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18-573: Major General Lionel Charles Dunsterville , CB , CSI (9 November 1865 – 18 March 1946) was a British Army officer, who led Dunsterforce across present-day Iraq and Iran towards the Caucasus and Baku during the First World War . Lionel Charles Dunsterville was born in Lausanne , Switzerland on 9 November 1865, the son of Lieutenant General Lionel D'Arcy Dunsterville (1830–1912) of

36-615: A rear admiral in the Royal Navy or an air vice-marshal in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries. The rank insignia is the star (or 'pip') of the Order of the Bath , over a crossed sword and baton. In terms of orthography, compound ranks were invariably hyphenated prior to about 1980. Nowadays the rank is almost equally invariably non-hyphenated. When written as

54-495: A Royal Marines major general ranks below a lieutenant general and above a brigadier. From its foundation on 1 April 1918 to 31 July 1919, the Royal Air Force (RAF) briefly used the rank of major-general. The service was a wartime amalgamation of the Army's Royal Flying Corps and the Navy's Royal Naval Air Service , so the ranks were a compromise between these two traditions. The insignia of

72-835: A railway staff officer he served in China during the Boxer Rebellion 1900–02, for which he was mentioned in despatches (by Major-General O'Moore Creagh , commander of British forces in China after the end of the main hostilities), and was promoted to major on 23 August 1902, and colonel on 1 May 1912. In the First World War Dunsterville held a posting in India. At the end of 1917 the army appointed then-Major Dunsterville to lead an Allied force ( Dunsterforce ) of fewer than 1,000 Australian, British, Canadian and New Zealand troops, drawn from

90-530: A title, especially before a person's name, both words of the rank are always capitalised, whether using the "traditional" hyphenated style or the modern un-hyphenated style. When used as common nouns, they might be written in lower-case: "Major General Montgomery was one of several major generals to be promoted at this time." In the British Army, a division is commanded by a major general. However, other appointments may also be held by major generals. For example,

108-534: Is accorded "the relative precedence" – the respect, courtesies and insignia, rather than the full powers and authority – of the rank of major general. The office of Commandant General Royal Marines (CGRM), the professional head of the Royal Marines, was created at the rank of full general in 1943. In 1977, the rank was downgraded to lieutenant general, and it was further reduced to of major general in 1996. On 30 April 2021, Lieutenant General Robert Magowan assumed

126-835: The Commandant of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst is a major general. Until around the 1980s, the heads of each branch of service, such as the Royal Armoured Corps , the Royal Artillery and the Corps of Infantry , were major generals. Other, administrative, commands were also appointments for a major general. In addition, the senior officer of the Royal Army Chaplains' Department , the Chaplain-General ,

144-570: The Mesopotamian and Western Fronts , accompanied by armoured cars, from Hamadan in the Zagros Mountains of Persia for some 350 km across Qajar Persia . Dunsterville was promoted to major-general in 1918. His mission set out from Baghdad in January 1918, aiming to gather information, to train and command local forces, and to prevent the spread of German propaganda . On his way to Enzeli on

162-587: The Royal Air Force for a year and a half, from its creation in April 1918 until August 1919. In the British Army, a major general is the customary rank for the appointment of division commander. In the Royal Marines, the Commandant General holds at least the rank of major general. A major general is senior to a brigadier but subordinate to a lieutenant general . The rank is OF-7 on the NATO rank scale , equivalent to

180-589: The Indian Army and his wife, Susan Ellen (1835–1875). He went to school with Rudyard Kipling and George Charles Beresford at The United Services College , a public school later absorbed into Haileybury and Imperial Service College , which prepared British young men for careers in Her Majesty's Army. He served as the inspiration for the character " Stalky " in Kipling's collection of school stories Stalky & Co . He

198-673: The Indian Staff Corps married Margaret Emily (known as "Daisie"), daughter of Captain John Walter Keyworth late 48th Regiment, in November 1897 at Bishopsteignton, Devon, England. Their elder son, Lionel Walter Dunsterville, was born on 9 September 1902 at Tientsin, China; their younger son Galfrid Charles Keyworth was born on 18 February 1905; and their daughter Susannah Margaret on 14 July 1911. Galfrid co-authored books on Venezuelan orchids with L. A. Garay . Susannah's first husband

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216-646: The Persian Caspian coast he also fought Mirza Kuchik Khan and his Jangali forces in Manjil . Dunsterville was assigned to re-inforce the defence of the key oil-field and port of Baku (in present-day Azerbaijan ), held from 26 July 1918 by the anti-Soviet Centro Caspian Dictatorship . Dunsterforce personnel first arrived in Baku on 6 August 1918. However, the British and their allies chose to abandon Baku on 14 September 1918 in

234-530: The face of an onslaught by 14,000 Ottoman troops and Azerbaijani Generals like Ali-Agha Shikhlinski and Gaimmegam Hasan Bey, who took the city the next day. The Allies regained control of Baku within two months as a result of the Ottoman armistice of 30 October 1918. Promoted to major general in 1918, Dunsterville died in 1946 at Torquay, Devon, England. Captain Lionel Charles Dunsterville of

252-795: The number of senior officers who did hold the rank of major-general in the RAF: Leslie Andrew Garay Garay was born in Hungary , and after the Second World War he emigrated first to Canada and then to the United States. He was a taxonomist and collector of orchids , particularly interested in the orchids of tropical America and Southeast Asia. His ideas were influential in orchid taxonomy, and he reorganized several genera, including Oncidium . In addition to reclassification of various species into different genera, he defined

270-525: The office of CGRM; he was succeeded on 25 November 2022 by Gwyn Jenkins , who already held the rank of full general from his appointment as Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff . Royal Marines in tri-service roles may still hold the rank of major general: in April 2019, James Morris was appointed as commander of the Standing Joint Force , with the rank of major general. As in the British Army,

288-456: The rank was derived from that of a Royal Navy rear-admiral and featured a broad gold stripe on the cuff below one narrow gold stripe. The two stripes were surmounted by an eagle (volant and affronty) under a King's crown. The RAF replaced the rank of major-general with the rank of air vice-marshal on 1 August 1919. Despite the short duration, the significance of the RAF to modern warfare was indicated by

306-747: Was also uncle to H.D. Harvey-Kelly , the first Royal Flying Corps pilot to land in France during the First World War . Dunsterville was commissioned into the British Army as a lieutenant in the Royal Sussex Regiment on 23 August 1884. He later transferred to the British Indian Army , was promoted to captain on 23 August 1895, and served on the North-West Frontier and in Waziristan . As

324-521: Was the Swiss lawyer and diplomat August R. Lindt , the son of a renowned chocolate manufacturer. Her second husband was Colditz escapee Damiaen Joan van Doorninck , whom she met in Switzerland during the Second World War as a Resistance worker. Major-general (United Kingdom) Major general ( Maj Gen ) is a "two-star" rank in the British Army and Royal Marines . The rank was also briefly used by

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