39-418: Linn County Courthouse may refer to: Linn County Courthouse (Iowa) , Cedar Rapids, Iowa Linn County Courthouse (Kansas) , Mound City, Kansas Linn County Courthouse (Missouri) , Linneus, Missouri Linn County Courthouse (Oregon) , Albany, Oregon Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
78-507: A new building. In 1922 voters passed a smaller bond referendum. The present courthouse was designed by Urbana, Illinois architect Joseph Royer in the Beaux-Arts style. It was completed in 1925 for just under $ 500,000. Royer also designed the former county jail that sat behind the courthouse. The building sustained significant damage from a flood in 2008 . Renovations of the building were completed in 2014. The Linn County Courthouse
117-790: A north-trending fault near the dormant Colli Albani volcano. The Guidonia quarry is located in this deposit of travertine. The ancient name for this stone was lapis tiburtinus , meaning tibur stone , which was gradually corrupted to travertino (travertine). Detailed studies of the Tivoli and Guidonia travertine deposits revealed diurnal and annual rhythmic banding and laminae, which have potential use in geochronology . Deposits of travertine are found in about 100 other locations in Italy, including Rapalino near Pisa . Cascades of natural lakes formed behind travertine dams can be seen in Pamukkale , Turkey, which
156-675: A smaller scale, these karst processes are still working. Important geotopes are found at the Swabian Alb , mainly in valleys at the foremost northwest ridge of the cuesta ; in many valleys of the eroded periphery of the karstic Franconian Jura ; and at the northern Alpine foothills . Dinaric karst watercourses, especially those in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, are known for build-up of rich travertine deposits and associated phenomena such as tufa and travertine caves, river islets, barriers and waterfalls. In Bosnia and Herzegovina Una river
195-584: A travertine cave. Honey Creek feeds this waterfall and creates miles of travertine shelves both up and downstream. Many small waterfalls upstream in the dense woods repeat the travertine-formation effect. Another travertine resource is in Sulphur, Oklahoma , 10 miles (16 km) east of Turner Falls. Travertine Creek flows through a spring-water nature preserve within the boundaries of the Chickasaw National Recreation Area . Austin, Texas , and
234-605: A triple waterfall over a travertine dam. The Soda Dam Hot Spring system of the Jemez Mountains of New Mexico have been intensively investigated because of its connection to the geothermal system of the Valles caldera . Hot groundwater from the caldera has moved along the Jemez fault, and mixed with cooler groundwater before emerging at the surface. Radiometric dating of the travertines show that deposition began almost immediately after
273-424: A weak acid, carbonic acid , which dissolves some of the limestone as soluble calcium bicarbonate ( Ca + 2 + 2HCO − 3 ): This is a reversible reaction , meaning that as the concentration of dissolved calcium bicarbonate builds up, the calcium bicarbonate begins to revert to calcium carbonate , water, and carbon dioxide. So long as there is nowhere for the carbon dioxide to go, chemical equilibrium
312-904: Is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Other places with such cascades include Huanglong in Sichuan Province of China (another UNESCO World Heritage Site), the Mammoth Hot Springs in the United States, Egerszalók in Hungary, Mahallat , Abbass Abad, Atash Kooh, and Badab-e Surt in Iran , Band-i-Amir in Afghanistan , Lagunas de Ruidera , Spain, Hierve el Agua , Oaxaca, Mexico and Semuc Champey , Guatemala . In Central Europe 's last post-glacial palaeoclimatic optimum ( Atlantic Period , 8000–5000 BC), huge deposits of tufa formed from karst springs . On
351-427: Is a form of terrestrial limestone deposited around mineral springs , especially hot springs . It often has a fibrous or concentric appearance and exists in white, tan, cream-colored, and rusty varieties. It is formed by a process of rapid precipitation of calcium carbonate , often at the mouth of a hot spring or in a limestone cave. In the latter, it can form stalactites , stalagmites , and other speleothems . It
390-455: Is a three-story Bedford stone structure built on a granite foundation. The building consists of a main block flanked by two short wings. Classical elements are found in the full entablature and the protruding, nine- bay entrance porch. Ten fluted columns in the Ionic order support the entablature and parapet . Decorative stone panels separate two floors of windows. A stone balustrade surrounds
429-637: Is clad with over 3 million pounds (about 1360 tonnes) of Ambra Light travertine from the Tivoli quarries. Architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe used travertine in several of his major works, including the Toronto-Dominion Centre , S.R. Crown Hall , the Farnsworth House and the Barcelona Pavilion . The New Mexico State Capitol has its rotunda finished with travertine mined from a deposit west of Belen, New Mexico . Stone from this quarry
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#1732858957880468-404: Is described as meteoric carrier, and the travertine formed by this mechanism as meteogene travertine . This is the principal mechanism for formation of speleothems. Groundwater with an enhanced concentration of CO 2 absorbed from soil infiltrates underlying limestone, dissolving some of the limestone. When this groundwater then emerges into a cave with a lower concentration of CO 2 , some of
507-481: Is described as thermogene travertine . This can form spectacular deposits of travertine, such as those of Pamukkale or Mammoth Hot Springs. The carbon dioxide may come from sources deep in the Earth, such as metamorphism of deeply buried rock. The carbon dioxide is carried to the surface by magma and is a major component of volcanic gases . Carbon dioxide may also be generated by magma bodies heating solid rock near
546-555: Is distinct from speleothems and tufa . Travertine is sometimes defined by its mode of origin, as rock formed by inorganic precipitation of calcium carbonate minerals onto a surface following exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and groundwater. Calcrete, lake marls , and lake reefs are excluded from this definition, but both speleothems and tufa are included. Fresh travertines vary widely in their porosity , from about 10% to 70%. Ancient ones may have porosities as low as 2% due to crystallization of secondary calcite in
585-485: Is frequently used in Italy and elsewhere as a building material . Similar (but softer and extremely porous) deposits formed from ambient-temperature water are known as tufa . Travertine is a sedimentary rock formed by the chemical precipitation of calcium carbonate minerals from fresh water, typically in springs, rivers, and lakes; that is, from surface and ground waters. In the broadest sense, travertine includes deposits in both hot and cold springs, including
624-730: Is located on May's Island in the middle of the Cedar River in Cedar Rapids, Iowa , United States. It, along with the Veterans Memorial Building and two other buildings, is a contributing property to the May's Island Historic District that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The courthouse is the third building the county has used for court functions and county administration. The county's first courthouse
663-496: Is one of the most frequently used stones in modern architecture . It is commonly used for indoor home/business flooring, outdoor patio flooring, spa walls and ceilings, façades, and wall cladding . The lobby walls of the modernist Willis Tower (1970) (formerly Sears Tower) in Chicago are made of travertine. Architect Welton Becket frequently incorporated travertine into many of his projects. The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center
702-664: Is particularly rich in deposits, and so is Pliva , Trebižat , Buna , Bregava . Travertine has formed 16 natural dams in a valley in Croatia known as Plitvice Lakes National Park . Clinging to moss and rocks in the water, the travertine has built up over several millennia to form waterfalls up to 70 m (230 ft) in height. Also in Croatia the Krka , Zrmanja with Krupa tributary, and Kupa in Croatia and Slovenia, and Krka in Slovenia. In
741-479: Is reached where dissolution of calcium carbonate is balanced by precipitation of calcium carbonate. If the groundwater moves into an environment with a lower concentration of carbon dioxide (as measured by its partial pressure , pCO 2 ), some of the carbon dioxide will escape into the environment, disturbing the equilibrium and allowing net precipitation of calcium carbonate to take place: The calcium carbonate most readily precipitates onto solid surfaces bathed by
780-454: Is white, but often it is brown to yellow due to impurities. Travertine is found in hundreds of locations around the world. Only a sampling of notable occurrences is listed here. Travertine is found at Tivoli, 25 kilometers (16 mi) east of Rome, where the travertine has been quarried for at least 2,000 years. Tivoli travertine was deposited in a body 20 square kilometers (7.7 sq mi) in area and 60 meters (200 ft) thick along
819-595: The Colosseum , the largest building in the world constructed mostly of travertine. In Italy, well-known travertine quarries exist in Tivoli and Guidonia Montecelio, where the most important quarries since Ancient Roman times can be found. The Tivoli quarries supplied the travertine from which Gian Lorenzo Bernini selected material from which to build the colonnade of St. Peter's Square in Rome ( colonnato di Piazza S. Pietro ) in 1656–1667. Michelangelo also chose travertine as
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#1732858957880858-717: The Sacré-Cœur Basilica in Paris , the Getty Center in Los Angeles , California, and Shell-Haus in Berlin . The travertine used in the Getty Center and Shell-Haus constructions was imported from Tivoli and Guidonia. Travertine is one of several natural stones that is used for paving patios and garden paths. It is sometimes known as travertine limestone or travertine marble; these are
897-452: The CO 2 escapes, allowing calcium carbonate to precipitate and build up stalactites, stalagmites, and other speleothems. Volcanic activity is the source of carbon dioxide in groundwater that emerges from hot springs. When the water reaches the mouth of the spring, it rapidly loses carbon dioxide to the open air and precipitates calcium carbonate around the spring mouth. Travertine formed this way
936-512: The Italian travertino , a derivation of the Latin tiburtinus meaning 'of Tibur', now known as Tivoli , near Rome, Italy. The formation of travertine begins when groundwater ( H 2 O ) containing an elevated concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) comes in contact with limestone or other rock containing calcium carbonate ( CaCO 3 ). The dissolved carbon dioxide acts as
975-580: The United States, the most well-known place for travertine formation is Yellowstone National Park , where the geothermal areas are rich in travertine deposits. Wyoming also has travertines in Hot Springs State Park in Thermopolis . Oklahoma has two parks dedicated to this natural wonder. Turner Falls , the tallest waterfall in Oklahoma, is a 77 feet (23 m) cascade of spring water flowing over
1014-556: The Valles caldera eruption and that the area is experiencing deposition that began 5,000 years ago. A new species of the extremophile green algae Scenedesmus was first isolated from the travertine of Soda Dam. In Iceland , the Hvanná river, located at the north flank of the Eyjafjallajökull , was heavily charged with CO 2 following the 2010 eruptions . Travertine precipitated along
1053-459: The groundwater, eventually building up thick deposits of travertine. Because of the role of CO 2 in dissolving and transporting calcium carbonate, it is sometimes described as the carrier CO 2 or simply as the carrier. The most important sources of elevated carbon dioxide concentration in groundwater are soil and volcanic activity. Water passing through soil picks up carbon dioxide from plant roots and decaying organic matter . This CO 2
1092-623: The material for the external ribs of the dome of St. Peter's Basilica . Travertine from Tivoli was used in the sculpting of the majority of the Trevi Fountain in Rome during the Baroque period. Travertine regained popularity as a building material in the Middle Ages. The central German town of Bad Langensalza has an extant medieval old town built almost entirely of local travertine. Twentieth century buildings using travertine extensively include
1131-450: The original pore spaces, while some of the fresh aragonite travertine at Mammoth Hot Springs in Wyoming has a porosity greater than 80%. A porosity of about 50% is typical for cold spring travertine while hot spring travertines have a mean porosity of about 26%. Speleothems have low porosities of less than 15%. Travertine forms distinctive landforms: The word 'travertine' is derived from
1170-493: The porous, spongy rock known as tufa , and also the cave features known as speleothems (which include stalactites and stalagmites ). Calcrete , which is calcium minerals deposited as a horizon in the soil profile , is not considered a form of travertine. Travertine is often defined in a more narrow sense as dense rock, sometimes massive but more commonly banded or with a fibrous internal structure, deposited in hot springs. In this more narrow sense, travertine
1209-463: The river. Travertine is often used as a building material . It typically lacks planes of weakness, and its high porosity makes it light in weight for its strength, gives it good thermal and acoustic insulating properties, and makes it relatively easy to work. Dense travertine makes excellent decorative stone when polished. The Romans mined deposits of travertine for building temples, monuments, aqueducts, bath complexes, and amphitheaters such as
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1248-450: The same stone, although travertine is classified properly as a type of limestone, not marble . The stone is characterised by pitted holes and troughs in its surface. Although these troughs occur naturally, they suggest signs of considerable wear and tear over time. It can be polished to a smooth, shiny finish, and comes in a variety of colors from grey to coral-red. Travertine is available in tile sizes for floor installations. Travertine
1287-411: The surface, it absorbs carbon dioxide from the air to precipitate calcium carbonate: While water carbonated by volcanic activity is usually associated with hot springs, such water occasionally cools to near ambient temperature before emerging at the surface. Likewise, water carbonated by passage through soil will occasionally have circulated to sufficient depths that it is quite warm when it reemerges at
1326-544: The surface, through thermal decomposition of organic matter, or by reactions of quartz or other silica minerals with carbonate minerals . Precipitation may be enhanced by factors leading to a reduction in pCO 2 , for example increased air-water interactions at waterfalls may be important, as may photosynthesis. Rarely, travertine may form from highly alkaline water containing dissolved calcium hydroxide ( Ca + 2 + 2OH ) produced during serpentinization of ultramafic rock. When this alkaline water reaches
1365-463: The surface. Water carbonated by volcanic activity will nonetheless tend to have a higher content of dissolved calcium bicarbonate and will generally be more enriched in the heavier C isotope . Both of the major calcium carbonate minerals, calcite and aragonite , are found in hot spring travertines; aragonite is preferentially precipitated when temperatures are high, while calcite dominates when temperatures are lower. When pure and fine, travertine
1404-577: The surrounding "Hill Country" to the south is built on limestone. The area has many travertine formations, such as those found at Gorman Falls within Colorado Bend State Park . Hanging Lake in Glenwood Canyon in Colorado was formed by travertine dams across a spring-fed stream. Travertine beds in the area are as much as 40 feet (12 m) thick. Rifle Falls State Park in Colorado features
1443-471: The terrace, and balconies on the first floor windows flank the entrance pavilion. The side elevations and the rear of the building provide a simpler appearance, but the cornice surrounds most of the building. The interior walls were built of travertine and marble covers the floors. [REDACTED] Media related to Linn County Courthouse (Iowa) at Wikimedia Commons Travertine Travertine ( / ˈ t r æ v ər t iː n / TRAV -ər-teen )
1482-520: The title Linn County Courthouse . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linn_County_Courthouse&oldid=964620900 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Linn County Courthouse (Iowa) The Linn County Courthouse
1521-518: Was built for $ 40,000 in 1842 in Marion . The building was two stories tall and constructed of brick. As Cedar Rapids vied for Marion to be the county seat a second courthouse was built in Marion in 1855. Cedar Rapids deeded a plot of land to the county for a courthouse in 1919. Even though voters failed to support a $ 1.3 million bond referendum to build the courthouse the board of supervisors continued to plan for
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