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39-486: The river serves as natural border between the provinces of Río Negro and Neuquén . Its deep waters are clear, and carry a large flow, 700 cubic metres per second (25,000 cu ft/s) on average. Its drainage basin has an area of 61,723 square kilometres (23,831 sq mi) and includes almost all the rivers and streams of the Atlantic basin in the region, as well as an extensive network of lakes. The waters of

78-561: A congress ; in eight provinces, the legislature is bicameral , comprising an upper chamber (the Senate) and a lower chamber (the House of Deputies), while in the remaining fifteen provinces and in Buenos Aires City, it is unicameral . In case of sedition, insurrection, territorial invasion, or any other emerging threats against the laws of the nation on any province or the federal capital,

117-501: A federal system . During the War of Independence the main cities and their surrounding countryside became provinces though the intervention of their cabildos . The Anarchy of the Year XX completed this process, shaping the original thirteen provinces. Jujuy seceded from Salta in 1834, and the thirteen provinces became fourteen. After seceding for a decade, Buenos Aires Province accepted

156-476: A consequence is that a low pressure system forms over the province during summer. Humidity in the province is high due to its climate, particularly in the north, the wettest portion of the province. Most of the winds that transport humid air come from the north and east. Winters are the most humid seasons (high humidity) due to this season being characterized by frequent fogs. The area was originally inhabited by various hunter-gatherers speaking languages from

195-560: A frontier dispute with Chile in 1900 created the National Territory of Los Andes ; its lands were incorporated into Jujuy, Salta and Catamarca in 1943. La Pampa and Chaco became provinces in 1951. Misiones did so in 1953, and Formosa , Neuquén , Río Negro , Chubut and Santa Cruz , in 1955. The last national territory, Tierra del Fuego, became the Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur Province in 1990. Argentina

234-570: A more humid one in the east and a drier subtropical climate in the center and west. The eastern parts of the province have a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa under the Köppen climate classification ) with no dry season. In the west where precipitation is lower, it has a subtropical climate with a dry winter and is classified as a semi-arid climate ( BS under the Köppen climate classification) due to potential evapotranspiration exceeding precipitation. In

273-461: A productive farming region known for its dairy and beef production. In 1951 the territory became a province, and its name was changed to Provincia Presidente Perón. The province was renamed again in 1955 when the government of President Juan Perón was overthrown, returning to the historical name of Chaco. Chaco voters, however, continued to support Peronist candidates in subsequent elections, notably Deolindo Bittel whose three terms as governor in

312-757: A single family (i.e. the Saadi family in Catamarca, or the Sapag family in Neuquén); in one case, it is still the same situation as of 2009: the province of San Luis was ruled almost without a break by the Rodríguez Saá family since December 1983. Article 61 of the Constitution of the city of Buenos Aires states that " Suffrage is free, equal, secret, universal, compulsory and not accumulative. The foreign residents enjoy this right, with

351-467: Is Resistencia . It is located in the north-east of the country. It is bordered by Salta and Santiago del Estero to the west, Formosa to the north, Corrientes to the east, and Santa Fe to the south. It also has an international border with the Paraguayan Department of Ñeembucú . With an area of 99,633 km (38,469 sq mi), and a population of 1,142,963 as of 2022, it

390-439: Is a federation of twenty-three provinces and one autonomous city , Buenos Aires . Provinces are divided for administration purposes into departments and municipalities , except for Buenos Aires Province , which is divided into partidos and localidades . Buenos Aires City itself is divided into communes ( comuna ) and non-official neighbourhoods ( barrios ). Provinces hold all the power that they chose not to delegate to

429-476: Is also cultivated in the south, as well as rice and tobacco to a lesser degree. Cattle breeds consisting of crosses with zebu are regarded as better adapted to the high temperatures, grass shortage and occasional flooding than intensively reared pure-breeds. Industrial contributes approximately 10% to the provincial economy and includes textiles produced from local cotton, oil and coal production, and sugar, alcohol and paper, all derived from sugar cane. Chaco

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468-465: Is home to the Chaco National Park , but tourism is not a well-developed industry in the province. The province's main airport, Resistencia International Airport , serves around 100,000 passengers annually. The provincial government is divided into the usual three branches: the executive, headed by a popularly elected governor, who appoint the cabinet; the legislative; and the judiciary, headed by

507-594: Is the twelfth most extensive, and the eleventh most populated, of the twenty-three Argentine provinces. In 2010, Chaco became the second province in Argentina to adopt more than one official language. These languages are the Kom , Moqoit and Wichí languages, spoken by the Toba , Mocovi and Wichí peoples respectively. Chaco has historically been among Argentina's poorest regions, and currently ranks last both by per capita GDP and on

546-755: The Human Development Index . Chaco derives from chaku , the Quechua word used to name a hunting territory or the hunting technique used by the people of the Inca Empire . Annually, large groups of up to thirty thousand hunters would enter the territory, forming columns and circling their prey. Jesuit missioner Pedro Lozano wrote in his book Chorographic Description of the Great Chaco Gualamba , published in Cordoba , Spain in 1733: "Its etymology indicates

585-583: The Mataco-Guaicru family. Native tribes including the Toba , and Wichí survive in the region and have important communities in this province as well as in Formosa Province . In 1576, the governor of a province in Northern Argentina commissioned the military to search for a huge mass of iron, which he had heard that natives used for their weapons. The natives called the area Heavenly Fields, which

624-485: The federal government ; they must be representative commonwealths and must not contradict the Constitution . Beyond this, they are fully autonomous: they enact their own constitutions, freely organize their local governments, and own and manage their natural and financial resources. Thus, each province has its own set of provincial laws and justice system, a supreme court, a governor , an autonomous police force , and

663-438: The 1853 Constitution of Argentina in 1861, and its capital city was made a federal territory in 1880. A law from 1862 designated as national territories those territories under federal control but outside the frontiers of the provinces. In 1884 they served as bases for the establishment of the governorates of Misiones, Formosa, Chaco, La Pampa, Neuquén, Río Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego. The agreement about

702-417: The 1960s and 1970s were each cut short by military intervention. Bitell subsequently ran for vice-president in the 1983 Argentine Presidential elections and later served as mayor of the provincial capital, Resistencia . With few paved highways, and thus an overdependence on passenger rail services, Chaco was adversely impacted by the national rail privatizations and line closures of the early 1990s. In 1997,

741-559: The Congress has the authority to declare a federal intervention on the compromised district, even in the absence of a formal request by the affected part. When Congress is in recess and thus unable to intervene, the President is entitled to decree such intervention, but this executive order is subject to Congressional override upon the Houses' immediate reassembly. Once the intervention is declared

780-563: The East side of Nahuel Huapi lake. Lost in a typical steppe landscape with gin clear waters, big and deep pools, fast and strong currents and enormous fish, of course. Plentiful rainbow trout and brown trout , from 6 to 28 inches (and larger), live in the river. Various islands in the floodplains of the lower course of the river have been urbanized. The origin of the word comes from the Mapuche indians and it means, crystalline, that you could see to

819-579: The Limay are used to generate hydroelectricity at the five dams built on its course: Alicurá , Piedra del Águila , Pichi Picún Leufú , El Chocón , and Arroyito ; together with the Cerros Colorados Complex on the Neuquén River they constitute more than one quarter of Argentina's total hydroelectric power generation. The construction of the successive dams and reservoirs has reduced the length of

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858-507: The bottom. Provinces of Argentina Argentina is divided into twenty-three federated states called provinces ( Spanish : provincias , singular provincia ) and one called the autonomous city ( ciudad autónoma ) of Buenos Aires , which is the federal capital of the republic (Spanish: Capital Federal ) as decided by the Argentine Congress . The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions and exist under

897-465: The compromised district's government is immediately dissolved—in whole or in part depending on Congressional decision—and the President appoints a representative or intervenor, who will serve for a short time until the emergency is solved. Since 1983 four provinces were intervened, namely Catamarca, Corrientes (twice), Santiago del Estero (twice), and Tucumán. During the 20th century, some provinces have had governments that were traditionally controlled by

936-529: The correlative obligations, on equal terms with Argentine citizens registered in this district, in the terms established by the law ." Chaco Province Chaco ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtʃako] ; Wichi : To-kós-wet ), officially the Province of Chaco ( Spanish : provincia del Chaco [pɾoˈβinsja ðel ˈtʃako] ), is one of the 23 provinces in Argentina . Its capital and largest city,

975-423: The eastern parts of the province. The western parts experience more variation in temperatures due continental influences; extreme temperatures in summer are more extreme with temperatures that frequently exceed 40 °C (104 °F). During winters, incursions of cold, polar air from the south can lead to frosts and temperatures that fall below freezing. Being under an area of high solar radiation during summer,

1014-495: The most humid (eastern) parts of the province, precipitation falls throughout the year with no dry season. These areas receive around 1,400 millimetres (55 in) of precipitation per year. Precipitation decreases westwards and become more concentrated in the summer months. Mean annual temperatures range between 21 and 23 °C (70 and 73 °F), which decreases from north to south. Summers are hot with temperatures that can reach up to 38 to 41 °C (100 to 106 °F) in

1053-581: The multitude of nations that inhabit that region. When they go hunting, the Indians gather from many parts the vicuñas and guanacos ; that crowd is called chacu in the Quechua language, which is common in Peru, and that Spaniards have corrupted into Chaco ". However, the earliest known mention of the term in a document was in a letter written to Fernando Torres de Portugal y Mesía , Viceroy of Peru , dated in 1589, by

1092-496: The province's vigorous recovery from the 2002 crisis. Chaco Province continues to suffer from the worst social indicators in the country with 49.3% of its population living below the poverty line by income and with 17.5% of children between the ages of two and five in a state of malnutrition in 2009. Among Argentine provinces, it ranks last by GDP per capita and 21st by Human Development Index , only above its neighbors Formosa and Santiago del Estero. In 2010, Chaco became

1131-549: The river, which originally measured about 450 kilometres (280 mi). In the 1980s the only heavy water plant in South America was constructed next to the river at the town of Arroyito . The river is also used for fly fishing ; in some locations its banks are suitable as beach resorts , with facilities for camping . It is the most popular river in Nahuel Huapi National Park for fly fishing. It originates in

1170-484: The second province in Argentina to declare indigenous languages official within the province, after Corrientes . Three local languages gained official status in Chaco besides Spanish: Kom , Moqoit , and Wichí . According to the 2022 Argentine national census, the province of Chaco has 1,142,963 inhabitants. Chaco's economy, like most in the region, is relatively underdeveloped, yet has recovered vigorously since 2002. It

1209-470: The services that had been previously run by the state-owned company Ferrocarriles Argentinos since railway nationalization in 1948, were taken over by the Servicios Ferroviarios del Chaco S.A. (SEFECHA) (Chaco Railway Services), making SEFECHA , at the time, the only publicly owned commuter rail service in Argentina. SEFECHA currently carries nearly a million passengers a year and has contributed to

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1248-449: The south, the border follows the 28th parallel south , separating the region from Santa Fe Province , while in the west it borders Salta and Santiago del Estero . Other important rivers include: the Negro , Tapenagá , Palometa , and Salado , all tributaries or anabranches of the river Paraná . The province has a subtropical climate . It is divided in two different climate zones:

1287-502: The then Governor of Tucumán , Juan Ramírez de Velasco , who referred to the region as Chaco Gualamba . (The term Gualamba is of uncertain origin and has since fallen into disuse. ) The province of Chaco lies within the southern part of the Gran Chaco region, a vast lowland plain that covers territories in Argentina , Paraguay , and Bolivia . Chaco Province covers an area of 99,633 km (38,469 sq mi) and ranks as

1326-490: The twelfth largest Argentinian province. The highest ground in the province is also the most western, near the municipality of Taco Pozo , at an elevation of 272 m (892 ft) above sea level. The Paraná and Paraguay rivers separate Chaco province from Corrientes Province and the Republic of Paraguay . To the north, the river Bermejo forms another natural border, dividing Chaco Province from Formosa Province . In

1365-462: Was abandoned fifteen years later. The Gran Chaco region remained largely unexplored, and uninhabited, by either Europeans or Argentines until the late 19th century, after numerous confrontations between Argentina and Paraguay during the War of the Triple Alliance . San Fernando was re-established as a military outpost, and was renamed Resistencia in 1876. The Territorio Nacional del Gran Chaco

1404-486: Was established in 1872. This territory, which included the current Formosa Province and lands presently inside Paraguay, was superseded by Territorio Nacional del Chaco upon its administrative division, in 1884. Between the end of the nineteenth and the first decades of the twentieth centuries, the province received a variety of immigrants, among them Volga Germans and Mennonites from Russia , Germany , and Canada . They, alongside other immigrants, transformed Chaco into

1443-644: Was estimated to be US$ 4.397 billion in 2006, or US$ 4,467 per capita (half the national average and the third-lowest in Argentina). Chaco's economy is diversified, but its agricultural sector has suffered from recurrent droughts over the past decade. Agricultural development in Chaco is predominantly associated with the commercial growing of quebracho wood and cotton . Chaco currently produces 60% of Argentina's national cotton production. Agricultural food production accounts for 17% of Argentina's output. This includes crops such as soy , sorghum , and maize . Sugarcane

1482-484: Was founded by Spanish conquistador Alonso de Vera y Aragón, in 1585, and was called Concepción de Nuestra Señora . It was abandoned in 1632. During its existence, it was one of the most important cities in the region, but attacks from local Indians forced the residents to leave. In the 17th century, the San Fernando del Río Negro Jesuit mission was founded in the area of the modern-day city of Resistencia , but it

1521-416: Was translated into Spanish as Campo del Cielo . This area is now a protected region situated on the border between the provinces of Chaco and Santiago del Estero where a group of iron meteorites fell in a Holocene impact event some four to five thousand years ago. In 2015, Police arrested four alleged smugglers trying to steal over a ton of legally protected meteoric iron. The first European settlement

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