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74-604: The number of pupils has been increasing steadily since the mid-1980s, especially since girls were admitted in the mid-1960s; today, the school educates over 700 students. The Unterstufe (or lower grades) of the Liechtensteinisches Gymnasium comprises three grades (US1, US2 and US3). There are three ways to enter the Liechensteinisches Gymnasium from the Realschule (a type of secondary school offering

148-622: A Hauptschulabschluss of both type 10a or type 10b, the latter of which is the Realschulabschluss . The amount of extracurricular activity is determined individually by each school and varies greatly. With the 2015 school reform the German government has tried to push more of those pupils into other schools, which is known as Inklusion . A special system of apprenticeship called Duale Ausbildung (the dual education system ) allows pupils in vocational courses to do in-service training in

222-487: A Kindergarten is neither mandatory nor free of charge, but can be partly or wholly funded, depending on the local authority and the income of the parents. All caretakers in Kita or Kindergarten must have a three-year qualified education, or be under special supervision during training. Kindergärten can be open from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. or longer and may also house a Kinderkrippe , meaning crèche, for children between

296-464: A Realschule ) or Abitur from a Gymnasium or a Gesamtschule , school leavers can start a career with an apprenticeship at a Berufsschule ( vocational school). Here the student is registered with certain bodies, e.g. associations such as the German Bar Association ( Deutsche Rechtsanwaltskammer , GBA) (board of directors). During the apprenticeship, the young person is

370-491: A Matura (school-leaving diploma), a student must successfully complete OS4, and must receive the mark of “sufficient" in at least two dissertations. Written examinations are held in German, English or French, Mathematics, and a subject related to the student's specialisation. Oral examinations are held in German, Philosophy, Religious Education, Ethics or History, Mathematics, Biology, Physics, Chemistry, Geography or Economics and Law, English, French, Italian, Spanish or Latin, and

444-691: A German university. Those holding a high school diploma can choose from a wider range of possible major subjects at a German university if they did well on the SAT or ACT . Those who scored higher than 1300 on the SAT or higher than 28 on the ACT may apply for any subject at a German university. Gymnasia and Realgymnasia are the classical higher or secondary schools of Germany . Starting in 2010/2011, Realschulen were formally abolished in Berlin and merged with Hauptschulen and

518-563: A company as well as at a state school. Students in Germany scored above the OECD average in reading (498 score points), mathematics (500) and science (503) in PISA 2018. Average reading performance in 2018 returned to levels that were last observed in 2009, reversing most gains up to 2012. In science, mean performance was below 2006 levels; while in mathematics PISA 2018 results lay significantly below those of

592-500: A knowledge of theory and practice. The company is obliged to accept the apprentice on its apprenticeship scheme. After this, the apprentice is registered on a list at the Industrie- und Handelskammer ( IHK ) (chamber of industry and commerce). During the apprenticeship, the apprentice is a part-time salaried employee of the company. After passing the Berufsschule and the exit exams of

666-737: A less theoretical education). One can enter the second grade (US2) of the Liechtensteinisches Gymnasium from the first grade of the Realschule, the fourth grade (OS1) of the Gymnasium from the third grade of the Realschule, or the fourth grade (OS1) of the Gymnasium from the fourth grade of the Realschule. All students study the same subjects in each grade. In US1, students study Religious Education , Geography , History , German , Science , Informatics , Technics, Needlework, Art , Music , Physical Education , and Mathematics . In US2, students start studying English , Latin and French . In addition, there

740-466: A model for schools throughout Germany. German public schools generally have religious education provided by the churches in cooperation with the state ever since. During the 18th century, the Kingdom of Prussia was among the first countries in the world to introduce free and generally compulsory primary education, consisting of an eight-year course of basic education, Volksschule . It provided not only

814-574: A new type of school in Austria-Hungary. Up to 1918, just seven such schools were established, two of them in the Czech lands (1909 Vrchlabí, 1911 Bohumín), both of them German-language. The realskole existed in Norway between 1935 and 1970. It replaced the former middelskole , and was the level between folkeskole (primary school) and gymnasium . The majority historically left school after folkeskole , and

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888-421: A number of base subjects in addition to several classes that form the educational track they choose. Basic subjects include English , German , French , mathematics , physics , and physical education . In OS3 and OS4, students choose elective courses in addition that enhance their specialisation. Courses in several subjects are only taught in certain grades: In order to meet the requirements to graduate with

962-457: A part-time salaried employee of the institution, bank, physician or attorney's office. After leaving the Berufsfachschule and passing the exit examinations set by the German Bar Association or other relevant associations, the apprentice receives a certificate and is ready for a career at all levels except in positions which require a specific higher degree, such as a doctorate. In some areas,

1036-835: A recommendation stating that the student is likely to make a successful transition to that type of school; in other cases anyone may apply. In Berlin 30% – 35% of Gymnasium places are allocated by lottery. A student's performance at primary school is immaterial. While the entry year is depending on the last year in the Grundschule stepping back or skipping a grade is possible between 7th and 10th grade and only stepping back between 5th and 6th grade (so called Erprobungsstufe , meaning testing grade) and 11th and 12th grade. The eastern states Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia combine Hauptschule and Realschule into Sekundarschule, Mittelschule and Regelschule respectively. All German states have Gymnasium as one possibility for

1110-427: A second foreign language. The list of available foreign languages as well as the hours of compulsory foreign language lessons differ from state to state, but the more common choices besides Latin are English, French, Spanish, and ancient Greek. Many schools also offer voluntary study groups for the purpose of learning other languages. At which stage students begin learning a foreign language differs from state to state and

1184-695: A study those attending a Realschule became more altruistic and more likely to care for others over time. The "Erweiterte Realschule" (expanded Realschule ) is a school that exists in the German State of the Saarland . It is not to be confused with the Realschule . While the Realschule is a selective school , the Erweiterte Realschule is a school that does not select its students on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. It streams students by perceived ability after 7th grade. The " Realschule Plus "

1258-728: A subject chosen by the student. Realschule Real school ( German : Realschule , German: [ʁeˈaːlʃuːlə] ) is a type of secondary school in Germany , Switzerland and Liechtenstein . It has also existed in Croatia ( realna gimnazija ), the Austrian Empire , the German Empire , Denmark and Norway ( realskole ), Sweden ( realskola ), Finland ( reaalikoulu ), Hungary ( reáliskola ), Latvia ( reālskola ), Slovenia ( realka ), Serbia ( realna gimnazija/realka ), and

1332-481: A trend towards a less ideological discussion on how to develop schools. These are some of the new trends: Further outcomes: In Germany, education is the responsibility of the states ( Länder ) and part of their constitutional sovereignty ( Kulturhoheit der Länder ). Teachers are employed by the Ministry of Education for the state and usually have a job for life after a certain period ( verbeamtet ) (which, however,

1406-457: A very early age. For instance, in some German states, a decision is made in the sixth or even the fourth grade about whether a child is to continue in the Gymnasium, the Realschule , or the Hauptschule . Only the Gymnasium is a university-preparatory school , so critics argue that a decision is made as early as the fourth grade about whether a child will be allowed to attend college. The system

1480-495: A year as the Schülerrat (students' council). A team of school presidents is also elected by the pupils each year, whose main purpose is organizing school parties, sports tournaments and the like for their fellow students. The local town is responsible for the school building and employs the janitorial and secretarial staff. For an average school of 600 – 800 students, there may be two janitors and one secretary. School administration

1554-581: Is a break of 15–20 minutes, including after the sixth lesson (the number of lessons changes from year to year, so it is possible that one could be in school until 16.00). Nebenfächer (minor fields of study) are taught twice a week; Hauptfächer (major subjects) are taught three times. In grades 11–13, 11–12, or 12–13 (depending on the school system), each student majors in two or three subjects ( Leistungskurse ), in which there are usually five lessons per week. The other subjects ( Grundkurse ) are usually taught three periods per week. + Seminarfach

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1628-436: Is a compulsory class in which each student is prepared to turn in his/her own research paper at the end of the semester. The class is aimed at training students' scientific research skills that will later be necessary in university. There are significant differences between the 16 states' alternatives to this basic template, such as Waldorfschulen or other private schools. Adults can also go back to evening school and take

1702-519: Is a non-selective school that exists in the State of Rhineland-Palatinate . It offers general education classes (that resemble normal Realschule classes) as well as remedial classes. The Erweiterte Realschule and the Realschule Plus are not the school of first choice for many students and often are attended by students who have been turned down by or have been expelled from other schools. The first in

1776-617: Is compulsory for all children ages 6 to 15. Students can complete three types of school leaving qualifications , ranging from the more vocational Hauptschulabschluss and Mittlere Reife over to the more academic Abitur . The latter permits students to apply to study at university level. A bachelor's degree is commonly followed up with a master's degree , with 45% of all undergraduates proceeding to postgraduate studies within 1.5 years of graduating. While rules vary (see → § Tuition fees ) from Land (state) to Land, German public universities generally don't charge tuition fees. Germany

1850-523: Is considered so onerous outside Germany that the OECD even sent a special envoy to Germany to condemn current German practice. Specifically, the Brazilian expert found that German schools separate children according to social class , with children of academics and professionals more often being sent on to a Gymnasium, and working-class children being sent to a Realschule or a Hauptschule . According to critics,

1924-515: Is different from school to school; however, most German schools offer choirs or orchestras, and sometimes sports, theater or languages. Many of these are offered as semi-scholastic AGs ( Arbeitsgemeinschaften —literally "working groups"), which are noted in students' reports but not officially graded. Other common extracurricular activities are organized as private clubs, which are very popular in Germany. There are three blocks of lessons, with each lesson taking 45 minutes. After each block, there

1998-440: Is embedded into that of the elementary schools. Teachers give a so-called educational (path) recommendation ( Bildungs(gang)empfehlung ) based on scholastic achievements in the main subjects (mathematics, German, natural sciences, foreign language) and classroom behavior with details and legal implications differing from state to state: in some German states, those wishing to apply to a Gymnasium or Realschule require such

2072-409: Is embedded into the program of the secondary schools. The decision for a secondary school influences the student's future, but during this phase changes can be made more easily. In practice this rarely comes to bear because teachers are afraid of sending pupils to more academic schools whereas parents are afraid of sending their children to less academic schools. In Berlin and Brandenburg, the orientation

2146-533: Is known as a Kindergarten (plural Kindergärten ) or Kita , short for Ki nder ta gesstätte (meaning "children's daycare center"). Children between the ages of 2 and 6 attend Kindergärten , which are not part of the school system. They are often run by city or town administrations, churches, or registered societies, many of which follow a certain educational approach as represented, e.g., by Montessori or Reggio Emilia or Berliner Bildungsprogramm . Forest kindergartens are well established. Attending

2220-463: Is not comparable in timeframe nor competitiveness to the typical tenure track, e.g. at universities in the US). This practice depends on the state and is currently changing. A parents' council is elected to voice the parents' views to the school's administration. Each class elects one or two Klassensprecher (class presidents; if two are elected usually one is male and the other female), who meet several times

2294-543: Is one "class lesson" (or Lebenskunde ) per week. Students may not be exempt from studying the subjects mentioned above in the Unterstufe. They may, however, choose to study additional subjects if they please. The Oberstufe (or upper grades) of the Liechtensteinisches Gymnasium comprises four grades (OS1, OS2, OS3 and OS4). In the Oberstufe, the pupils must choose one out of five education tracks: During school, students study

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2368-484: Is professional, while it is more accurately described as vocational. The German secondary education is then partitioned into five subtypes of schools: Gymnasium, Realschule, Hauptschule, Gesamtschule and Sonderschule. One, the Gymnasium , is designed to prepare pupils for higher education and finishes with the final examination, Abitur , after grade 12 or 13. From 2005 to 2018 a school reform known as G8 provided

2442-643: Is still one 45-minute lesson each day, mostly between the first two blocks; at other schools those subjects are taught in weekly or term rotations. There are about 12 compulsory subjects: up to three foreign languages (the first is often begun in primary school, the second one in 6th or 7th grade, and the third somewhere between 7th and 11th grade), physics, biology, chemistry, civics/social/political studies, history, geography (starting between 5th and 7th grade), mathematics, music, visual arts, German, physical education, and religious education/ethics (to be taken from primary school on). The range of offered afternoon activities

2516-469: Is tailored to the cultural and socio-economical dynamics of each state. In some states, foreign language education starts in Grundschule (primary school). For example, in North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony , English starts in the third year of elementary school. Baden-Württemberg starts with English or French in the first year. The Saarland , which borders France, begins with French in

2590-476: Is the responsibility of the teachers, who receive a reduction in their teaching hours if they participate. Church and state are separated in Germany. Compulsory school prayers and compulsory attendance at religious services at state schools are against the constitution. (It is expected, though, to stand politely for the school prayer even if one does not pray along.) Over 99% of Germans aged 15 and above are estimated to be able to read and write. German preschool

2664-474: Is the so-called Gesamtschule , i.e. comprehensive school. There are two main types of Gesamtschule , namely integriert (≈integrated) or kooperativ (≈collaborative ). There are also Förder- or Sonderschulen , schools for students with special educational needs. One in 21 pupils attends a Förderschule . Nevertheless, the Förder- or Sonderschulen can also lead, in special circumstances, to

2738-631: Is used both for educational efforts in Kindergärten and for a mandatory class that is usually connected to a primary school. Both systems are handled differently in each German state. The Schulkindergarten is a type of Vorschule. During the German Empire, children were able to pass directly into secondary education after attending a privately run, fee-based Vorschule which then was another sort of primary school. The Weimar Constitution banned these, feeling them to be an unjustified privilege, and

2812-573: Is well-known internationally for its vocational training model, the Ausbildung (apprenticeship), with about 50 per cent of all school leavers entering vocational training. Germany's secondary education is separated into two parts, lower and upper. Germany's Lower-secondary education provides individuals with "basic general education", and gets them ready to enter upper-secondary education, which in turn usually allows vocational training. It's common to find mistranslations that say that this education

2886-639: The Hauptschule prepares pupils for vocational education and finishes with the final examination Hauptschulabschluss , after grade 9 and the Realschulabschluss after grade 10. There are two types of grade 10: one is the higher level called type 10b and the lower level is called type 10a; only the higher-level type 10b can lead to the Realschule and this finishes with the final examination Mittlere Reife after grade 10b. This new path of achieving

2960-492: The Abitur in 8 school years. The reform failed due to high demands on learning levels for the children and were turned to G9 in 2019. Only a few Gymnasiums stay with the G8 model. Children usually attend Gymnasium from 10 to 18 years. The Realschule has a range of emphasis for intermediate pupils and finishes with the final examination Mittlere Reife , after grade 10;

3034-429: The Realschulabschluss at a vocationally oriented secondary school was changed by the statutory school regulations in 1981—with a one-year qualifying period. During the one-year qualifying period of the change to the new regulations, pupils could continue with class 10 to fulfil the statutory period of education. After 1982, the new path was compulsory, as explained above. A less common secondary school alternative

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3108-401: The Realschulabschluss . Stepping up is always provided by the school system. Adults who did not achieve a Realschulabschluss or Abitur , or reached its equivalent, have the option of attending evening classes at an Abendgymnasium or Abendrealschule . A few organizational central points are listed below. It should however be noted that due to the decentralized nature of

3182-594: The Basic Law still contains the constitutional rule (Art. 7 Sect. VI) that: Pre-schools shall remain abolished. Homeschooling is – between Schulpflicht (compulsory schooling) beginning with elementary school to 18 years – illegal in Germany. The illegality has to do with the prioritization of children's rights over the rights of parents: children have the right to the company of other children and adults who are not their parents. For similar reasons, parents cannot opt their children out of sexual education classes because

3256-416: The Realschule at the age of ten or eleven and typically finish school at the age of 16–17. In some states, Realschulen have recently been replaced by Oberschulen or Sekundarschulen . In 2006 1.32 million German students attended a Realschule . At Realschule , a student gets an extended education and learns at least one foreign language, usually English . In the state of Baden-Württemberg , after

3330-511: The Russian Empire ( реальное училище ), including partitioned Poland ( szkoła realna ). In the German secondary school system, Realschule is ranked between Hauptschule (lowest) and Gymnasium (highest). After completing the Realschule , good students are allowed to attend a professional Gymnasium or a general-education Gymnasium. They can also attend a Berufsschule or do an apprenticeship . In most states of Germany, students start

3404-461: The Weimar Republic established a free, universal four-year elementary school ( Grundschule ). Most pupils continued at these schools for another four-year course. Those who were able to pay a small fee went on to a Mittelschule that provided a more challenging curriculum for an additional one or two years. Upon passing a rigorous entrance exam after year four, pupils could also enter one of

3478-416: The realskole was meant as preparation for the gymnasium , itself a preparation for university studies. Only a small minority attended gymnasium in those times. Oberschule Education in Germany is primarily the responsibility of individual German states ( Länder ), with the federal government only playing a minor role. While kindergarten (nursery school) is optional, formal education

3552-520: The 2012 study. The Human Rights Measurement Initiative finds that Germany is achieving 75.4% of what should be possible for the right to education, at their level of income. Historically, Lutheranism had a strong influence on German culture, including its education. Martin Luther advocated compulsory schooling so that all people would independently be able to read and interpret the Bible. This concept became

3626-602: The 8th grade a student has to choose between arts and music . High school diplomas obtained in Canada or the United States are usually acknowledged as a Mittlere Reife (graduation from a Realschule ). In some cases however students may apply for certain subjects at a university. All students holding an American high school diploma may apply for the Studienkolleg , and after successfully graduating from this they may attend

3700-483: The IHK, a certificate is awarded and the young person is ready for a career up to a low management level. In some areas, the schemes teach certain skills that are a legal requirement (special positions in a bank, legal assistants). Some special areas provide different paths. After attending any of the above schools and gaining a leaving certificate like Hauptschulabschluss , Mittlere Reife (or Realschulabschuss , from

3774-417: The above schools, pupils can start a career with an apprenticeship in a Berufsschule ( vocational school). And the passing system is different from other countries. German secondary schools follow points system (punkte). Berufsschule is normally attended twice a week during a two, three, or three-and-a-half-year apprenticeship; the other days are spent working at a company. This is intended to provide

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3848-541: The ages of 6 to 16. At the end of the 10th year, an exit examination was set. Depending upon the results, a pupil could choose to come out of education or undertake an apprenticeship for an additional two years, followed by an Abitur . Those who performed very well and displayed loyalty to the ruling party could change to the Erweiterte Oberschule (extended high school), where they could take their Abitur examinations after 12 school years. Although this system

3922-629: The ages of eight weeks and three years, and possibly an afternoon Hort (often associated with a primary school) for school-age children aged 6 to 10 who spend the time after their lessons there. Alongside nurseries, there are day-care nurses (called Tagesmutter , plural Tagesmütter —the formal, gender-neutral form is Tagespflegeperson(en) ) working independently from any pre-school institution in individual homes and looking after only three to five children typically up to three years of age. These nurses are supported and supervised by local authorities. The term Vorschule , meaning 'pre-school',

3996-415: The apprenticeship scheme teaches skills that are required by law, including certain positions in a bank or those as legal assistants. The 16 states have exclusive responsibility in the field of education and professional education. The federal parliament and the federal government can influence the educational system only by financial aid to the states. There are many different school systems, but in each state

4070-497: The case of exceptionally good (or exceptionally poor) ability. Graduation certificates from one state are recognized by all the other states. Qualified teachers are able to apply for posts in any of the states. Since the 1990s, a few changes have been taking place in many schools: In 2000 after much public debate about Germany's perceived low international ranking in Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), there has been

4144-472: The education system there are many more additional differences across the 16 states of Germany. The school year starts after the summer break (different from state to state, usually end/mid of August) and is divided into two terms. There are typically 12 weeks of holidays in addition to public holidays. Exact dates differ between states, but there are generally six weeks of summer and two weeks of Christmas holiday. The other holiday periods occur in spring (during

4218-942: The empire was established in Vienna, 1771. Systematically they were founded by Habsburg Monarchy after 1804: e.g. 1811 in Brno (German-language), 1815 in Brody ( Galicia ), 1817 in Lviv and Trieste etc. In the Czech lands , in the school year 1917/1918 there existed 43 Czech-language reálka , namely 30 in Bohemia and 13 in Moravia. There existed also German-language Realschulen . After World War I, many Realschulen became transformed to Realgymnasien . Realschulen were abolished in 1948 in Czechoslovakia. The Realgymnasium

4292-465: The first separate secondary schools for females. As learned professions demanded well-educated young people, more secondary schools were established, and the state claimed the sole right to set standards and to supervise the newly established schools. Four different types of secondary schools developed: By the turn of the 20th century, the four types of schools had achieved equal rank and privilege, although they did not have equal prestige. After 1919,

4366-619: The four types of secondary school. During the Nazi era (1933–1945), though the curriculum was reshaped to teach the beliefs of the regime, the basic structure of the education system remained unchanged. The German Democratic Republic (East Germany) started its own standardized education system in the 1960s. The East German equivalent of both primary and secondary schools was the Polytechnic Secondary School ( Polytechnische Oberschule ), which all students attended for 10 years, from

4440-499: The more able children, and all states—except Saxony —have some Gesamtschulen , but in different forms. The states of Berlin and Hamburg have only two types of schools: comprehensive schools and Gymnasium. Learning a foreign language is compulsory throughout Germany in secondary schools and English is one of the more popular choices. Students at certain Gymnasium are required to learn Latin as their first foreign language and choose

4514-565: The old Gesamtschulen to form a new type of comprehensive school, called Stadtteilschule in Hamburg and Sekundarschule in Berlin. According to the PISA examination the students attending a Realschule were outperformed by those attending a Gymnasium. However, they did better than those attending a Hauptschule or a Gesamtschule school. The German tripartite system of education has been widely criticized for separating children along class lines at

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4588-400: The opinion that state-funded Realschulen and Gymnasiums offered many working-class children the possibility to move up the social ladder. Also, proponents of the tripartite system fear that abolishing Gymnasia and Realschulen would lead to the growth of a private school sector. Proponents of the Realschule also hold the opinion that it aids students' personality development. According to

4662-571: The period around Easter Sunday ) and autumn (during the former harvest, where farmers used to need their children for field work). In some states schools can also schedule two or three special days off per term. Students have about 30–40 periods of 45 minutes each per week (depending on year and state), but secondary schools in particular have switched to 90-minute lessons ( Block ) which count as two 'traditional' lessons. To manage classes that are taught three or five lessons per week there are two common ways. At some schools with 90-minute periods there

4736-571: The recent PISA study. Proponents of the tripartite system consider the arguments brought forward by the critics to be invalid. They point to the fact that not only Gymnasium, but also comprehensive schools and schools serving mature students such as the Kolleg or the Berufsoberschule offer the possibility for the Abitur . Also it is possible to attend college without holding the Abitur . They also hold

4810-431: The sixth grade, the student has to choose among technology , home economics , and a second foreign language, usually French . The new subject becomes the student's fifth main subject, after German, maths, science and English; and it is also possible to learn other foreign languages in free workshops. Other subjects are geography , social sciences , economics , history , religious education, and physical education. After

4884-550: The skills needed in an early industrialized world (reading, writing, and arithmetic) but also a strict education in ethics, duty, discipline and obedience. Children of affluent parents often went on to attend preparatory private schools for an additional four years, but the general population had virtually no access to secondary education and universities. In 1810, during the Napoleonic Wars , Prussia introduced state certification requirements for teachers, which significantly raised

4958-411: The standard of teaching. The final examination, Abitur , was introduced in 1788, implemented in all Prussian secondary schools by 1812 and extended to all of Germany in 1871. The state also established teacher training colleges for prospective teachers in the common or elementary grades. When the German Empire was formed in 1871, the school system became more centralized. In 1872, Prussia recognized

5032-441: The starting point is always the Grundschule (elementary school) for a period of four years; or six years in the case of Berlin and Brandenburg. Grades 5 and 6 form an orientation or testing phase ( Orientierungs- or Erprobungsstufe ) during which students, their parents and teachers decide which of the above-mentioned paths the students should follow. In all states except Berlin and Brandenburg , this orientation phase

5106-429: The state ( Länder ) governments. This led to widely varying school systems, often making it difficult for children to continue schooling whilst moving between states. Multi-state agreements ensure that basic requirements are universally met by all state school systems. Thus, all children are required to attend one type of school (five or six days a week) from the age of 6 to the age of 16. A pupil may change schools in

5180-512: The state considers a child's right to information to be more important than a parent's desire to withhold it. Parents looking for a suitable school for their child have a wide choice of elementary schools: The entry year can vary between 5 and 7, while stepping back or skipping a grade is also possible. After children complete their primary education (at 10 years of age/grade 4, 12 year of age in Berlin and Brandenburg), there are four options for secondary schooling: After passing through any of

5254-457: The system is widely considered within Germany to be socially useful in the sense that the upper class is able to reserve the best schools for itself without having to resort to private schools. Finally, no democratic society outside the German-speaking world has tripartite school systems that separate children largely according to background; this finding was the main complaint about Germany in

5328-400: The third year of primary school and French is taught in high school as the main foreign language. It may cause problems in terms of education for families that plan to move from one German state to another as there are partially completely different curricula for nearly every subject. Realschule students gain the chance to take their Abitur at a Gymnasium with a good degree in

5402-622: Was a compromise type between the Realschule and Gymnasium . In the Czech lands, Realgymnasien were established between 1862 (the first one in Tábor) and 1913 (the last one in Jilemnice). In the Czech lands, in the school year 1917/1918 there existed 35 Czech-language Realgymnasien ; namely 24 in Bohemia, 10 in Moravia, and one in Czech Silesia. In 1908, the Reformrealgymnasium was created as

5476-558: Was abolished in the early 1990s after reunification, it continues to influence school life in the eastern German states. After World War II , the Allied powers (Soviet Union, France, United Kingdom, and the U.S.) ensured that Nazi ideology was eliminated from the curriculum. They installed educational systems in their respective occupation zones that reflected their own ideas. When West Germany gained partial independence in 1949, its new constitution ( Grundgesetz ) granted educational autonomy to

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