" in the organization. In January 2016, as a result of the doping scandal and WADA's report, the World Athletics' biggest sponsor, Adidas , announced that it was ending its sponsorship deal with the World Athletics four years early. The BBC reported that as a result World Athletics would lose $ 33 million (£23 million) worth of revenue. The 11-year sponsorship deal with Adidas

Lisa Brix Pedersen - Misplaced Pages Continue

2144-501: The country's status would not change. The legal case was later dropped. World Athletics was the first international sporting body to suspend the Russian Athletics Federation (RusAF) from World Athletics starting in 2015, for eight years, due to doping violations, making it ineligible to host World Athletics events or send teams to international championships. However, Russian athletes were eligible to compete pursuant to

2211-687: The creation of the IAAF Combined Events Challenge . The World Cross Challenge was disbanded in 2000 and cross country reverted to a permit format via the IAAF Cross Country Permit Meetings . The IAAF Race Walking Challenge was initiated in 2003 to provide a seasonal calendar for racewalking. World Athletics reformed its track and field circuit in 2003, with the IAAF World Outdoor Meetings series grouping five tiers of annual track and field competitions:

2278-487: The discus is either governed by World Athletics for international or USA Track & Field for the United States. In the United States, Henry Canine advocated for a lighter-weight discus in high school competition. His suggestion was adopted by the National High School Athletic Association in 1938. The typical discus has sides made of plastic, wood, fiberglass, carbon fiber or metal with

2345-399: The discus. The discus must land within a 34.92º circular sector that is centered on the throwing circle. The rules of competition for discus are virtually identical to those of shot put , except that the circle is larger, a stop board is not used and there are no form rules concerning how the discus is to be thrown. The basic motion is a fore-handed sidearm movement. The discus is spun off

2412-429: The elected members, and in turn, the chairperson appoints a deputy chair. The Ethics Board's scope was limited in 2017 with the creation of the independent Athletics Integrity Unit , headed by Australia's Brett Clothier , to oversee ethical issues and complaints at arm's length. The International Athletics Foundation is a charity closely associated with World Athletics that engages in projects and programmes to develop

2479-525: The end of 2018, which would allow the organisation to remain solvent in the face of delays to the 2020 Summer Olympics due to the COVID-19 pandemic . World Athletics Day is celebrated on 7 May. In 2022, World Athletics imposed sanctions against the Member Federations of Russia and Belarus because of the Russian invasion of Ukraine , and all athletes, support personnel, and officials from Russia and Belarus were excluded from all World Athletics Series events for

2546-548: The finals and placed 10th. In her first appearance at the Team Championships, Pedersen won the 2023 European Athletics Team Championships Second Division discus throw, scoring 16 points with a 59.20 m throw. She had already secured a winning throw by the end of the fifth round, but on her sixth and final throw she improved even further. The effort helped Denmark total 312 points for 6th place, enough to maintain their position but not enough to be promoted to First Division. At

2613-596: The foreseeable future, and Russian athletes who had received ANA status for 2022 were excluded from World Athletics Series events for the foreseeable future. World Athletics Council also applied sanctions on the Belarus Athletic Federation , including banning its hosting of any international or European athletics events, representation at Congress or in decisions which require Congressional votes, involvement of its personnel in programs, and accreditation to attend any World Athletics Series events. World Athletics

2680-540: The foundation of clean athletes worldwide", and that its "independent commission will investigate the claims". Around the same time, the University of Tübingen in Germany claimed that World Athletics suppressed publication of a 2011 report in which "[h]undreds of athletes", as many as a third of the world's top athletes, "admitted violating anti-doping rules". On 1 November 2015, former World Athletics president Lamine Diack

2747-733: The inclusion of a women's 3000 metres steeplechase . The track and field circuit was rebranded as the IAAF World Athletics Tour in 2006, which removed the global rankings and the IAAF Grand Prix II (replaced with a level of meetings given permit status by continental governing bodies). With World Athletics having recognised the sport of mountain running in 2002, the annual WMRA World Cup meetings received official sanctioning in 2006, organised under World Mountain Running Association . The IAAF Race Walking Challenge Final

Lisa Brix Pedersen - Misplaced Pages Continue

2814-408: The index finger or the middle finger of the throwing hand. In flight the disc spins clockwise when viewed from above for a right-handed thrower, and anticlockwise for a left-handed thrower. As well as achieving maximum momentum in the discus on throwing, the discus' distance is also determined by the trajectory the thrower imparts, as well as the aerodynamic behavior of the discus. Generally, throws into

2881-452: The organisation had revenue of around US$ 200 million spread over a four-year Olympic cycle, with around a fifth of that revenue coming from Olympic broadcasting rights. The reports showed a deficit in each of the non-Olympic years of 2017 and 2018 of around US$ 20 million. It also showed heavy dependence on its partnership with Japanese marketing agency Dentsu , which made up half of 2018's revenue. It also highlighted reserves of US$ 45 million at

2948-676: The organization retained the word amateur in its name until its 2001 congress, at which it changed its name to the International Association of Athletics Federations. In June 2019 the organization chose to rebrand as World Athletics , with a rollout beginning after the 2019 World Championships in Doha . Following repeated requests, World Athletics became the last body within the Association of Summer Olympic International Federations to make public its financial reports in 2020. It revealed

3015-504: The results, Robin Parisotto, a scientist and leading "anti-doping" expert, said, "Never have I seen such an alarmingly abnormal set of blood values. So many athletes appear to have doped with impunity, and it is damning that the IAAF appears to have idly sat by and let this happen." Craig Reedie, president of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), said his organisation was "very disturbed by these new allegations ... which will, once again, shake

3082-411: The right. Weight should be mostly over the back foot with as much torque as possible in the body—so the right arm is high and far back. This is very hard to achieve. The critical stage is the delivery of the discus, from this 'power position' the hips drive through hard, and will be facing the direction of the throw on delivery. Athletes employ various techniques to control the end-point and recover from

3149-401: The rules on the basis that discrimination against the minority of DSD athletes was proportional as a method of preserving access to the female category to a much larger majority of women without DSDs. In 2023, World Athletics tightened their regulations further, excluding transgender women who have gone through male puberty from competing in the female category. The new regulations also reduced

3216-458: The sport began to professionalise in the late 1970s. Between 1978 and 1982, World Athletics staged twelve Golden Events , all for men and principally in track running, which saw World Athletics offer prizes to encourage competition. Three years later in 1985, an annual track and field circuit was created in the form of the IAAF Grand Prix , which linked existing top-level one-day meetings with

3283-472: The sport of discus is a routine part of modern track-and-field meets at all levels, and retains a particularly iconic place in the Olympic Games. The first modern athlete to throw the discus while rotating the whole body was František Janda-Suk from Bohemia (the present Czech Republic ). Janda-Suk invented this technique when studying the position of the statue of Discobolus . After a year of developing

3350-544: The sport. There have been six presidents since the establishment of World Athletics: Following World Athletics has a total of 214 member federations divided into 6 area associations. As of 1 November 2015: To allow athletes of different ages to compete against athletes of similar ability, several age categories are maintained. The open class of competition without age limit is defined as "senior". For younger athletes, World Athletics organises events for under-20 athletes (athletes aged 18 or 19 years on 31 December of

3417-624: The sport. Albert II, Prince of Monaco is the Honorary President and the role of IAF President is held by the World Athletics President. A World Athletics Heritage department was created in 2018 to maintain historic artifacts and display them through a physical gallery in Monaco, a virtual online gallery, and a traveling exhibition. The department also issues World Athletics Heritage Plaques to commemorate locations of historic interest to

SECTION 50

#1732851699608

3484-500: The technique, he earned a silver medal in the 1900 Olympics. Women's competition began in the first decades of the 20th century. Following competition at national and regional levels, it was added to the Olympic program for the 1928 games . The event consists of throwing a heavy disc, with the weight or size depending on the competitor. Men and women throw different sized discs, with varying sizes and weights depending on age. The weight of

3551-636: The testosterone limit for androgen-sensitive XY DSD athletes to 2.5 nmol/L and extended the limit to apply to all women's events, where it had previously only applied to track events of distances between 400m and one mile. World Athletics president Sebastian Coe described this as "decisive action to protect the female category in our sport". World Athletics provides approval certificates to venues of athletic facilities: Class 1, Class 2 and Indoor. To receive certification, venues are required to submit measurement reports of their track and field facilities. Class 1 venues are fully certified along with in-situ tests of

3618-662: The throw, such as fixing feet (to pretty much stop dead ), or an active reverse spinning onto the left foot (e.g. Virgilijus Alekna ). Sports scientist Richard Ganslen researched the Aerodynamics of the Discus , reporting the discus will stall at an angle of 29°. The discus throw has been the subject of a number of well-known ancient Greek statues and Roman copies such as the Discobolus and Discophoros . The discus throw also appears repeatedly in ancient Greek mythology , featured as

3685-525: The typical male range (7.7 to 29.4 nmol/L), and are androgen-sensitive so that their bodies make use of that testosterone. World Athletics requires any such athlete to reduce their blood testosterone level to 5 nmol/L or lower for a six-month period before becoming eligible for international competition. The rules have been challenged by affected athletes in the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), though no athlete has done so successfully. In May 2019, CAS upheld

3752-409: The women's category. World Athletics has regulations for intersex and transgender athletes. The differences of sex development (DSD) regulations apply to athletes who are legally female or intersex and have certain physiology . DSD athletes who are legally female or intersex are subject to specific rules if they have XY male chromosomes , testes rather than ovaries , circulating testosterone in

3819-510: The year of the competition) as well as under-18 athletes (athletes aged 16 or 17 years on 31 December of the year of the competition), historically referred to as "junior" and "youth" age groups, respectively. Age-group competitions over the age of 35 are organised by World Masters Athletics and are divided into five-year groupings. The organisation is a signatory to the World Anti-Doping Agency 's World Anti-Doping Code and applies sanctions to athletes, coaches and other sportspeople who breach

3886-429: Was able to install two of his sons and a friend into positions that exerted influence over the IAAF. The report says that Lamine Diack "was responsible for organizing and enabling the conspiracy and corruption that took place in the IAAF." In 2018, Diack was handed an additional charge of "breach of trust" by French prosecutors. On 18 June 2020, the trial of Diack and five other people, including his son, concluded. Diack

3953-459: Was appointed to the role in December 2018. Olivier Gers was the first person to officially hold the position in 2016, succeeding the interim CEO/General Secretary Jean Gracia . In order to give active athletes a voice in the governance of the sport, World Athletics created the Athletes' Commission. Athletes are elected to the commission by other athletes, typically held at the Congress attached to

4020-488: Was arrested in France and is under investigation on suspicion of corruption and money laundering. Diack allegedly accepted "$ 1.2 million from the Russian athletics federation to cover up the positive doping tests of at least six Russian athletes in 2011." The IOC provisionally suspended Diack, and he resigned his position as an IOC Honorary Member. In 2016, the World Anti-Doping Agency reported that with his influence, Diack

4087-619: Was created in 2007 to serve as a seasonal final for the Race Walking Challenge. World Athletics designed a sanctioning process for the road running competitions in 2008, with races having to meet organisational requirements to achieve Gold or Silver status under the IAAF Road Race Label Events brand. This incorporated the World Marathon Majors (a privately run series for major marathons initiated in 2006) within

SECTION 60

#1732851699608

4154-498: Was diagnosed with COVID-19 shortly after arrival in Eugene. After being confined to a room with limited opportunities to train for several days, she was finally cleared to compete on 18 July, the same day that discus qualification started . She threw 56.54 metres to place 29th out of 30 competitiors, not making the finals. Pedersen had an opportunity to redeem herself at the 2022 European Championships discus throw , where she qualified for

4221-485: Was disqualified by decision of the World Athletics Council for eight years for the creation of a doping system. World Athletics has since resisted demands that Russia be re-instated, on the basis that the country repeatedly failed to satisfy all the agreed criteria. The decision was supported by Sean Ingle of The Guardian who wrote in a column that World Athletics should maintain their ban on Russia through

4288-454: Was due to run until 2019. World-record holding sprinter Michael Johnson described the scandal as more serious than that faced by FIFA . In February 2016, Nestlé announced that it was ending its World Athletics sponsorship. In June 2016, following a meeting of the IAAF's ruling council, World Athletics upheld its ban on Russia's track and field team from entering the Rio de Janeiro Olympics. In February 2017, All-Russia Athletic Federation

4355-603: Was introduced as a replacement of the Indoor Permit Meetings series. The track and field circuit is due for further changes in 2020, including an increase in the number of Diamond League meetings, the reduction of Diamond League events from 32 to 24, reduction of the Diamond League television running time to 90 minutes, the creation of a one-day Diamond League final, and the relaunch of the World Challenge series as

4422-399: Was sentenced to jail for four years, two of them suspended. In November 2015, WADA published its report, which found "systemic failures" in the World Athletics had prevented an "effective" anti-doping programme and concluded that Russia should be banned from competing in international competitions because of its athletes' test results. The report continued that "the World Athletics allowed

4489-451: Was started in 2023. In 2015, a whistleblower leaked World Athletics' blood test records from major competitions. The records revealed that, between 2001 and 2012, athletes with suspicious drug test results won a third of the medals in endurance events at the Olympics and World Championships—a total of 146 medals including 55 golds—but the World Athletics caught none of them. After reviewing

#607392