48-466: The SRT Light Red Line , or Nakhon Withi Line ( Thai : รถไฟชานเมือง สายนครวิถี ) is a 15 km (9.3 mi) between Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal and Taling Chan and is part of the SRT Red Lines suburban railway system serving the greater Bangkok Metropolitan Region . An initial segment from Taling Chan to Bang Son previously opened for limited, free trial service between 5 December 2012 and 13 January 2014 with only 12 services
96-612: A dominant language in all aspects of society in Thailand, Thai initially saw gradual and later widespread adoption as a second language among the country's minority ethnic groups from the mid-late Ayutthaya period onward. Ethnic minorities today are predominantly bilingual, speaking Thai alongside their native language or dialect. Standard Thai is classified as one of the Chiang Saen languages—others being Northern Thai , Southern Thai and numerous smaller languages, which together with
144-475: A 30 day integrated Transit Pass which can be used for 50 trips and for travel on all BMTA buses. SRT long distance trains on the Southern Line terminating at Krung Thep Aphiwat share the same tracks. On the first full day of free trial operations on 3 August 2021 total passengers numbered 302, on 4 August this increased to 331 passengers. By the end of September, this had increased to around 500-550 passengers
192-447: A December 2022 date. In late October 2022, the SRT again delayed the tender time frame to February 2023 with an aim to sign contracts by May 2023 but the time frame was contingent on new Cabinet approval of an updated budget for the extension. At the same time, the SRT decided to defer the bidding for the 50 year operation concession and new EMUs to December 2024. Once the concession is contracted
240-427: A day until all services were fully suspended due to the lack of rolling stock. After a much-delayed completion of the electrification of the line and the construction of Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal , the line finally opened for trial operations on 2 August 2021. Full commercial services commenced on 29 November 2021. A much delayed 15 km (9.3 mi) western extension of the line from Taling Chan to Salaya
288-507: A day. For the first 10 months of operations to September 2022 both Red lines carried over 3.2 million passengers and services ran on time 99.45% of the time according to the SRT. However, a small percentage of this were passengers on the Light Red line. By the end of September 2022 the line averaged only 23,000 passenegers a month. In November 2022, the SRT introduced regular DMU services from Thonburi via Taling Chan to Nakhon Pathom to connect with
336-506: A few hundred passengers a day rode the service. On 14 September 2013, weekend services were cancelled. Effective 13 January 2014, all services were suspended until electrification works could be completed and rolling stock procured which was expected to be by the end of 2018. The reopening of the SRT Light Red line was contingent upon the completion of the new Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal , delivery of rolling stock and installation of
384-533: A four-way distinction among stops and affricates . The maximal four-way occurred in labials ( /p pʰ b ʔb/ ) and denti-alveolars ( /t tʰ d ʔd/ ); the three-way distinction among velars ( /k kʰ ɡ/ ) and palatals ( /tɕ tɕʰ dʑ/ ), with the glottalized member of each set apparently missing. The major change between old and modern Thai was due to voicing distinction losses and the concomitant tone split . This may have happened between about 1300 and 1600 CE, possibly occurring at different times in different parts of
432-602: A narrow right of way given the current ARL viaduct and ARL stations. Thai language Thai , or Central Thai (historically Siamese ; Thai: ภาษาไทย ), is a Tai language of the Kra–Dai language family spoken by the Central Thai , Mon , Lao Wiang , Phuan people in Central Thailand and the vast majority of Thai Chinese enclaves throughout the country. It is the sole official language of Thailand . Thai
480-525: A syllable that formerly began with a voiceless consonant (including glottalized stops). An additional complication is that formerly voiceless unaspirated stops/affricates (original /p t k tɕ ʔb ʔd/ ) also caused original tone 1 to lower, but had no such effect on original tones 2 or 3. The above consonant mergers and tone splits account for the complex relationship between spelling and sound in modern Thai. Modern "low"-class consonants were voiced in Old Thai, and
528-469: A tender could be issued in the first quarter of 2024. Construction segments based on M-Map : The SRT Light Red Line is planned to be extended by 14.8 km (9.2 mi) west to Salaya. 4 stations are planned be built along the existing SRT corridor; The western extension from Taling Chan to Salaya was originally planned to be tendered by September 2018 after receiving Thai Cabinet approval in July 2016. This
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#1732854891861576-585: A tender could be issued in the first quarter of 2024. When fully completed, the line will run east–west from Salaya, Thailand in Phutthamonthon District of Nakhon Pathom Province to Hua Mak railway station in Bangkok . The 15 km (9.3 mi) section runs from Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal (the new Intercity Terminal in Chatuchak District ) to Bang Son where it interchanges with
624-713: Is a railway station located in Bang Sue subdistrict, Bang Sue district , Bangkok . It is located 12.907 km (8.0 mi) from Bangkok Railway Station . Passengers can transfer to the Bang Son MRT station . Bang Son station serves two systems operated by the State Railway of Thailand , the Southern Line at the at-grade railway halt and the Bang Son–Taling Chan SRT Light Red Line at the elevated station. This Thai railway station-related article
672-500: Is based on the register of the educated classes by Central Thai and ethnic minorities in the area along the ring surrounding the Metropolis . In addition to Central Thai, Thailand is home to other related Tai languages . Although most linguists classify these dialects as related but distinct languages, native speakers often identify them as regional variants or dialects of the "same" Thai language, or as "different kinds of Thai". As
720-553: Is based on the dialect of the central Thai people, and it is written in the Thai script . Hlai languages Kam-Sui languages Kra languages Be language Northern Tai languages Central Tai languages Khamti language Tai Lue language Shan language others Northern Thai language Thai language Southern Thai language Tai Yo language Phuthai language Lao language (PDR Lao, Isan language ) Thai has undergone various historical sound changes. Some of
768-479: Is the language of television, education, news reporting, and all forms of media. A recent research found that the speakers of the Northern Thai language (also known as Phasa Mueang or Kham Mueang) have become so few, as most people in northern Thailand now invariably speak Standard Thai, so that they are now using mostly Central Thai words and only seasoning their speech with the "Kham Mueang" accent. Standard Thai
816-427: Is the most spoken of over 60 languages of Thailand by both number of native and overall speakers. Over half of its vocabulary is derived from or borrowed from Pali , Sanskrit , Mon and Old Khmer . It is a tonal and analytic language . Thai has a complex orthography and system of relational markers . Spoken Thai, depending on standard sociolinguistic factors such as age, gender, class, spatial proximity, and
864-674: The MRT Purple Line . It then continues west and crosses the Chao Phraya River to the Thonburi side of Bangkok before continuing farther west to Taling Chan where it terminates. Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal Intercity Terminal provides interchange with the SRT Dark Red Line and MRT Blue Line . The line will be extended 14.8 km (9.2 mi) west to Sala Ya in Phutthamonthon District of Nakhon Pathom Province . Finally,
912-493: The 15 km Salaya western extension tender. The SRT operates existing intercity services from Thonburi station to Kanchanaburi. This line is planned to be converted to a spur line of the existing Light Red line, from Taling Chan to Thonburi/Siriraj. In August 2012, the SRT proposed that 3 stations be built for this 5.7 km route: The eastern extension will be 18.8 km (11.7 mi) long with stations at Ratchawithi , Phaya Thai , Makkasan , and Hua Mak . It will have
960-599: The 2nd half of 2019. However, the tender was further delayed until 2021 as the Transport Minister has requested the new Department of Railways to investigate conducting PPP tenders for this extension. The decision to change the extensions to PPP projects and tender out the operation of the line with a 50 year concession was opposed by the SRT and SRT union. On 10 February 2021, the Department of Railways announced that in April 2021
1008-528: The 6 car sets and 6 of the 4 car sets - of the ordered 25 sets of rolling stock had been delivered with a further 2 sets due to be delivered by August 2020. By the end of September 2020, 21 sets had been delivered - 13 of the 6 car sets and 8 of the 4 car sets - with the final 4 sets to be delivered in October. As of 2024, services operate from 5am to 12am with headways of 20 minutes. Distance-based fares range from 12 to 20 baht (previously 42 baht). The SRT also offers
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#17328548918611056-454: The Dark Red line would be delivered by 2020. The contract specified 25 EMUs consisting of ten 4 car sets and fifteen 6 car sets for 130 cars in total. In late September 2019, the first 2 sets of rolling stock were shipped from Japan and both arrived in Thailand at Laem Chabang port on 12 October 2019 for shipment to Bangkok. By March 2020, 5 sets had been delivered. As of July 2020, 13 sets - 7 of
1104-547: The Khmer system first before the Thai borrowed. Old Thai had a three-way tone distinction on "live syllables" (those not ending in a stop), with no possible distinction on "dead syllables" (those ending in a stop, i.e. either /p/, /t/, /k/ or the glottal stop that automatically closes syllables otherwise ending in a short vowel). There was a two-way voiced vs. voiceless distinction among all fricative and sonorant consonants, and up to
1152-551: The Light Red line. Afterwards, daily passengers numbers rose significantly from an average of 300 a day to between 1400-1500 passengers a day in January 2023. In July 2016, the cabinet approved the construction of the Bang Sue–Phaya Thai–Makkasan–Hua Mak segment. However, the 15 km (9.3 mi), 4 station western extension Taling Chan to Salaya was due to be tendered first by September 2018 and then slated for
1200-609: The Northwestern Tai and Lao-Phutai languages, form the Southwestern branch of Tai languages . The Tai languages are a branch of the Kra–Dai language family , which encompasses a large number of indigenous languages spoken in an arc from Hainan and Guangxi south through Laos and Northern Vietnam to the Cambodian border. Standard Thai is the principal language of education and government and spoken throughout Thailand. The standard
1248-545: The SRT on 29 September 2009. The contract was signed on 15 December 2008, with the contract awarded to the Unique-Chun Wo consortium. Construction started in early 2010 after some site access delays related to slum dwellers who had been residing various sections of SRT land for many years. Works progressed well but were thereafter delayed for a few months due to the late 2011 floods in Bangkok with floodwaters inundated on parts of
1296-474: The SRT postponed the service and the free trial operations commenced on 2 August 2021 with full commercial operations due to start on 28 November 2021. The 3rd contract for the SRT Dark Red Line was for the electrical and mechanical (E&M) systems and procuring EMU rolling stock for both the SRT Light Red and SRT Dark Red lines with an overhead catenary electrical system at 25 kV 50 Hz AC . In April 2014, only 2 bidders remained but one of
1344-477: The SRT would issue the tenders for the west extensions to Salaya and from Taling Chan to Siriraj. However, the PPP tender process was subject to further review. In October 2021, the SRT announced that the PPP tenders would not be released until June 2022 with the aim to sign contracts for the extensions (with 50 year leases) in July 2023. However, this was delayed yet again to an initial October 2022 tender release and later
1392-511: The SRTET will cease to operate the line. With the 14 May 2023 national elections and the expected time frame in the formation of a new government, it is unlikely that the tenders will be issued until late 2023. In late June, a MOT source expressed that the extension is likely be submitted to Cabinet in October 2023 for approval of a new budget of 10.67 billion baht to build the Salaya extension. If approved,
1440-557: The Thai Cabinet passed a resolution to approve the framework of the new network with the SRT Light Red line being DMU operations while the SRT Dark Red Light would be EMU. The Cabinet approved the line on 22 May 2007 with a budget of 13.133 billion baht. At the time, it was expected that the full iine could be completed within 15–20 years. Contracts for construction of the initial section from Taling Chan to Bang Sue were awarded by
1488-484: The Thai-speaking area. All voiced–voiceless pairs of consonants lost the voicing distinction: However, in the process of these mergers, the former distinction of voice was transferred into a new set of tonal distinctions. In essence, every tone in Old Thai split into two new tones, with a lower-pitched tone corresponding to a syllable that formerly began with a voiced consonant, and a higher-pitched tone corresponding to
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1536-501: The bidding consortiums was disqualified on due to the fact that one of the consortium members ( Marubeni Corporation ) had convictions for bribery in an Indonesian bidding process. This left the MHSC Consortium (consisting of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries , Hitachi , and Sumitomo Corporation ) as the sole bidder qualified for the contract. However, their bid of 28,899 billion Baht was above the SRT median price of 26 billion baht which
1584-573: The catenary system was at 76.82%. The line was expected to reopen in January 2021 after test runs began in late October 2020. In mid-November 2020, the Minister of Transport announced that free trial operations would operate from March to May 2021 with full-service operations expected in November 2021. In late February 2021, the SRT confirmed that free trial operations would commence on 26 March 2021 with full commercial operations starting on 28 July 2021. In July,
1632-477: The line will be extended south from Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal via Phaya Thai and then east to Hua Mak Railway Station in the east of Bangkok where it will interchange with the MRT Yellow Line . In 2004, in conjunction with OTP, the SRT began formulating plans for a new, modern suburban network in Bangkok along existing SRT alignments to replace the existing, limited services. On 7 November 2006,
1680-515: The local patois as pronounced in Guangdong Ayutthaya , the old capital of Thailand from 1351 - 1767 A.D., was from the beginning a bilingual society, speaking Thai and Khmer . Bilingualism must have been strengthened and maintained for some time by the great number of Khmer-speaking captives the Thais took from Angkor Thom after their victories in 1369, 1388 and 1431. Gradually toward the end of
1728-547: The most significant changes occurred during the evolution from Old Thai to modern Thai. The Thai writing system has an eight-century history and many of these changes, especially in consonants and tones, are evidenced in the modern orthography . According to a Chinese source, during the Ming dynasty , Yingya Shenglan (1405–1433), Ma Huan reported on the language of the Xiānluó (暹羅) or Ayutthaya Kingdom, saying that it somewhat resembled
1776-483: The overhead catenary electrical system between Bang Sue–Taling Chan which was funded as part of the SRT Dark Red Line contract 3 as the SRT had subsequently decided to change the line from DMU to EMU operations. Full electrification was planned to be completed by 2020 when the SRT Dark Red line was completed. By the end of September 2019, Electrical and Signaling installation was at 45.60%. By June 2020, installation of
1824-415: The period, a language shift took place. Khmer fell out of use. Both Thai and Khmer descendants whose great-grand parents or earlier ancestors were bilingual came to use only Thai. In the process of language shift, an abundance of Khmer elements were transferred into Thai and permeated all aspects of the language. Consequently, the Thai of the late Ayutthaya Period which later became Ratanakosin or Bangkok Thai,
1872-483: The route. Construction was completed by the 3rd quarter of 2012. Testing began in September 2012 for a 3-month period. The line opened for free limited trial service on 5 December 2012 between Taling Chan Station and Bang Son Station . The line was operated with 2 refurbished DMUs running a very limited service. There were only 6 services each way a day every 60 minutes from 6am to 8am and from 4pm to 7pm. As such, only
1920-484: The royal vocabulary according to their immediate environment. Thai and Pali, the latter from Theravada Buddhism, were added to the vocabulary. An investigation of the Ayutthaya Rajasap reveals that three languages, Thai, Khmer and Khmero-Indic were at work closely both in formulaic expressions and in normal discourse. In fact, Khmero-Indic may be classified in the same category as Khmer because Indic had been adapted to
1968-535: The terminology "low" reflects the lower tone variants that resulted. Modern "mid"-class consonants were voiceless unaspirated stops or affricates in Old Thai—precisely the class that triggered lowering in original tone 1 but not tones 2 or 3. Modern "high"-class consonants were the remaining voiceless consonants in Old Thai (voiceless fricatives, voiceless sonorants, voiceless aspirated stops). The three most common tone "marks" (the lack of any tone mark, as well as
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2016-438: The three tones of Old Thai were split have since merged into five in standard Thai, with the lower variant of former tone 2 merging with the higher variant of former tone 3, becoming the modern "falling" tone. หม ม หน น, ณ หญ ญ หง ง ป ผ พ, ภ บ ฏ, ต ฐ, ถ ท, ธ ฎ, ด จ ฉ ช Bang Son Station Bang Son station ( Thai : สถานีบางซ่อน )
2064-423: The two marks termed mai ek and mai tho ) represent the three tones of Old Thai, and the complex relationship between tone mark and actual tone is due to the various tonal changes since then. Since the tone split, the tones have changed in actual representation to the point that the former relationship between lower and higher tonal variants has been completely obscured. Furthermore, the six tones that resulted after
2112-508: The urban/rural divide, is partly mutually intelligible with Lao , Isan , and some fellow Thai topolects . These languages are written with slightly different scripts, but are linguistically similar and effectively form a dialect continuum . Thai language is spoken by over 69 million people (2020). Moreover, most Thais in the northern (Lanna) and the northeastern (Isan) parts of the country today are bilingual speakers of Central Thai and their respective regional dialects because Central Thai
2160-449: Was a thorough mixture of Thai and Khmer. There were more Khmer words in use than Tai cognates. Khmer grammatical rules were used actively to coin new disyllabic and polysyllabic words and phrases. Khmer expressions, sayings, and proverbs were expressed in Thai through transference. Thais borrowed both the Royal vocabulary and rules to enlarge the vocabulary from Khmer. The Thais later developed
2208-459: Was due to be tendered in June 2022. However, this was later delayed to December 2022 and then until February 2023. With the 14 May 2023 national elections and the ongoing delays in the formation of a new government, it is unlikely that the tenders will be issued until late 2023. In late June, a MOT source expressed that the extension is likely be taken to Cabinet for approval in October 2023 and if approved,
2256-434: Was set in 2010. The MHSC Consortium argued that their bid reflected 2013 prices after the national minimum wage increase from 1 January 2012. Finally in July 2014, after a 2-year delay in the bidding process JICA approved the loan for Contract 3. However, the coup of May 2014 delayed finalization leading to further review and negotiations. By mid-2016, negotiations had concluded and Hitachi promised that all rolling stock for
2304-486: Was then delayed to the 2nd half of 2019. However, the tender has further been delayed until 2021 as the Transport Minister has requested the new Department of Railways to investigate conducting PPP tenders for this extension. Two additional infill stations , Rama 6 bridge and Bang Kruay (EGAT) on either side of the Chao Praya river, were part of the original plans but deferred until ridership grew will be tendered as part of
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