97-609: Lincoln-Sudbury Regional High School (LSRHS or LS) is a public regional high school in Sudbury, Massachusetts , with a 99% graduation-rate. The school was founded in 1954, and the building was replaced prior to the 2004–2005 academic year, with additional facilities added in subsequent years. The school takes residents of Hanscom Air Force Base who are not dependents of active duty military personnel. Dependents of active duty military personnel living on base are instead sent to Bedford High School . The Lincoln-Sudbury Regional School District
194-631: A 3-weekend a cappella festival held each February since 1975, where over a hundred collegiate groups have appeared, as well as International Quartet Champions The Boston Common and the contemporary commercial a cappella group Rockapella . Co-ed groups have produced many up-and-coming and major artists, including John Legend , an alumnus of the Counterparts at the University of Pennsylvania , Sara Bareilles , an alumna of Awaken A Cappella at University of California, Los Angeles , Mindy Kaling , an alumna of
291-636: A cappella arrangements through the use of a subway beat boxer character. Beat boxer and actor Chesney Snow performed this role for the 2010 Primary Stages production. According to the show's website, it is scheduled to reopen for an open-ended commercial run in the Fall of 2011. In 2011, the production received four Lucille Lortel Award nominations including Outstanding Musical, Outer Critics Circle and Drama League nominations, as well as five Drama Desk nominations including Outstanding Musical and won for Outstanding Ensemble Performance. In December 2016, In Transit became
388-511: A cappella choral development not only in Sweden but around the world, and finally there are a large number of very popular primary and secondary schools ('music schools') with high admission standards based on auditions that combine a rigid academic regimen with high level choral singing on every school day, a system that started with Adolf Fredrik's Music School in Stockholm in 1939 but has spread over
485-401: A cappella ensembles typically include one voice singing the lead melody, one singing a rhythmic bass line, and the remaining voices contributing chordal or polyphonic accompaniment. A cappella can also describe the isolated vocal track(s) from a multitrack recording that originally included instrumentation. These vocal tracks may be remixed or put onto vinyl records for DJs, or released to
582-502: A cappella groups can be found in high schools and colleges. There are amateur Barbershop Harmony Society and professional groups that sing a cappella exclusively. Although a cappella is technically defined as singing without instrumental accompaniment, some groups use their voices to emulate instruments; others are more traditional and focus on harmonizing. A cappella styles range from gospel music to contemporary to barbershop quartets and choruses. The Contemporary A Cappella Society (CASA)
679-481: A cappella groups for choral music. The groups present numerous concerts throughout the school year and both instrumental and choral groups participate in state and national competitions. Students interested in large ensemble but unable to participate during school hours may join Civic Orchestra, where students and adults in the community practice and perform together. The 1971 Lincoln-Sudbury Select Chorus performed as
776-558: A cappella groups, and Coro de Chicas, a soprano alto accompanied group. Lincoln-Sudbury offers instruction in French, German, Spanish, Latin, and Mandarin Chinese. Additionally, Lincoln-Sudbury takes part in French, German, and Spanish exchanges that occur (generally) bi-annually. The language department also has French, Latin, German, and Spanish clubs that fundraise and promote their respective language through organized activities. Lincoln-Sudbury
873-629: A cappella includes many vocal groups and bands who add vocal percussion or beatboxing to create a pop/rock/gospel sound, in some cases very similar to bands with instruments. Examples of such professional groups include Straight No Chaser , Pentatonix , The House Jacks , Rockapella , Mosaic , Home Free and M-pact . There also remains a strong a cappella presence within Christian music, as some denominations purposefully do not use instruments during worship. Examples of such groups are Take 6 , Glad and Acappella . Arrangements of popular music for small
970-539: A cappella music began to develop in Europe around the 9th century AD with the practice of organum , reaching its height between the 14th and 16th centuries with compositions by composers in the Franco-Flemish school (such as Guillaume Du Fay , Johannes Ockeghem , and Josquin des Prez ). The early a cappella polyphonies were sometimes doubled with other instruments, which were often wind or string instruments, or organs. By
1067-505: A cappella musical to appear Off-Broadway, In Transit , premiered October 5, 2010, and was produced by Primary Stages with book, music, and lyrics by Kristen Anderson-Lopez, James-Allen Ford, Russ Kaplan, and Sara Wordsworth . Set primarily in the New York City subway system its score features an eclectic mix of musical genres (including jazz, hip hop, Latin, rock, and country). In Transit incorporates vocal beat boxing into its contemporary
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#17328554228951164-448: A cappella tradition is especially strong in the countries around the Baltic and perhaps most so in Sweden as described by Richard Sparks in his doctoral thesis The Swedish Choral Miracle in 2000. Swedish a cappella choirs have over the last 25 years won around 25% of the annual prestigious European Grand Prix for Choral Singing (EGP) that despite its name is open to choirs from all over
1261-613: A cappella. In 1983, an a cappella group known as The Flying Pickets had a Christmas 'number one' in the UK with a cover of Yazoo 's (known in the US as Yaz ) " Only You ". A cappella music attained renewed prominence from the late 1980s onward, spurred by the success of Top 40 recordings by artists such as The Manhattan Transfer , Bobby McFerrin , Huey Lewis and the News , All-4-One , The Nylons , Backstreet Boys , Boyz II Men , and *NSYNC . Contemporary
1358-409: A colonial history. Incorporated in 1639, the boundaries of Sudbury included (by 1653) what is now Wayland (which split off in 1780, initially as East Sudbury), and parts of present day Framingham , Marlborough , Stow and Maynard (the latter town splitting off in 1871). Nipmuc Indians lived in what is now Sudbury, including Tantamous , a medicine man, and his son Peter Jethro , who deeded
1455-411: A household in the town was $ 151,041, and the median income for a family was $ 222,008. Males had a median income of $ 148,593 versus $ 47,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $ 75,865. About 2.1% of families and 2.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 3.9% of those under age 18 and 4.8% of those age 65 or over. The First Parish of Sudbury gathered in 1640 east of
1552-511: A large choral setting. Movements in modern a cappella over the past century include barbershop and doo wop . The Barbershop Harmony Society , Sweet Adelines International , and Harmony Inc. host educational events including Harmony University, Directors University, and the International Educational Symposium, and international contests and conventions, recognizing international champion choruses and quartets . Many
1649-524: A large parcel of land to Sudbury for settlement in 1684. The original town center and meetinghouse were located near the Sudbury River at what is now known as Wayland's North Cemetery. For the residents on the west side of the river, it was a treacherous passage in the winter and attendance at both worship services and Town Meetings was compulsory. In 1723 the West Parish meetinghouse was built west of
1746-470: A mix of student-written short scenes. In the fall of 2014, LSB players performed Chicago . In the fall of 2015, they performed the musical Wonderful Town , based on the movie My Sister Eileen . In the spring of 2016 they performed Mary Zimmerman's The Secret in the Wings. Musicals are accompanied by a live orchestra composed of students and conducted by the school's instrumental director, Thomas Grandprey. In 2016,
1843-636: A new high school near the site of the original building. The shared Lincoln-Sudbury Regional High School (LSRHS) is in Sudbury. There are four elementary schools in Sudbury and one middle school. The four elementary schools are: The middle school is: Sudbury has two former elementary schools that were converted to other uses: A cappella Music performed a cappella ( / ˌ ɑː k ə ˈ p ɛ l ə / AH kə- PEL -ə , UK also / ˌ æ k ə ˈ p ɛ l ə / AK ə- PEL -ə , Italian: [a kkapˈpɛlla] ; lit. ' in
1940-492: A proposal by Eversource to install buried transmission lines under the former Massachusetts Central Railroad right of way from Sudbury to Hudson now owned by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority . None of these lawsuits were found to have merit, and the buried transmission lines were installed by 2024, which also subsidized the majority of the cost and construction of a section of
2037-572: A stabbing death of one student by another in 2007 and sexual assault allegations in 2013. Lincoln-Sudbury is a member of the Dual County League. The varsity teams were a combined 295-98-9 in 2006–2007, earning the school the Dalton Trophy, awarded by The Boston Globe for the best overall won-loss record among Division I Massachusetts high schools. It was the first time the school had won the Dalton Trophy since moving to Division I, though it won
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#17328554228952134-688: A successful out-of-town run at the Stoneham Theatre, in Stoneham, Massachusetts. Perfect Harmony features the hit music of The Jackson 5 , Pat Benatar , Billy Idol , Marvin Gaye , Scandal , Tiffany , The Romantics , The Pretenders , The Temptations , The Contours , The Commodores , Tommy James & the Shondells and The Partridge Family , and has been compared to a cross between Altar Boyz and The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee . The fourth
2231-618: A time) with instrumental accompaniment, it is not surprising that Protestant reformers who opposed the instruments (such as Calvin and Zwingli) also opposed the polyphony. While Zwingli was destroying organs in Switzerland ;– Luther called him a fanatic – the Church of England was burning books of polyphony. Some Holiness Churches such as the Free Methodist Church opposed the use of musical instruments in church worship until
2328-517: A type of folk music , is an a cappella style of religious singing with shape notes , usually sung at singing conventions. Opponents of musical instruments in the Christian worship believe that such opposition is supported by the Christian scriptures and Church history. The scriptures typically referenced are Matthew 26:30; Acts 16:25; Romans 15:9; 1 Corinthians 14:15; Ephesians 5:19; Colossians 3:16; Hebrews 2:12, 13:15 and James 5:13, which show examples and exhortations for Christians to sing. There
2425-484: Is Ed Markey . Sudbury students in kindergarten through eighth grade attend Sudbury Public Schools , with high school students attending schools in the Lincoln-Sudbury Regional School District, which was established in 1954, integrating the former Sudbury High School with that of the nearby town of Lincoln . In June 2002, the towns of Lincoln and Sudbury began a $ 74 million project to build
2522-465: Is a membership option for former students, whose funds support hosted competitions and events. A cappella music was popularized between the late 2000s and the early to mid-2010s with media hits such as the 2009–2014 TV show The Sing-Off and the musical comedy film series Pitch Perfect . In July 1943 , as a result of the American Federation of Musicians boycott of US recording studios,
2619-543: Is known for performing material above high school level, including performances of musical-Shakespeare productions. Carly Evans directs the Drama productions performed by the LSB players. In the fall 2013 the LSB players performed Les Misérables . In the winter of 2013 the LSB players performed "The Big Eleven" and "Removing the Glove". In May "The 39 Steps" was performed, followed by "Collage",
2716-621: Is no reference to instrumental music in early church worship in the New Testament, or in the worship of churches for the first six centuries. Several reasons have been posited throughout church history for the absence of instrumental music in church worship. Christians who believe in a cappella music today believe that in the Israelite worship assembly during Temple worship only the Priests of Levi sang, played, and offered animal sacrifices, whereas in
2813-473: Is now Unitarian Universalist . On the federal level, Precincts 1A, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Sudbury are part of Massachusetts's 5th congressional district , represented by Katherine Clark . Precinct 1 is part of Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district , represented by Lori Trahan . The state's senior ( Class I ) member of the United States Senate is Elizabeth Warren . The junior ( Class II ) senator
2910-502: Is offered during both winter and spring. Club teams are also offered, such as ultimate frisbee and sailing . Before the 2017 season, Lincoln-Sudbury named both the boys and girls rugby clubs as varsity sports. In 2006, Lincoln-Sudbury Women's Rugby Football Club became the first established high school girls' rugby team in Massachusetts. On Thanksgiving morning, L-S plays Newton South High School . The boys' lacrosse team won
3007-478: Is thought to have originated from times as early as 2000 BC, while the earliest that has survived in its entirety is from the first century AD: a piece from Greece called the Seikilos epitaph . A cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot . Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from
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3104-577: The Barbershop Harmony Society (BHS). Today the BHS has about 22,000 members in approximately 800 chapters across the United States and Canada, and the barbershop style has spread around the world with organizations in many other countries. The Barbershop Harmony Society provides a highly organized competition structure for a cappella quartets and choruses singing in the barbershop style. In 1945,
3201-670: The Coptic Orthodox Church ), many Anabaptist communities (including Old Order Anabaptist groups —such as the Amish , Old German Baptist Brethren , Old Order Mennonites , as well as Conservative Anabaptist groups—such as the Dunkard Brethren Church and Conservative Mennonites ), some Presbyterian churches devoted to the regulative principle of worship , Old Regular Baptists , Primitive Baptists , Plymouth Brethren , Churches of Christ , Church of God (Guthrie, Oklahoma),
3298-585: The Eastern Catholic Churches , the music performed in the liturgies is exclusively sung without instrumental accompaniment. Bishop Kallistos Ware says, "The service is sung, even though there may be no choir... In the Orthodox Church today, as in the early Church, singing is unaccompanied and instrumental music is not found." This a cappella behavior arises from strict interpretation of Psalm 150, which states, Let every thing that hath breath praise
3395-834: The LGPL . The Lincoln-Sudbury Speech and Debate team was established in 2003. The team participates in the Massachusetts Forensic League division of the National Catholic Forensic League, as well as the National Forensic League. Sudbury, Massachusetts Sudbury is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts , United States. At the 2020 census , it had a population of 18,934. The town, located in Greater Boston 's MetroWest region, has
3492-534: The Mass Central Rail Trail—Wayside , to be completed in 2025. Residentially, Sudbury's 1-acre (4,000 m ) zoning bylaws helped the town maintain a more rural character through the 1970s and 1980s when developments of single-family Colonials and large Capes established it as an affluent location. Economic growth was restricted to the town's main thoroughfare, US Route 20 . Significant tracts of open space—including much wetland—were preserved in
3589-647: The Northwestern University School of Music , helped popularize a cappella music in the United States by founding the Northwestern A Cappella Choir in 1906. The A Cappella Choir was "the first permanent organization of its kind in America." An a cappella tradition was begun in 1911 by F. Melius Christiansen , a music faculty member at St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota . The St. Olaf College Choir
3686-657: The Reformed Free Methodists , Doukhobors , and the Byzantine Rite of Eastern Christianity. Certain high church services and other musical events in liturgical churches (such as the Roman Catholic Mass and the Lutheran Divine Service ) may be a cappella, a practice remaining from apostolic times. Many Mennonites also conduct some or all of their services without instruments. Sacred Harp ,
3783-563: The Renaissance . The madrigal , up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. The Psalms note that some early songs were accompanied by string instruments, though Jewish and Early Christian music was largely a cappella; the use of instruments has subsequently increased within both of these religions as well as in Islam. The polyphony of Christian (predominantly Catholic)
3880-470: The United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 24.6 square miles (64 km ), of which 24.4 square miles (63 km ) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km ), or 1.06%, is water. The highest point in Sudbury is on the north slope of Nobscot Hill , and the highest summit is Tippling Rock. In 1650, the town included Sudbury as well as most of Wayland and Maynard. As of
3977-776: The University of Maine Maine Steiners (1958), the Columbia University Kingsmen (1949), the Jabberwocks of Brown University (1949), and the University of Rochester YellowJackets (1956). All-women a cappella groups followed shortly, frequently as a parody of the men's groups: the Smiffenpoofs of Smith College (1936), the Night Owls of Vassar College (1942), The Shwiffs of Connecticut College (The She-Whiffenpoofs, 1944), and The Chattertocks of Brown University (1951). A cappella groups exploded in popularity beginning in
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4074-500: The Wayside Inn , claims to be the country's oldest operating inn, built and run by the Howe family for many generations. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote Tales of a Wayside Inn , a book of poems published in 1863. In the book, the poem The Landlord's Tale was the source of the immortal phrase "listen my children and you shall hear, of the midnight ride of Paul Revere." Henry Ford bought
4171-522: The census of 2000, there were 16,841 people, 5,504 households, and 4,749 families residing in the town. The population density was 691.1 inhabitants per square mile (266.8/km ). There were 5,590 housing units at an average density of 229.4 per square mile (88.6/km ). The racial makeup of the town was 94.23% White , 0.80% African American , 0.03% Native American , 3.72% Asian , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 0.23% from other races , and 0.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.24% of
4268-522: The 16th century, a cappella polyphony had further developed, but gradually, the cantata began to take the place of a cappella forms. Sixteenth-century a cappella polyphony, nonetheless, continued to influence church composers throughout this period and to the present day. Recent evidence has shown that some of the early pieces by Palestrina, such as those written for the Sistine Chapel, were intended to be accompanied by an organ "doubling" some or all of
4365-493: The 18th century, and were opposed vigorously in worship by a number of Protestant Reformers , including Martin Luther (1483–1546), Ulrich Zwingli , John Calvin (1509–1564) and John Wesley (1703–1791). Alexander Campbell referred to the use of an instrument in worship as "a cow bell in a concert". In Sir Walter Scott 's The Heart of Midlothian , the heroine, Jeanie Deans , a Scottish Presbyterian, writes to her father about
4462-600: The 1990s, fueled in part by a change in style popularized by the Tufts University Beelzebubs and the Boston University Dear Abbeys. The new style used voices to emulate modern rock instruments, including vocal percussion /" beatboxing ". Some larger universities now have multiple groups. Groups often join one another in on-campus concerts, such as the Georgetown Chimes' Cherry Tree Massacre,
4559-406: The 2004–2005 academic year and the old building was demolished. Among other features, the new facilities include four gymnasiums and a 750-seat auditorium. A $ 1.6 million project to install a completely refurbished sports stadium, including a multipurpose turf field, 6-lane running track, and bleachers, culminated in the fall of 2007. In the summer of 2016, a multi thousand budget was put in place and
4656-415: The 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2019 MIAA Division 1 state title. They finished the 2017 season with a #9 national ranking. Lincoln-Sudbury's music curriculum includes major and select instrumental ensembles, jazz ensembles, and choral ensembles. There are two large bands, a string orchestra, 2 big band jazz ensembles and 2 jazz combos for instrumental music, along a concert choir, chamber singing group and multiple
4753-408: The Christian scriptures never counter instrumental language with any negative judgment on instruments, opposition to instruments instead comes from an interpretation of history. There is no written opposition to musical instruments in any setting in the first century and a half of Christian churches (33–180 AD). The use of instruments for Christian worship during this period is also undocumented. Toward
4850-463: The Division II trophy eight times between 1975 and 2003. Fall sports include football , field hockey (Co-ed), girls' volleyball , soccer , cross country , and golf . Winter sports include basketball , skiing , wrestling , Boys and Girls ice hockey , swimming / diving , Spring sports include, Boys and Girls lacrosse , baseball , softball , tennis , and boys' volleyball . Track and field
4947-488: The Jewish chant may be found in the writings of the Jewish philosopher Philo , born 20 BC. Weaving together Jewish and Greek thought, Philo promoted praise without instruments, and taught that "silent singing" (without even vocal chords) was better still. This view parted with the Jewish scriptures, where Israel offered praise with instruments by God's own command The shofar is the only temple instrument still being used today in
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#17328554228955044-606: The Kinsey Sicks at New York's Studio 54 . That production received a nomination for a Lucille Lortel award as Best Musical and a Drama Desk nomination for Best Lyrics. It was directed by Glenn Casale with original music and lyrics by Ben Schatz. The a cappella musical Perfect Harmony , a comedy about two high school a cappella groups vying to win the national championship, made its Off Broadway debut at Theatre Row 's Acorn Theatre on 42nd Street in New York City in October 2010 after
5141-690: The L-S musical was How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (musical) . Followed in the winter by the first student-directed Winter One-Acts and a theatre-for-young audiences production in the spring. In April 2010, the department received an Excellence in Education Award for its programming, and outreach to the Lincoln Sudbury communities. Students take 12 quarters of Wellness credit, including six core quarter classes. In 1982, under
5238-746: The Lord. Praise ye the Lord. In keeping with this philosophy, early Russian musika which started appearing in the late 17th century, in what was known as khorovïye kontsertï (choral concertos) made a cappella adaptations of Venetian-styled pieces, such as the treatise, Grammatika musikiyskaya (1675), by Nikolai Diletsky . Divine Liturgies and Western Rite Masses composed by famous composers such as Peter Tchaikovsky , Sergei Rachmaninoff , Alexander Arkhangelsky , and Mykola Leontovych are fine examples of this. Present-day Christian religious bodies known for conducting their worship services without musical accompaniment include many Oriental Orthodox Churches (such as
5335-647: The RPI Glee Club), established in 1873 is perhaps the oldest known collegiate a cappella group. The longest continuously singing group is probably The Whiffenpoofs of Yale University , which was formed in 1909 and once included Cole Porter as a member. Collegiate a cappella groups grew throughout the 20th century. Some notable historical groups formed along the way include Colgate University 's The Colgate 13 (1942), Dartmouth College 's Aires (1946), Harvard University 's Krokodiloes (1946), Cornell University 's Cayuga's Waiters (1949) and The Hangovers (1968),
5432-488: The Sabbath out of concern that players would be tempted to repair (or tune) their instruments, which is forbidden on those days. (This prohibition has been relaxed in many Reform and some Conservative congregations.) Similarly, when Jewish families and larger groups sing traditional Sabbath songs known as zemirot outside the context of formal religious services, they usually do so a cappella, and Bar and Bat Mitzvah celebrations on
5529-490: The Sabbath sometimes feature entertainment by a cappella ensembles. During the Three Weeks musical instruments are prohibited. Many Jews consider a portion of the 49-day period of the counting of the omer between Passover and Shavuot to be a time of semi-mourning and instrumental music is not allowed during that time. This has led to a tradition of a cappella singing sometimes known as sefirah music. The popularization of
5626-464: The Sudbury River (present day Wayland). "East parish" (now First Parish of Wayland) moved its present site and "West parish" moved to the present site, called Rocky Plains (now Sudbury town center), upon Rev. Israel Loring first preaching there May 6, 1722. The historic meeting house was built in 1797, replacing the original 1723 structure. First Parish became Unitarian in the local schism of 1837 and
5723-565: The Taliban of music as un-Islamic. However, the de facto national anthem of Afghanistan is an a cappella nasheed , as musical instruments are virtually banned as corrupting and un-Islamic. The first a cappella group in Iran is the Damour Vocal Band , which was able to perform on national television despite a ban on women singing. The musical show Strepsils Stereo is credited for introducing
5820-632: The United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. Headquartered in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the organization encompasses more than 1,200 registered quartets and 600 choruses. In 1959, a second women's barbershop organization started as a break off from Sweet Adelines due to ideological differences. Based on democratic principles which continue to this day, Harmony, Inc. is smaller than its counterpart, but has an atmosphere of friendship and competition. With about 2,500 members in
5917-522: The United States and Canada, Harmony, Inc. uses the same rules in contest that the Barbershop Harmony Society uses. Harmony, Inc. is registered in Providence, Rhode Island. The popularity of a cappella among high schools and amateurs was revived by television shows and movies such as Glee and Pitch Perfect . High school groups may have conductors or student leaders who keep the tempo for
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#17328554228956014-522: The a cappella vocal group The Song Spinners had a best-seller with "Comin' In on a Wing and a Prayer". In the 1950s, several recording groups, notably The Hi-Los and the Four Freshmen , introduced complex jazz harmonies to a cappella performances. The King's Singers are credited with promoting interest in small-group a cappella performances in the 1960s. Frank Zappa loved doo wop and a cappella, so Zappa released The Persuasions ' first album from his label in 1970. Judy Collins recorded " Amazing Grace "
6111-430: The art of a cappella in Pakistan . Composer Dinesh Subasinghe became the first Sri Lankan to write a cappella pieces for SATB choirs. He wrote "The Princes of the Lost Tribe" and "Ancient Queen of Somawathee" for Menaka De Sahabandu and Bridget Helpe's choirs, respectively, based on historical incidents in ancient Sri Lanka. Voice Print is also a professional a cappella music group in Sri Lanka . The European
6208-446: The chorus in "Carmen" for the Boston Symphony conducted by Leonard Bernstein. In 2008, the chorus was invited to sing John Rutter's "Gloria" at Carnegie Hall. There are also various A cappella and student led groups. Accent is the school's only co-ed group and has recorded several albums. Other groups include the Acafellas, a tenor and bass a cappella group founded in 2009, Achoired Taste and Musigals, both of which are soprano and alto
6305-404: The church era, all Christians are commanded to sing praises to God. They believe that if God wanted instrumental music in New Testament worship, He would have commanded not just singing, but singing and playing like he did in the Hebrew scriptures. Instruments have divided Christendom since their introduction into worship. They were considered a Roman Catholic innovation, not widely practiced until
6402-419: The church situation she has found in England (bold added): Those who do not adhere to the regulative principle of interpreting Christian scripture, believe that limiting praise to the unaccompanied chant of the early church is not commanded in scripture, and that churches in any age are free to offer their songs with or without musical instruments. Those who subscribe to this interpretation believe that since
6499-433: The country. A cappella has gained attention in the UK in recent years, with many groups forming at British universities by students seeking an alternative singing pursuit to traditional choral and chapel singing. This movement has been bolstered by organisations such as The Voice Festival UK . It is not clear exactly where collegiate a cappella began. The Rensselyrics of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (formerly known as
6596-415: The end of the 2nd century, Christians began condemning the instruments themselves. Those who oppose instruments today believe these Church Fathers had a better understanding of God's desire for the church, but there are significant differences between the teachings of these Church Fathers and Christian opposition to instruments today. Since "a cappella" singing brought a new polyphony (more than one note at
6693-404: The fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists, led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, rarely, as a synonym for alla breve . A cappella could be as old as humanity itself; research suggests that singing and vocables may have been what early humans used to communicate before the invention of language. The earliest piece of sheet music
6790-515: The first a cappella musical on Broadway. Barbershop music is one of several uniquely American art forms. The earliest reports of this style of a cappella music involved African Americans. The earliest documented quartets all began in barber shops. In 1938, the first formal men's barbershop organization was formed, known as the Society for the Preservation and Encouragement of Barber Shop Quartet Singing in America (S.P.E.B.S.Q.S.A), and in 2004 rebranded itself and officially changed its public name to
6887-432: The first formal women's barbershop organization, Sweet Adelines, was formed. In 1953, Sweet Adelines became an international organization, although it did not change its name to Sweet Adelines International until 1991. The membership of nearly 25,000 women, all singing in English, includes choruses in most of the fifty United States as well as in Australia, Canada, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden,
6984-613: The group, or beatboxers/vocal percussionists. Since 2013, summer training programs have appeared, such as A Cappella Academy in Los Angeles, California (founded by Ben Bram, Rob Dietz, and Avi Kaplan ) and Camp A Cappella in Dayton, Ohio (founded by Deke Sharon and Brody McDonald). These programs teach about different aspects of a cappella music, including vocal performance, arranging, and beatboxing/vocal percussion. The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan has no official anthem because of views by
7081-487: The guidance of computer education teacher Brian Harvey , students at the school created the computer game Hack , based on their desire to re-create their experience playing the similar game, Rogue. Because the students decided to make the source code to their game publicly and freely available, this became something of a seminal moment in the history of both roguelike games and the open source software movement. Other developers, interested in building on and improving Hack, used
7178-704: The inn in 1923, restored it and donated it to a charitable foundation which continues to run it as an operating inn to this day. Ford also built a boys' school on the property, as well as a grist mill, and the Martha-Mary Chapel. He brought in the Redstone Schoolhouse from Sterling , which was reputed to be the school in Sarah Josepha Hale 's nursery rhyme Mary Had a Little Lamb . However, Giuseppi Cavicchio's refusal to sell his water rights scuttled Henry Ford 's plans to build an auto parts factory at
7275-540: The latter three, which dealt with the passion from three different viewpoints, those of Matthew , Luke and John , were all done a cappella style. This was a near requirement for this type of piece, and the parts of the crowd were sung while the solo parts which were the quoted parts from either Christ or the authors were performed in a plainchant . In the Byzantine Rite of the Eastern Orthodox Church and
7372-475: The mid-20th century. The Free Methodist Church allowed for local church decision on the use of either an organ or piano in the 1943 Conference before lifting the ban entirely in 1955. The Reformed Free Methodist Church and Evangelical Wesleyan Church were formed as a result of a schism with the Free Methodist Church, with the former retaining a cappella worship and the latter retaining the rule limiting
7469-421: The most militia during King Philip's War and was the site of the well-known attack on Sudbury . Ephraim Curtis was a successful leader of the militia of West Sudbury and would lend his name to the town's junior high school. Sudbury militiamen participated in the battles of Lexington and Concord in 1775, where they sniped at British Army troops returning to Boston . One of Sudbury's historic landmarks,
7566-636: The name Smooth McGroove rose to prominence with his style of a cappella music. He is best known for his a cappella covers of video game music tracks on YouTube . in 2015, an a cappella version of Jerusalem by multi-instrumentalist Jacob Collier was selected for Beats by Dre "The Game Starts Here" for the England Rugby World Cup campaign. A cappella has been used as the sole orchestration for original works of musical theatre that have had commercial runs Off-Broadway (theatres in New York City with 99 to 500 seats) only four times. The first
7663-747: The northern half of town and along the Hop Brook corridor flowing from the Wayside Inn Historic District in the southwest part of town through the King Philip Historic District (the site of a conflict in King Philip's War ) and into the Sudbury River at the southeast border with Wayland. A significant portion of the Assabet River National Wildlife Refuge (opened in 2005) is located in Sudbury. According to
7760-603: The number of instruments in the church to the piano and organ. While worship in the Temple in Jerusalem included musical instruments, traditional Jewish religious services in the Synagogue, both before and after the last destruction of the Temple, did not include musical instruments given the practice of scriptural cantillation . The use of musical instruments is traditionally forbidden on
7857-435: The period after World War II, Sudbury experienced rapid growth in population and industry. Defense contractor Raytheon was a significant employer, operating a large research facility in Sudbury from 1958 until 2016. Another major employer in that period was Sperry Rand . In the 1970s, the town was home to many of the engineers working in the minicomputer revolution at Digital Equipment Corporation in nearby Maynard. Sudbury
7954-426: The population. An update in the town's census recorded the population at 18,192 as of October 6, 2015. There were 5,504 households, out of which 51.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 78.5% were married couples living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.7% were non-families. 11.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.5% had someone living alone who
8051-498: The public so that fans can remix them. One such example is the a cappella release of Jay-Z 's Black Album , which Danger Mouse mixed with the Beatles ' White Album to create The Grey Album . On their 1966 album titled Album , Peter, Paul and Mary included the song "Norman Normal". All the sounds on that song, both vocals and instruments, were created by Paul's voice, with no actual instruments used. In 2013, an artist by
8148-643: The river at an area known as Rocky Plains (presently the Town Center). It served as a place for both worship and Town Meetings. The church and town separated in 1836 and a new Town House was built in 1846. Since then, the Sudbury Center Historic District has changed little, with the exception of the Town Hall, built in 1932 to replace the Town House, which burnt down in 1930. Sudbury also contributed
8245-618: The site of Charles O. Parmenter's mill in South Sudbury. In August 1925, a Sudbury farm was the scene of a riot between local members of the Ku Klux Klan and Irish-American youths from the area. Five people were wounded by gunshots, and the State Police arrested over 100 Klansmen. Massachusetts officials cracked down on the group's meetings thereafter, and the Klan died out in the area. In
8342-519: The source code created by the Lincoln-Sudbury students to develop what became NetHack , a highly complex and somewhat popular game that is still played and developed today. Furthermore, because the source code contained a note saying, effectively, that others were free to modify it so long as any derivative code was similarly free and open, it introduced many people to the idea of a "public license", which has since evolved into such modern derivatives as
8439-505: The style of the chapel ' ), less commonly spelled a capella in English, is music performed by a singer or a singing group without instrumental accompaniment . The term a cappella was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato musical styles. In the 19th century, a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony, coupled with an ignorance of
8536-544: The synagogue, and it is only used from Rosh Chodesh Elul through the end of Yom Kippur . The shofar is used by itself, without any vocal accompaniment, and is limited to a very strictly defined set of sounds and specific places in the synagogue service. However, silver trumpets , as described in Numbers 10:1-18, have been made in recent years and used in prayer services at the Western Wall . Peter Christian Lutkin, dean of
8633-461: The track and the fields were refurbished. The school has received high ratings in the U.S. News & World Report listings of the best public high schools in America, in 2019 ranking #1,554 out of 17,000 nationally and #70 in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. L-S has a graduation rate of 99%, compared to 96.2% across the state. Some controversial events have occurred over the years, including
8730-516: The voices. Such is seen in the life of Palestrina becoming a major influence on Bach , most notably in the Mass in B Minor . Other composers that utilized the a cappella style, if only for the occasional piece, were Claudio Monteverdi and his masterpiece, Lagrime d'amante al sepolcro dell'amata (A lover's tears at his beloved's grave), which was composed in 1610, and Andrea Gabrieli when upon his death many choral pieces were discovered, one of which
8827-547: The world (see list of laureates in the Misplaced Pages article on the EGP competition). The reasons for the strong Swedish dominance are as explained by Richard Sparks manifold; suffice to say here that there is a long-standing tradition, an unusually large proportion of the populations (5% is often cited) regularly sing in choirs, the Swedish choral director Eric Ericson had an enormous impact on
8924-425: Was Avenue X which opened on 28 January 1994, and ran for 77 performances. It was produced by Playwrights Horizons with book by John Jiler, music and lyrics by Ray Leslee. The musical style of the show's score was primarily doo-wop as the plot revolved around doo-wop group singers of the 1960s. In 2001, The Kinsey Sicks , produced and starred in the critically acclaimed off-Broadway hit, DRAGAPELLA! Starring
9021-448: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.02 and the average family size was 3.28. In the town, the population was spread out, with 32.5% under the age of 18, 3.2% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 27.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.3 males. The median income for
9118-400: Was also one of the largest carnation-growing towns, with many greenhouse operations. From 1960–1969, Sudbury challenged and prevailed against a proposal by Boston Edison Company that would have installed overhead transmission lines through what is now Great Meadows National Wildlife Refuge . Ultimately, the line was instead buried under streets to Maynard. From 2017–2023, Sudbury challenged
9215-808: Was established as an outgrowth of the local St. John's Lutheran Church , where Christiansen was organist and the choir was composed, at least partially, of students from the nearby St. Olaf campus. The success of the ensemble was emulated by other regional conductors, and a tradition of a cappella choral music was born in the region at colleges like Concordia College (Moorhead, Minnesota), Augustana College (Rock Island, Illinois), Waldorf University (Forest City, Iowa), Luther College (Decorah, Iowa), Gustavus Adolphus College (St. Peter, Minnesota), Augustana College (Sioux Falls, South Dakota), and Augsburg University (Minneapolis, Minnesota). The choirs typically range from 40 to 80 singers and are recognized for their efforts to perfect blend, intonation, phrasing and pitch in
9312-413: Was established in 1954, integrating the former Sudbury High School with students from the nearby town of Lincoln, Massachusetts . Lincoln did not have its own high school previously, electing to send its students to neighboring towns' schools. In June 2002, the district began a $ 74 million project to replace the aging facilities with new construction on the same campus. The new school was completed before
9409-525: Was in the unaccompanied style. Learning from the preceding two composers, Heinrich Schütz utilized the a cappella style in numerous pieces, chief among these were the pieces in the oratorio style, which were traditionally performed during the Easter week and dealt with the religious subject matter of that week, such as Christ's suffering and the Passion . Five of Schutz's Historien were Easter pieces, and of these
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