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125-589: In 1969, the company sold their model train lines to General Mills . It continued to operate until 1993 as a holding company for their toy stores . In 2006, Lionel's electric train became the first electric toy inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame . The model trains are still in production as Lionel, LLC . The original Lionel Corporation was founded in 1900 by Joshua Lionel Cowen and Harry C. Grant in New York City . The company's devotees disagree over

250-461: A non-partisan basis as part of the November general election in odd-numbered years. Four council members come from wards , and three are elected at-large . The four ward seats all come up for election together and the mayoral and at-large seats come up for vote together two years later. In August 2010, the council voted to shift municipal elections from May to November, to be held in conjunction with

375-644: A street punk band. Hillside is governed by the Faulkner Act (formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law), under the Mayor-Council form of New Jersey municipal government (plan 4), as implemented as of July 1, 1997. The township is one of 71 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form of government. The governing body is comprised of the mayor and the seven-member Township Council, all elected to four-year terms of office on

500-535: A "mischaracterization". The change in terms resulted in a massive backlash of protests via consumer groups and social media, and General Mills reverted the terms back to the original content after only a few days. On 12 February 2020, the United Nations published a database of companies doing business related in the West Bank , including East Jerusalem , as well as in the occupied Golan Heights . General Mills

625-739: A 1:45 scale model of Union Pacific's M10000 diesel streamliner (also called the City of Denver) that runs on O gauge track. It was followed by a model of this diesel's successor, the City of Portland. The 763E and 700E are 1:48 scale models of 4-6-4 Hudsons. In 1938, Lionel made a model of Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad 's Burlington Zephyr streamliner called the Flying Yankee. Lionel resumed producing toy trains in late 1945, replacing their original product line with less colorful, but more realistic, trains and concentrating exclusively on O-gauge trains. Many of Lionel's steam locomotives of this period, had

750-509: A 75th anniversary freight set that consisted of their U36B diesel engine and rolling stock that included images of catalog covers and logos from Lionel's past. One year later, Lionel released a model of the American Freedom Train to celebrate the nation's bicentennial. The brand rose to prominence in 1976 following a series of television commercials featuring Johnny Cash , who was a longtime Lionel collector. In 1979, Lionel re-issued

875-562: A brass track and was powered by a battery and a motor that Cowen had intended to use for an electric fan. Cowen hoped the public's fascination with railroads and electricity would draw attention to his other goods for sale. Instead, the public approached store owners about buying trains, prompting Lionel to begin making toy trains for the general public. Lionel sold 12 examples of the Electric Express. More recently, Greenberg's Guide to Lionel Trains (2014) concluded differently: it said that

1000-527: A cash drain by the board and shareholders, began negotiations to sell their toy train line and lease the Lionel name to Model Products Corporation (MPC) , a subsidiary of General Mills, Inc. 1969 was the final year the Lionel Corporation published a toy train catalog and manufactured O gauge trains. Lionel started the postwar period in 1945 with a train set introducing remote-control uncoupling. The locomotive

1125-512: A countywide basis are: Clerk Joanne Rajoppi (D, Union Township, 2025), Sheriff Peter Corvelli (D, Kenilworth , 2026) and Surrogate Christopher E. Hudak (D, Clark , 2027). In March 2011, there were 11,991 registered voters in Hillside Township, of whom 6,196 (51.7% vs. 41.8% countywide) were registered as Democrats , 685 (5.7% vs. 15.3%) were registered as Republicans and 5,109 (42.6% vs. 42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated . There

1250-445: A fee of around $ 820 million, as part of its strategy to expand in the US natural foods market. In October 2014, General Mills announced plans to cut 700 to 800 jobs, mostly in U.S., in corporate restructuring planned to be completed by the end of 2015. In 2015, citing climate change, General Mills promised to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 28 percent over 10 years. In December 2016,

1375-557: A few companies to pay a dividend every year since its founding. In the 1930s, General Mills engineer, Thomas R. James, created the puffing gun, which inflated or distorted cereal pieces into puffed-up shapes. This new technology was used in 1937 to create Kix cereal and in 1941 to create Cheerioats (known today as Cheerios). In 1939, General Mills engineer Helmer Anderson created the Anderson sealer. This new device allowed for bags of flour to be sealed with glue instead of just being tied with

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1500-583: A five-unit restaurant company called Red Lobster and expanded it nationwide. Soon, a division of General Mills titled General Mills Restaurants developed to take charge of the Red Lobster chain. In 1980, General Mills acquired the California-based Good Earth health food restaurant chain. The company eventually converted the restaurants into other chain restaurants they were operating, such as Red Lobster. In 1982, General Mills Restaurants founded

1625-520: A flour dust explosion along with five nearby buildings, an event known as the Great Mill Disaster . The ensuing fire led to the death of 18 workers. Construction of a new mill began immediately. Not only was the new mill safer but it also was able to produce a higher quality flour after the old grinding stones were replaced with automatic steel rollers, the first ever used. In 1880, Washburn-Crosby flour brands won gold, silver and bronze medals at

1750-629: A holding company that specialized in toy stores. By the early 1980s, Lionel operated some 150 stores, under the names Lionel Kiddie City, Lionel Playworld, and Lionel Toy Warehouse. For a time it was the second-largest toy store chain in the United States. Lionel entered financial troubles during the early 1980s recession and filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in February 1982. After reducing to 55 stores, it emerged from bankruptcy in September 1985. By 1991,

1875-509: A holding company. It invested in various chains of retail stores and electronics companies while receiving royalties on toy train sales made by General Mills (later Lionel Trains, Inc. ). In 1991, it sold its trademarks to Lionel Trains, Inc. for $ 10 million and eventually went out of business in 1993. In 1970, after tooling purchased from the Lionel Corporation was moved to a new factory in Mt. Clemens, Michigan, limited production of Lionel trains as

2000-497: A household in the township was $ 59,136, and the median income for a family was $ 64,635. Males had a median income of $ 39,439 versus $ 31,817 for females. The per capita income for the township was $ 21,724. About 3.2% of families and 5.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 5.4% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those age 65 or over. Portions of the township are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone (UEZ), one of 32 zones covering 37 municipalities statewide. Hillside

2125-449: A large seller of model railroads, asked Cowen in 1929 why Lionel painted its trains in bright and unrealistic colors. Cowen said that the majority of trains were purchased by mothers for their children, and the bright colors attracted women buyers. In 1929, Lionel opened a factory in Hillside, New Jersey , where it produced trains until 1974. By the 1920s, Lionel had overcome Ives to become

2250-553: A luxury item. At the height of the Depression, one of Lionel's more extravagant locomotives cost as much as a used Ford Model T . In an effort to compete with companies that were willing to undercut Lionel's prices, without diluting its premium Lionel and Ives brands, Lionel introduced a line of inexpensive electric toy trains under the Winner Toys' or Winner Toy Corp. brand name, which were sold from 1930 to 1932. The starting price for

2375-495: A new Italian-themed restaurant chain called Olive Garden . Another themed restaurant, China Coast , was added before the entire group was spun off to General Mills shareholders in 1995 as Darden Restaurants . During the same decade, General Mills ventured further, starting the General Mills Specialty Retail Group. They acquired two clothing and apparel companies, Talbots and Eddie Bauer . The acquisition

2500-544: A new feature: smoke, produced by dropping a small tablet or a special oil into the locomotive's smokestack, which contained an electric heating element. Many diesel, electric, and steam engines made after 1950 had Lionel's Magne-Traction, which made the wheels magnetic in order to grip the track better. Lionel's most popular toy train ever mass-produced was the Santa Fe F3, numbered 2333, released in 1948. By 1953, Lionel sales reached their highest level at over $ 32 million. During

2625-429: A new product line under MPC began. Rolling stock debuted with "fast-angle wheels" with needlepoint bearings. This new wheel design, coupled with the use of Delrin plastic trucks, reduced rolling friction that allowed for longer trains to be run and is still in use by Lionel today. Lionel also began to offer trains in a wider variety of road names and colors and with improved graphics that were not previously available during

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2750-466: A number of ethnic clubs and associations. In 1991, police from both Hillside and Newark fired nearly 40 shots at a van that had rammed a Hillside police vehicle after a high-speed chase. The pursuit had started after the van had been reported stolen at gunpoint in Newark and was being followed by three Newark police cars before crossing into Hillside. Two of the people inside the vehicle were killed and four of

2875-601: A pet supplement business, Fera Pets, Inc. On September 12, 2024, General Mills announced that it would sell its North American yogurt division to Groupe Lactalis and Sodiaal. Lacatlis would buy the US brands while Sodiaal would by the Canadian brands which would be completed by 2025. The company has been associated with social media campaigns and education of dieticians promoting the "anti-diet" movement. This activity has been connected with helping to promote some of its own foods, which are high in sugar content. In April 2014,

3000-479: A place on the CDP "A List" for both climate change and water security . On May 15, 2021, General Mills announced that it was acquiring Tyson Foods 's pet treat business, including True Chews, Nudges and Top Chews, for $ 1.2 billion. The acquisition was completed on July 7, 2021. In April 2022, there were increasing news reports and complaints that the company's Lucky Charms cereal was somehow making individuals ill, with

3125-469: A set, which included a transformer, was $ 3.25. These and other efforts to improve its financial standing were unable to keep Lionel from going into receivership in May 1934. The product widely credited with saving the company was a wind-up handcar featuring Mickey and Minnie Mouse , which operated on O gauge track and sold for $ 1. Lionel manufactured 250,000 units, but was still unable to keep up with demand. But at

3250-792: A staggered basis with three seats coming up for election each year, with an appointed County Manager overseeing the day-to-day operations of the county. At an annual reorganization meeting held in the beginning of January, the board selects a Chair and Vice Chair from among its members. As of 2024 , Union County's County Commissioners are: Rebecca Williams ( D , Plainfield , 2025), Joesph Bodek (D, Linden , 2026), James E. Baker Jr. (D, Rahway , 2024), Michele Delisfort (D, Union Township , 2026), Sergio Granados (D, Elizabeth , 2025), Bette Jane Kowalski (D, Cranford , 2025), Vice Chair Lourdes M. Leon (D, Elizabeth, 2026), Alexander Mirabella (D, Fanwood , 2024) and Chair Kimberly Palmieri-Mouded (D, Westfield , 2024). Constitutional officers elected on

3375-567: A string. In 1956, General Mills created the tear-strip for easily opening packages. In 1946, General Mills established their Aeronautical Research Division with chief engineer Otto C. Winzen . This division developed high altitude balloons in conjunction with the United States Navy Office of Naval Research (ONR), such as the Skyhook balloon . In 1956, hundreds of General Mills balloons carrying reconnaissance equipment were launched by

3500-425: A total area of 2.78 square miles (7.20 km ), including 2.77 square miles (7.17 km ) of land and 0.02 square miles (0.04 km ) of water (0.54%). Unincorporated communities , localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Lyons Farms and Saybrooke. The township is located on the northern edge of Union County and is bordered to the northwest by Irvington and to

3625-472: A turnout of 74.4% (vs. 74.7% in Union County). In the 2004 presidential election , Democrat John Kerry received 6,415 votes (77.7% vs. 58.3% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 1,737 votes (21.0% vs. 40.3%) and other candidates with 41 votes (0.5% vs. 0.7%), among the 8,257 ballots cast by the township's 11,702 registered voters, for a turnout of 70.6% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county). In

3750-399: A variety of housewares products featured in the widely distributed Betty Crocker catalog. The coupons and the catalog were discontinued by the company in 2006. General Mills became the sponsor of the popular radio show The Lone Ranger in 1941. The show was then brought to television, and, after 20 years, their sponsorship came to an end in 1961. Beginning in 1959, General Mills sponsored

3875-459: A wholesale price of .55 cents, the handcar's sales did not provide enough profit to pay off Lionel's debts of $ 300,000; however, the model did provide much-needed cash. It was the success of the more expensive but profitable 752E City of Portland Union Pacific Streamliner that gave the company much needed revenue. As Lionel's first scale-model, the Streamliner gave the company considerable presence in

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4000-564: A worm drive and reduction gearset that was powered from household power. While innovative, the lack of general purpose beam members with enough holes limited the adaptability of the set to complex constructions. Finished assemblies also lacked the robust durability of its principal competition at the time, the Erector Set . During the 1950s, Lionel outsold its closest competitor, American Flyer , by nearly 2:1, peaking in 1953. Some Lionel company histories say Lionel (including more than just trains)

4125-452: Is approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Hillside. People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Hillside include: Hillside is the site of Evergreen Cemetery , known locally as the burial site of many Roma (or Gypsy) families and a number of notable writers, including: The Evergreen Cemetery was mentioned in Weird NJ for an incident in 1902, when after

4250-430: Is possible if conditions are unsanitary. On May 12, 2022, General Mills announced that it was acquiring TNT Crust, a supplier of frozen pizza crusts, from Peak Rock Capital. On May 25, 2022, General Mills announced that it was selling its Hamburger Helper and Suddenly Salad businesses to Eagle Family Foods Group for $ 610 million. The sale was completed on July 5, 2022. On November 9, 2023, General Mills acquired

4375-499: The Dennis the Menace animated series based on the comic strip of the same name created by Hank Ketcham in 1986. From 1997 until May 31, 2004, General Mills sponsored and syndicated the first 82 episodes of the original Sailor Moon English dub (the remaining 17 of 82 episodes premiered on Cartoon Network 's programming block Toonami in 1998). The first venture General Mills took into

4500-770: The Rocky and His Friends television series , later known as The Bullwinkle Show . Until 1968, Rocky and Bullwinkle were featured in a variety of advertisements for General Mills. General Mills was also a sponsor of the Saturday-morning cartoons from the Total Television productions studio, including Tennessee Tuxedo . The company also was a sponsor of the ABC western series The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp , starring Hugh O'Brian . The company, along with its subsidiary The Program Exchange , backed DiC Entertainment in syndicating

4625-551: The 2000 United States census there were 21,747 people, 7,161 households, and 5,578 families residing in the township. The population density was 7,793.6 inhabitants per square mile (3,009.1/km ). There were 7,388 housing units at an average density of 2,647.7 per square mile (1,022.3/km ). The racial makeup of the township was 40.03% White , 46.54% African American , 0.23% Native American , 3.45% Asian , 0.08% Pacific Islander , 5.26% from other races , and 4.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.50% of

4750-418: The 2000 census . Hillside was incorporated as a township on April 3, 1913, from portions of Union Township , based on the results of a referendum held on April 29, 1913. The township was named for the surrounding hills. The township is split between area codes 908 and 973 . Hillside was created from parcels of land carved out of neighboring Newark , Elizabeth , and Union . It originally contained

4875-409: The 2017 gubernatorial election , Democrat Phil Murphy received 4,381 votes (85.7% vs. 65.2% countywide), ahead of Republican Kim Guadagno with 678 votes (13.3% vs. 32.6%), and other candidates with 56 votes (1.1% vs. 2.1%), among the 5,488 ballots cast by the township's 13,660 registered voters, for a turnout of 40.2%. In the 2013 gubernatorial election , Democrat Barbara Buono received 67.8% of

5000-584: The 2024-2025 session , the 28th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Renee Burgess ( D , Irvington ) and in the General Assembly by Garnet Hall (D, Maplewood ) and Cleopatra Tucker (D, Newark ). Union County is governed by a Board of County Commissioners , whose nine members are elected at-large to three-year terms of office on

5125-544: The Detroit real estate magnate who had bought the Lionel product line from General Mills in 1986. See Lionel, LLC . Lionel trains were manufactured from 1920 to 1929 in a factory at 605 21st Street in Irvington, New Jersey . The factory was destroyed by a fire on April 5, 2004. According to a report from the local fire department, 100 firefighters were needed to extinguish the blaze. The building had been vacant for ten years and

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5250-653: The Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota . Cadwallader C. Washburn acquired the company shortly after its founding and hired his brother William D. Washburn to assist in the company's development. In 1866 the Washburns got into the business themselves, building the Washburn "B" Mill at the falls. At the time, the building was considered to be so large and output so vast that it could not possibly sustain itself. However,

5375-625: The New Jersey Department of Transportation and 0.72 miles (1.16 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority . The Garden State Parkway , Interstate 78 , U.S. Route 22 , New Jersey Route 439 and County Route 509 all pass through Hillside. The Union toll plaza of the Garden State Parkway is located on the northbound lanes of the parkway, approaching the interchange for I-78. NJ Transit offers bus service to

5500-789: The Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan on the 113 and 114 routes and to other New Jersey points. There is one train line that passes through the township but there are no stations. The Irvington Industrial Branch of the Lehigh Valley Railroad (now Conrail Shared Assets ) breaks off of the mainline to serve several industries. The closest train stations are Union station in Union , and North Elizabeth station in Elizabeth . Newark Liberty International Airport

5625-585: The market leader, selling metal trains with colourful paint schemes. Lionel's fierce ad campaigning took a toll on Ives, which filed bankruptcy in 1928. Lionel and American Flyer bought Ives and operated it jointly until 1930, when Lionel bought Flyer's share outright, causing Lionel to operate Ives as a subsidiary until 1932. The Great Depression badly hurt Lionel and other toy companies. In 1930, Lionel's operating profit dropped to $ 82,000  - its operating profit in 1927 had been more than $ 500,000  - and in 1931, it lost $ 207,000. The trains were considered

5750-521: The 10th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 28th state legislative district. For the 118th United States Congress , New Jersey's 10th congressional district is represented by LaMonica McIver ( D , Newark ). New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker ( Newark , term ends 2027) and George Helmy ( Mountain Lakes , term ends 2024). For

5875-470: The 176 schools systemwide a decade earlier. A portion of Kean University is located in the Westminster section of Hillside, on the grounds of the former Pingry School . As of May 2010 , the township had a total of 48.48 miles (78.02 km) of roadways, of which 38.72 miles (62.31 km) were maintained by the municipality, 5.57 miles (8.96 km) by Union County, 3.47 miles (5.58 km) by

6000-603: The 1890s kitchen and the 1900s store. The society has also added to the grounds an authentic post and beam barn, a Phil Rizzuto and All Sports Museum honoring the Hillside legend as well as an archive to house the many documents the society has obtained over the years. Jean-Ray Turner, a reporter for the Elizabeth Daily Journal , wrote Along the Upper Road in the 1970s, a book of the history of Hillside. Hillside has been

6125-491: The 1960s. In 1985, General Mills spun off its Kenner-Parker division, with Lionel being placed under Kenner-Parker. In 1986, Lionel was sold again, this time to toy train collector and real estate developer Richard P. Kughn of Detroit, Michigan; it became Lionel Trains Inc (LTI). In 1989, Lionel phased out the Mighty Sound of Steam and replaced it with what would eventually be called "RailSounds," beginning with their re-issue of

6250-520: The 1980s in the Woodruff home on Conant Street, perhaps the township's oldest. The Woodruff House and Eaton Store Museum is operated and maintained by the Hillside Historical Society. Purchased by the society in 1978, the house has been faithfully restored to its original grandeur. The Woodruff House spans three centuries in one structure, including the original 1735 building, the 1790 addition,

6375-408: The 2017 general election, none of the candidates for mayor or at-large council seats crossed the 50% threshold, leading to a December run-off between Dahlia Vertreese and Jorge A. Batista, the two top candidates for mayor, and the top six for council, consisting of the three-person slates affiliated with the two mayoral candidates. The runoff was won by Vertreese and her slate. Hillside is located in

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6500-424: The 5,492 ballots cast by the township's 12,413 registered voters, yielding a 44.2% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county). The Hillside Public Schools serve students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade . As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of six schools, had an enrollment of 3,123 students and 260.7 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.0:1. Schools in

6625-529: The 736 Berkshire, which was basically a 726 with Magne-Traction. In 1952, the Korean war caused a shortage of magnetic materials, so Lionel reissued the 726 as the 726rr (726 rerun). From 1953 until 1968, Lionel produced the 736 again. During the post-war period, Lionel produced a construction set , using a unique component set. While competitive sets used nut and bolt fasteners, the Lionel set employed round-head aircraft rivets retained with rubber grommets, eliminating

6750-543: The 746, released in 1957, as the best postwar Lionel locomotive. It is a model of Norfolk and Western's J class steam engine. During both the pre-war and post-war eras, Lionel made many models of electric locomotives; during the post-war era, Lionel made models of the EP-5 and Virginian EL-C , in addition to the GG1 . From 1946 through 1949, Lionel issued the 726 2-8-4 Berkshire, which is a prized item today. From 1950 to 1951, Lionel produced

6875-428: The 9,323 ballots cast by the township's 12,982 registered voters, for a turnout of 71.8% (vs. 68.8% in Union County). In the 2008 presidential election , Democrat Barack Obama received 7,908 votes (83.3% vs. 63.1% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 1,491 votes (15.7% vs. 35.2%) and other candidates with 33 votes (0.3% vs. 0.9%), among the 9,492 ballots cast by the township's 12,766 registered voters, for

7000-567: The Blue Streak Freight, an entry-level O-27 gauge train set produced by Lionel. The set included a blue Jersey Central Lines steam locomotive with a 2-4-2 wheel configuration and attached tender car. Lionel integrated several features into the locomotive, including a working headlight and a smoke unit. In 1974, Lionel began to offer trains in HO scale for the first time since the postwar period; they were last cataloged in 1966. In 1975, Lionel introduced

7125-617: The Fairbanks-Morse Train Master diesel locomotive and re-introduced the American Flyer S gauge line of trains, both of which had not been produced since 1966. Starting in the 1980s, Lionel began to issue more postwar-derived operating accessories, such as the Lumber Mill, Ice Depot, and News Stand. In 1984, they released the 783 Hudson locomotive, which descended from the 773 scale-sized Hudson originally made in 1950 and again in

7250-508: The Foot , Fruit Gushers , Fruit Roll-Ups , and Fruit Shapes. Hillside, New Jersey Hillside is a township in Union County , in the U.S. state of New Jersey . As of the 2020 United States census , the township's population was 22,456, an increase of 1,052 (+4.9%) from the 2010 census count of 21,404, which in turn reflected a decline of 343 (−1.6%) from the 21,747 counted in

7375-536: The General Mills name, including Cheerios , Wheaties , Chex , Lucky Charms , Trix , Cocoa Puffs and Count Chocula and the other monster cereals . The company can trace its history to the Minneapolis Milling Company , incorporated in 1856. The company was founded by Illinois Congressman Robert Smith , who leased power rights to flour mills operating along the west side of Saint Anthony Falls on

7500-524: The Lionel Board of Directors. Lionel began making a variety of scientifically oriented, hands-on educational toys, designated "Lionel-Porter." The product line, cataloged from 1961 to 1968, included Chemcraft chemistry sets, Microcraft microscope sets, Biocraft biology sets, and sets teaching about mineralogy, physics, geology, mathematics, and industrial science, along with a junior line of tool sets. Lionel's efforts to diversify failed to compensate for

7625-469: The Lionel company changed: it added subsidiary companies unrelated to toy train sets — among them were Dale Electronics, Sterling Electric Motors, and Telerad Manufacturing. During Cohn's unsuccessful four-year tenure, Lionel lost more than US$ 13 million. As part of the diversification, Lionel formed a relationship with the Porter Chemical Company , whose owner, Harold M. Porter, was a member of

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7750-453: The Lionel company icon and the icon of the era. The 2343, 2383, and 2353 Santa Fe F3's improved on it. Lionel declined rapidly after 1956. Hobbyists preferred the smaller but more realistic HO scale trains, and children's interest shifted from toy trains to toy cars. The shift caught Lionel off guard, and in 1957, they hastily introduced a line of HO-scale trains licensed from Rivarossi and a line of slot car racing sets. Neither product line

7875-634: The Millers' International Exhibition in Cincinnati , causing them to launch the Gold Medal flour brand. In 1924, the company acquired a failing Twin Cities radio station, WLAG , renaming it WCCO (from Washburn-Crosby Company). General Mills itself was created on June 20, 1928, when Washburn-Crosby President James Ford Bell merged Washburn-Crosby with three other mills. In the same year, General Mills acquired

8000-739: The United States government under Project Genetrix to surveil Eastern bloc countries, in particular their nuclear capabilities. The aeronautical work of General Mills done around the time of the Second World War was continued by Raven Industries . The General Mills Electronics division developed the DSV Alvin submersible, which is notable for being used in investigating the wreck of Titanic among other deep-sea exploration missions. Beginning in 1929, General Mills products contained box top coupons, known as Betty Crocker coupons, with varying point values, which were redeemable for discounts on

8125-531: The Wichita Mill and Elevator Company of the industrialist Frank Kell of Wichita Falls , Texas . With the sale, Kell acquired cash plus stock in the corporation. Shares of the new company's stock were first sold on the New York Stock Exchange on November 30, 1928, at $ 65 per share. The newly merged company paid a dividend in 1928 and has continued the dividend uninterrupted ever since – one of only

8250-441: The building was available for lease. The former Lionel assembly factory was located at 50625 Richard W. Blvd, Chesterfield — a short drive from the office building. General Mills General Mills, Inc. is an American multinational manufacturer and marketer of branded ultra-processed consumer foods sold through retail stores. Founded on the banks of the Mississippi River at Saint Anthony Falls in Minneapolis ,

8375-584: The business but it was floated on the stock exchange with General Mills's shareholders getting equivalent shares in Kenner Parker. This was more tax efficient for General Mills. In 1990, a joint venture with Nestlé S.A. called Cereal Partners was formed which markets cereals (including many existing General Mills cereal brands) outside the US and Canada under the Nestlé name. In 2001, the company purchased Pillsbury (sans Burger King ) from Diageo , although it

8500-410: The chain had regrown to 100 stores and was the fourth-largest toy retailer in the country, but it encountered financial troubles due to a combination of factors. In 1989, Robert I. Toussie L.P., a partnership of several retail executives, attempted to buy the company. Lionel resisted and the fight drained the company of cash. Meanwhile, non-specialty discount stores expanded their toy sections and undercut

8625-571: The company announced it would be restructuring, splitting into four business groups based on global region, and cutting as many as 600 jobs. In February 2018, the company entered into the pet products industry, paying $ 8 billion to buy Blue Buffalo Pet Products, Inc. As of 2018, the company ranked 182nd on the Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by revenue. Having launched its first regenerative agriculture pilot program in March 2019,

8750-466: The company announced that it had changed its legal terms on its website to introduce an arbitration clause requiring all disputes with General Mills to be resolved in small claims court or arbitration and not as a participant in a class action . The change was made shortly after a judge's March 26, 2014, denial of a motion to dismiss a class action regarding the marketing of the company's Nature Valley brand products. Users would be deemed to accept

8875-410: The company endured a series of management turnovers. In 1967 Lionel purchased American Flyer trains from bankrupt A. C. Gilbert Company , but did not have a new catalog for that year. In December 1968 Ronald Saypol, Joshua Cowen's former grandson-in-law, became President and CEO of the Lionel Corporation, and in the following year, in an attempt to divest the company of what was by then determined to be

9000-404: The company has plans to improve soil health on 1 million acres of farmland by 2030 and has formed a partnership with Regrow Agriculture, a software and data analysis company that uses satellite imagery , weather data , and soil data to measure carbon sequestration in soil . In February 2020, General Mills was recognized by CDP as a global leader in corporate sustainability and received

9125-482: The company originally gained fame for being a large flour miller . It is headquartered in Golden Valley, Minnesota , a suburb of Minneapolis . Today, the company markets many well-known North American brands, including Gold Medal flour, Annie's Homegrown , Lärabar , Cascadian Farm, Betty Crocker , Yoplait , Nature Valley , Totino's , Pillsbury , Old El Paso , Häagen-Dazs , as well as breakfast cereals under

9250-473: The company succeeded, and in 1874 he built the even bigger Washburn "A" Mill . In 1877, the mill entered a partnership with John Crosby to form the Washburn-Crosby Company , producing winter wheat flour. That same year Washburn sent William Hood Dunwoody to England to open the market for spring wheat. Dunwoody was successful and became a silent partner. In 1878, the "A" mill was destroyed in

9375-506: The date of incorporation: the official paperwork is dated September 5, but the paperwork was not filed until September 22, more than two weeks later. Initially, the company specialized in electrical novelties, such as fans and lighting devices. Lionel's first train, the Electric Express, was long thought by historians to have been intended for use as a storefront display, rather than for sale to consumers. Delivered in December 1900, it operated on

9500-563: The district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics ) are Abram P. Morris Early Childhood Center (636 students; in grades Pre-K–1), Calvin Coolidge Elementary School (205; grade 2), Hurden Looker School (461; 3–4), George Washington School (488; grade 5), Walter O. Krumbiegel Middle School (452; 6–8) and Hillside High School (842; 9–12). Hillside High School on Liberty Avenue

9625-563: The early 1950s the township established Conant Park, its largest. The park is bounded by the Elizabeth River and Conant Street. At the rear area of the park near Pingry School was the boundary of the Kean Estate, the boyhood home of Governor Thomas Kean (1982–1990). The wealthy Kean family also donated the land on Morris Avenue and helped to establish Newark Normal College in 1885, which was renamed Kean College, and later Kean University , in

9750-515: The end of the "true Lionel trains", due to the original Lionel Corporation divesting itself of toy train production and the changes in design and manufacture, sometimes for the worse, that took place under Lionel trains' new owners. After the Lionel Corporation sold the rights to manufacture trains to General Mills in 1969, the Modern Era began the following year with train products being reproduced and introduced. The Lionel Corporation would continue as

9875-573: The existing standards that other manufacturers had been using since 1891. Whether this was an accidental misreading of Märklin 's 2 gauge specifications or an intentional incompatibility is unclear. Lionel marketed the non-standard track as "The Standard of the World," soon adopted the name in catalogs as Standard Gauge , and trademarked the name. When other U.S. companies began using Lionel's standard, they usually called it wide gauge . Starting in 1915, Lionel followed most of its U.S. competitors and adopted

10000-706: The family's honor. Also in the 1950s the Town Hall, Police Headquarters and Municipal Library were constructed at the corner of Liberty and Hillside Avenues. Township organizations include Rotary International , Kiwanis , Knights of Columbus , Elks , the Hillside Industrial Association, the Hillside Business and Professional Women's Club, the Republican Club and the Democratic Club, as well as

10125-416: The farms of Woodruff, Conant and Saybrook. Local streets still bear their names. Hillside was incorporated shortly after the appearance of Halley's Comet in 1910, and for that reason, the team nickname of Hillside High School was made the "Comets" when the high school opened in 1940. Several local businesses take the name "Comet" for the same reason. The Hillside Historical Society was established in

10250-477: The first Lionel product was the motorized Converse Trolley, with the Electric Express being made to diversify the motor's use. Lionel's earliest trains were larger than the sizes commonly available today, running on two-rail tracks with the rails 2 7 ⁄ 8  inches apart. In 1906, Lionel began offering a three-rail track that simplified wiring of reverse loops and accessories. Its outer rails were 2 1 ⁄ 8  inches apart, which did not match any of

10375-543: The five other passengers were wounded, though the Union County Prosecutor indicated that there was no clear explanation for why the police had started shooting. The Reverend Al Sharpton held a rally outside Town Hall on Hillside Avenue demanding that the police officers involved in the shootings should be prosecuted for their actions. According to the United States Census Bureau , the township had

10500-517: The general election. As of 2024 , the Mayor of Hillside is Dahlia O. Vertreese, whose term of office ends December 31, 2025. Members of the Township Council are Council President Craig Epps (At-large, 2025), Lisa Bonanno (At-large, 2025), David Feuerstein (Ward 4, 2027), Andrea Hyatt (Ward 1, 2027), Daryl Joyner (Ward 3, 2027), Robert Rios (At-large, 2025), and Salonia Saxton (Ward 2, 2027). In

10625-486: The holiday, and making them popular Christmas presents. Lionel made its trains larger than those of its competitors, making them appear a better value. Competitors criticized the lack of realism of Lionel's trains. Cowen had been unwilling to invest in the equipment necessary for lithography , so its early offerings were simply painted in solid colors of enamel paint with brass detail parts. Lionel responded by targeting advertising at children, telling them its products were

10750-561: The home of Bristol-Myers Squibb . Lionel Trains were manufactured from 1929 to 1974 at a factory located in Hillside that employed as many as 2,000 employees. The town thrived for decades and reached an economic peak in the 1960s. Blue collar workers who lived primarily in the central part of town were employed in local manufacturing concerns. White collar workers established the neighborhood known as Westminster where Yankee shortstop and broadcaster Phil Rizzuto lived for most of his adult life, until his death. That section of town also included

10875-490: The market share they once held in the toy industry, and by 1958 reported a net loss of $ 469,057. Company founder Joshua Cowen officially retired that same year. On September 8, 1965, Cowen died at the age of 88 in Palm Beach, Florida. Beginning in the 1960s, Lionel attempted to diversify into other product lines, such as phonographs, science, weather station and plastics engineering kits. Toy train sales continued to decline and

11000-431: The model market. It was the start of the company's scale-detailed, die-cast look. While numerous equally successful streamliners were issued in the following years, the handcar experiment was not repeated. Lionel left the novelty market to the cheaper toy manufacturers. Lionel avoided bankruptcy and emerged from receivership the next year. By 1939, Lionel had discontinued its standard gauge products, concentrating instead on

11125-480: The money to exploit them and filed bankruptcy less than four months later, on August 7, 1967. In 1969, Lionel's sales had declined to just over $ 1 million per year. Lionel sold the product die tooling for its struggling train line and leased the rights to the Lionel brand name to the cereal company General Mills . The Lionel brand name continues today, owned by Lionel, LLC . But many Lionel train enthusiasts consider 1969

11250-774: The more-affordable (and lucrative) O-gauge and OO gauge , which it had introduced in 1938. Lionel ceased toy production in 1942 to produce nautical items for the United States Navy during World War II . During this period, Lionel produced ads aimed at American teenagers, to begin planning their post-war layouts. Lionel also introduced the so-called Lionel Wartime Freight Train , a detailed set of cut-and-fold models of Lionel trains printed on cardstock. These were notoriously difficult to put together. Lionel made many models, including scale models, of actual trains. The Red Comet and Blue Streak sets included models of New York Central's Commodore Vanderbilt locomotive. In 1934, Lionel made

11375-458: The most common complaints being gastrointestinal in nature, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The episodes have not yet resulted in a company- or FDA-initiated recall; an FDA spokesperson said they were investigating approximately 100 reports. These reports came as norovirus was circulating in some areas of the U.S. It is relatively rare for cereals, as opposed to other foods, to be contaminated by microbes, because they must be baked, although it

11500-512: The most realistic toy trains. Additionally, Lionel criticized the durability of competitors' products in ads targeted at parents. By 1922, Lionel was competing mainly against American Flyer and Ives Manufacturing Company . Also in 1922, Boucher bought out Voltamp and started making what was known as the "Rolls-Royce" of standard gauge trains. In 1925, American Flyer jumped into the standard gauge market; and by 1926, Dorfan started making their own standard gauge trains as well. William Walthers ,

11625-465: The need for tools. The structural elements were hollow beams of square cross section made from folded and quite thin sheet aluminum. It was subject to destruction if stepped upon. A more substantial folded aluminum base plate was used to form the foundation of most constructions, and additional circular plates could be used to construct larger wheels or pivots. Pulleys, gussets, and splices were also included. The deluxe kits included an electric AC motor with

11750-615: The north and northeast by Newark , both in Essex County . Elizabeth borders Hillside to the east and southeast, while Union borders to the west. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Hillside has a humid subtropical climate , abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. The 2010 United States census counted 21,404 people, 7,112 households, and 5,533 families in

11875-432: The population were under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.0 years. For every 100 females, the population had 86.8 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 84.3 males. The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income

12000-418: The population. Of the 7,112 households, 33.2% had children under the age of 18; 48.7% were married couples living together; 22.0% had a female householder with no husband present and 22.2% were non-families. Of all households, 18.6% were made up of individuals and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.01 and the average family size was 3.41. 23.7% of

12125-614: The population. As of the 2000 Census, an adjusted 11.2% of residents listed themselves as being of Portuguese ancestry, the third-highest in New Jersey among communities in which more than 1,000 residents recorded an ancestry group. There were 7,161 households, out of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.5% were married couples living together, 18.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.1% were non-families. 18.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who

12250-433: The postwar period. In 1971, Lionel debuted a new electronic sound system in their engines, called "Mighty Sound of Steam," to replace the electro-mechanical air whistles of the pre-war and post-war eras. An internal reorganization in 1973 caused Lionel to become part of General Mills' Fundimensions group. A new line of scale-sized freight cars, called "Standard O", was introduced that same year. The new line of trains included

12375-422: The pre-war B6 Pennsylvania switcher. It was rebranded as Lionel LLC in 1995. Lionel, LLC owns all trademarks and most of the rights associated with the Lionel Corporation. In the early 1970s Lionel bought Morsan Tents from founder Mort Jarashaw. It was a small chain of sporting goods stores based in New Jersey, which became Lionel Morsan. After the sale of its train product lines in 1969, Lionel Corporation became

12500-418: The prices of specialty toy chains. Additionally, Lionel found it difficult to compete on price with the larger Toys "R" Us , and it attempted to expand too rapidly in a weakened economy. After a string of unprofitable quarters, it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on June 14, 1991. In 1992, Lionel again tried to reverse its fortunes by merging with the bankrupt Child World , the United States' #3 toy retailer, but

12625-535: The private Pingry School for boys (which left the township) and is now the East Campus of Kean University . In the 1950s and 1960s the township was approximately one-half Jewish, many of whom lived either in Westminster or in the area of Hillside near Chancellor Avenue, adjacent to the Weequahic section of Newark, which was the early home of comedian Jerry Lewis and writer Philip Roth ( Portnoy's Complaint ). In

12750-522: The public's declining interest in its toy trains. By 1966, Lionel's revenue was $ 28 million, 40 percent from government contracts. Meanwhile, Lionel's closest competitor also was fading: in January 1967, the parent company of rival American Flyer, the A. C. Gilbert Company, went bankrupt. Lionel bought the American Flyer brand name and product line in May of that year in a $ 150,000 deal; however, Lionel lacked

12875-434: The same year, Lionel reportedly became the world's largest toy manufacturer. As the 1950s progressed, Lionel sales began to decline in proportion to the growing prevalence of space and military-themed toys and slot car racing sets. These changes coincided with the decline in rail travel as private automobiles proliferated, and the launching of Sputnik , which began the space-race between the United States and Soviet Union. There

13000-499: The smaller O gauge standard for its budget-level trains. During the pre-Great War era, Lionel competed with Ives Manufacturing Company , Boucher Manufacturing Company , Dorfan , Louis Marx and Company and American Flyer . By the end of World War I , Lionel was one of three major U.S. toy train manufacturers; the others were American Flyer and Louis Marx and Company. Cowen convinced department stores to incorporate his toy trains in their Christmas displays, linking toy trains to

13125-455: The so-called Anti-Monopoly game of an economics professor infringed their trademark. The dispute extended up to the U.S. Supreme Court , which ruled against them, saying that while they have exclusive rights to the game Monopoly , they cannot prevent others from using the word " monopoly " in the name of a game. In 1985, General Mills's toy division was separated from its parent as Kenner Parker Toys, Inc. There were many potential acquirers of

13250-513: The terms by interacting with General Mills on its website in various ways, such as downloading coupons, subscribing to newsletters, or participating in Internet forums hosted on the website. The New York Times stated that the agreement could be interpreted to additionally construe purchasing General Mills products at a grocery store or liking the company's Facebook page as assent to the terms; General Mills disclaimed that interpretation, calling it

13375-478: The township. The population density was 7,784.0 per square mile (3,005.4/km ). There were 7,536 housing units at an average density of 2,740.6 per square mile (1,058.2/km ). The racial makeup was 34.75% (7,438) White , 53.19% (11,384) Black or African American , 0.22% (47) Native American , 2.73% (585) Asian , 0.03% (7) Pacific Islander , 6.22% (1,332) from other races , and 2.85% (611) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.63% (3,774) of

13500-510: The toy industry was in 1965. The company bought Rainbow Crafts , which was the manufacturer of Play-Doh . General Mills's purchase of the company was significant because it brought production costs down and tripled the revenue. In 1967, General Mills bought the Kenner toy company. General Mills came out with their "monster cereals" in the 1970s. The cereals are now produced and sold seasonally around Halloween . In 1970, General Mills acquired

13625-490: The two were merged in 2004 to form Hillside Catholic Academy with the students from both schools together at the facility on Bloy Street. The school was one of eight closed by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark at the end of the 2011–2012 school year, in the face of declining enrollment and rising expenses, part of a long-term reduction in the number of schools in the archdiocese, which had dropped to 112 from

13750-561: The vote (3,362 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 31.6% (1,564 votes), and other candidates with 0.6% (31 votes), among the 5,370 ballots cast by the township's 12,816 registered voters (413 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 41.9%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election , Democrat Jon Corzine received 4,236 ballots cast (77.1% vs. 50.6% countywide), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 1,085 votes (19.8% vs. 41.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 102 votes (1.9% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 32 votes (0.6% vs. 0.8%), among

13875-427: Was $ 55,520 (with a margin of error of +/− $ 5,760) and the median family income was $ 67,492 (+/− $ 5,643). Males had a median income of $ 44,421 (+/− $ 3,088) versus $ 42,927 (+/− $ 4,392) for females. The per capita income for the township was $ 35,486 (+/− $ 3,349). About 9.4% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 15.7% of those under age 18 and 13.3% of those age 65 or over. As of

14000-456: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.04 and the average family size was 3.45. In the township the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males. The median income for

14125-583: Was an associated military build-up as the Cold War progressed after World War II. The remaining interest in toy and model trains that existed was geared toward HO scale, which gradually overtook O gauge in popularity. It had more realistic detailing and its smaller size enabled the enthusiast to do more modelling within the same amount of space. Lionel attempted to keep pace with changing trends by offering space and military-themed train sets, and introducing their own HO line of trains. But they were never able to reclaim

14250-544: Was as popular as its O-gauge trains. Efforts to increase train set profitability and/or sales by cheaper manufacture (largely by replacing castings and folded sheet metal with unpainted injected-molded colored plastic) were largely unsuccessful; 1957 was Lionel's last profitable post-war year. In 1959, Cowen and son sold their interest in the Lionel company and retired. The buyer was Cowen's grandnephew, Roy Cohn (businessman and attorney to Senator Joseph McCarthy ) who replaced most of Cowen's management. The business direction of

14375-421: Was in a state of disrepair, according to Fire Chief Don Huber. Trains were manufactured from 1929 to 1974 in the Lionel factory at 28 Sager Place in Hillside, New Jersey . Photos of both New Jersey factories in derelict state prior to their demise can be seen at the ihorse.com Web site. The building that housed the last Lionel office is located at 26750 23 Mile Road, Chesterfield, Michigan ; as of March 31, 2017,

14500-751: Was listed on the database on account of the activities of its subsidiary General Mills Israel in Israeli settlements in these occupied territories, which some have argued is illegal under international law . General Mills's breakfast cereals include: Some brands are marketed outside the US and Canada by the Cereal Partners joint venture using the Nestlé brand. General Mills' past and current cereal collaborations include: General Mills cereals no longer manufactured include: The company's baking-goods brands include: It also produces fruit snacks , including Fruit by

14625-572: Was officially described as a "merger". Since 2004, General Mills has been producing more products targeted to the growing ranks of health-conscious consumers. The company has chosen to switch its entire breakfast cereal line to whole grain . The company also started manufacturing their child-targeted cereals with less sugar. General Mills has reduced the level of sugar in all cereals advertised to children to 11 grams per serving. In April 2011, General Mills announced that it will switch all 1 million eggs it uses each year to cage-free. General Mills

14750-456: Was one voter registered to other parties. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 56.0% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 73.4% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide). In the 2012 presidential election , Democrat Barack Obama received 8,059 votes (86.4% vs. 66.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 1,186 votes (12.7% vs. 32.3%) and other candidates with 23 votes (0.2% vs. 0.8%), among

14875-554: Was originally constructed in 1941, replacing the Coe Avenue (A.P. Morris) School which became a grammar school. Additions were later added to accommodate the baby-boomers of the 1950s and 1960s. In the mid-sixties the high school held some 1,500 students. Catholic grammar schools included Christ the King on Columbia Avenue and St. Catherine of Siena School in Elizabeth on North Broad Street until

15000-570: Was ranked #181 on the 2012 Fortune 500 list of America's largest corporations, 161 in 2015 and was the third-largest food consumer products company in the United States. During June 2012, the company's vice-president for diversity stated that General Mills opposes a Minnesota amendment banning gay marriage, stating that the company values "inclusion". The company received positive feedback for its stand which might attract people to its global workforce. The company announced in September 2014 that it would acquire organic food producer Annie's Inc. for

15125-514: Was selected in 1996 as one of a group of seven zones added to participate in the program. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment and investment within the UEZ, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (half of the 6 + 5 ⁄ 8 % rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants. Established in May 1996, the township's Urban Enterprise Zone status expires in May 2027. Musical groups from Hillside include Blanks 77 ,

15250-488: Was short-lived. Talbots was purchased by a Japanese company, then known as JUSCO , and the Spiegel company purchased Bauer. Spiegel later declared bankruptcy, yet Bauer still remains, albeit in a smaller presence in the United States today. From 1976 to 1985, General Mills went to court as the parent company of Parker Brothers , which held the rights on the brand name and gaming idea of the board game Monopoly , claiming that

15375-462: Was the 224, a pre-war carryover 2-6-2 Prairie type. In 1947, Lionel produced a model of the Pennsylvania Railroad 's GG1 . One year later, Lionel began production of their famous Santa Fe F3 . As a direct descendant of the pre-war 763E locomotive, in 1950, Lionel released the 773, another scale Hudson. The Lionel FA model was also introduced in 1950. Many collectors and operators ranked

15500-424: Was the largest toy company in the world by the early 1950s. Had that been the case, it was a short-lived greatness: Lionel's 1955 sales were some $ 23 million, while rival Marx 's toy (more than just trains) sales were $ 50 million. The 1946–1956 decade was Lionel's Golden Age. The Lionel Santa Fe 2333 Diesel locomotive, an EMD F3 in the colorful Santa Fe "Warbonnet" paint scheme that was introduced in 1948, became

15625-465: Was unable to secure financing. By February 1993, Lionel had closed all but 29 stores in six states, concentrating on the markets of Philadelphia , central New Jersey , Baltimore , Washington, D.C. , Cleveland , and south Florida . Unable to reach an agreement for reorganization with its creditors, on June 2, 1993, Lionel announced its intention to liquidate all of its stores and go out of business. The Lionel trademarks were purchased by Richard Kughn,

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