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65-478: Libera Chat , stylized as Libera.Chat , is an IRC network for free and open-source software projects. It was founded on 19 May 2021 by former Freenode staff members, after Freenode was taken over by Andrew Lee , founder of Private Internet Access . In 2017, Christel Dahlskjaer, then the head of staff at Freenode, incorporated a new company called Freenode Limited and transferred ownership to technology entrepreneur Andrew Lee . In February 2021, Dahlskjaer added

130-537: A Latin letter "+o"/"o"). On most networks, an operator can: There are also users who maintain elevated rights on their local server, or the entire network; these are called IRC operators, sometimes shortened to IRCops or Opers (not to be confused with channel operators). As the implementation of the IRCd varies, so do the privileges of the IRC operator on the given IRCd. RFC 1459 claims that IRC operators are "a necessary evil" to keep

195-777: A bachelor's degree; a student might only be accepted to study for the Master's level degree. TKK required a bachelor's degree from foreign students studying in English, because only Master's studies were offered completely in English. Apart from numerous programs in Finnish language, various international Master's programs were offered exclusively for studies in English. The university was organized in four faculties, each consisting of departments and separate laboratories, and separate units not operating under any faculty. Additionally, TKK participated in various joint units with other Finnish universities and

260-732: A clean state of the network, and as such they need to be able to disconnect and reconnect servers. Additionally, to prevent malicious users or even harmful automated programs from entering IRC, IRC operators are usually allowed to disconnect clients and completely ban IP addresses or complete subnets. Networks that carry services (NickServ et al.) usually allow their IRC operators also to handle basic "ownership" matters. Further privileged rights may include overriding channel bans (being able to join channels they would not be allowed to join, if they were not opered), being able to op themselves on channels where they would not be able without being opered, being auto-opped on channels always and so forth. A hostmask

325-416: A common solution is to use IRCv3 "multi-prefix" extension. Many daemons and networks have added extra modes or modified the behavior of modes in the above list. A channel operator is a client on an IRC channel that manages the channel. IRC channel operators can be easily seen by the symbol or icon next to their name (varies by client implementation, commonly a "@" symbol prefix, a green circle, or

390-464: A high standard in international comparison. The campus contains the former student union building and convention centre Dipoli , named as the second Poli , the second building of the polytechnic students. The original first building being located formerly in the Helsinki centre. Dipoli was designed by Reima and Raili Pietilä and was completed in 1966. However, in 1993 the building was transformed into

455-420: A network of IRC servers is a tree . Messages are routed along only necessary branches of the tree but network state is sent to every server and there is generally a high degree of implicit trust between servers. However, this architecture has a number of problems. A misbehaving or malicious server can cause major damage to the network and any changes in structure, whether intentional or a result of conditions on

520-561: A professorship in biochemistry at TKK. More recently, the university has notably invested in the research of nanotechnology, operating the largest cleanroom facility in Northern Europe and of the largest microscopy clusters in Europe. The Nokia Research Center has operated a "lablet" on university premises since 2008, in order to establish joint research programs and daily interaction between Nokia and university researchers, who would share

585-412: A server or the entire network), IRCop only communications: GlobOps, +H mode showing that an IRCop is a "helpop" etc. Much of DALnet's new functions were written in early 1995 by Brian "Morpher" Smith and allow users to own nicknames, control channels, send memos, and more. In July 1996, after months of flame wars and discussions on the mailing list, there was yet another split due to disagreement in how

650-500: A server use '&'. Other less common channel types include '+' channels—'modeless' channels without operators —and '!' channels, a form of timestamped channel on normally non-timestamped networks. Users and channels may have modes that are represented by individual case-sensitive letters and are set using the MODE command. User modes and channel modes are separate and can use the same letter to mean different things (e.g. user mode "i"

715-445: A team of students smuggled a statue of Paavo Nurmi onto the 300-year-old wreck of Regalskeppet Vasa just days before its lifting from the bottom of the sea. The Student Union of Helsinki University of Technology ( TKY , Finnish : Teknillisen korkeakoulun ylioppilaskunta , Swedish : Tekniska högskolans studentkår ) was the interest group for the students of the university. In 2006 it had 11,187 members, which included all

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780-463: A training centre of the university. The ownership of the property was later transferred from the student union to the university itself, due to high maintenance costs. It is regularly used for conventions, congresses and student parties. In addition to the student union TKK students have formed numerous associations for studies, cultural activity and sports. In 2007, there were some 150 associations maintained by university students. In 2006, two-thirds of

845-680: A user is affiliated with a group or project. Helsinki University of Technology Much of the university's Otaniemi campus was designed by Alvar Aalto . In 1849, TKK was established in Helsinki by the decree of the Russian Emperor Nicholas I , Grand Duke of Finland as a "manufacture and handicraft school", with the name Helsingin teknillinen reaalikoulu/Helsingfors tekniska realskola , along with two other similar schools, situated in Vaasa and Turku . The school started its function in

910-419: Is a unique identifier of an IRC client connected to an IRC server . IRC servers , services , and other clients, including bots , can use it to identify a specific IRC session. The format of a hostmask is nick!user@host . The hostmask looks similar to, but should not be confused with an e-mail address . The nick part is the nickname chosen by the user and may be changed while connected. The user part

975-562: Is connected by a 15-minute bus ride to the center of Helsinki. TKK was known for its active student community and technology students ( teekkari s) are highly noticeable, as they wear a distinctive hat and often brightly colored overalls to many of their public events. The community has also organised important charity events ( tempaus in local language). TKK students are also famous for, and Finland's leading practitioners of, student pranks ( jäynä ), similar in principle to MIT hacks . Their most widely publicised stunt took place in 1961, when

1040-406: Is delivered in a fashion similar to multicast , meaning each message travels a network link exactly once. This is a strength in comparison to non-multicasting protocols such as Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) or Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) . An IRC daemon can be used on a local area network (LAN). IRC can thus be used to facilitate communication between people within

1105-541: Is implemented as an application layer protocol to facilitate communication in the form of text. The chat process works on a client–server networking model . Users connect, using a client—which may be a web app , a standalone desktop program , or embedded into part of a larger program—to an IRC server, which may be part of a larger IRC network. Examples of programs used to connect include Mibbit , IRCCloud , KiwiIRC , and mIRC . IRC usage has been declining steadily since 2003, losing 60 percent of its users. In April 2011,

1170-422: Is invisible mode while channel mode "i" is invite only. ) Modes are usually set and unset using the mode command that takes a target (user or channel), a set of modes to set (+) or unset (-) and any parameters the modes need. Some channel modes take parameters and other channel modes apply to a user on a channel or add or remove a mask (e.g. a ban mask) from a list associated with the channel rather than applying to

1235-474: Is the username reported by ident on the client. If ident is not available on the client, the username specified when the client connected is used after being prefixed with a tilde . The host part is the hostname the client is connecting from. If the IP address of the client cannot be resolved to a valid hostname by the server, it is used instead of the hostname. Because of the privacy implications of exposing

1300-544: The Domus Litonii ("Litonius house") building located at Aleksanterinkatu 50, which had been designed by Gustaf Paulus Leander and completed in 1847, and remains in use and in ownership by the Litonius family to this day. In 1872, the school's name was changed to Polyteknillinen koulu/Polytekniska skolan ("Polytechnical School") and in 1878, to Polyteknillinen opisto/Polytekniska institutet ("Polytechnical Institute"), while

1365-550: The Free Software Foundation and Wikimedia have since moved their channels from Freenode to Libera Chat and to other IRC networks. IRC network IRC ( Internet Relay Chat ) is a text-based chat system for instant messaging . IRC is designed for group communication in discussion forums, called channels , but also allows one-on-one communication via private messages as well as chat and data transfer , including file sharing . Internet Relay Chat

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1430-598: The VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland : TKK participated in 12 Centres of Excellence ( huippuyksikkö ), selected by the Academy of Finland to represent the top research in the country and receiving separate, fixed-period funding from the Academy. Researchers at TKK have achieved notability in, among other things, low temperature physics (holding the current world record for the lowest temperature achieved ),

1495-527: The Department of Architecture of the School of Engineering, formerly of Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, was merged with Aalto University School of Art and Design into Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture . All engineering programmes offered by TKK led to the degree of diplomi-insinööri ("engineer with university diploma"), a five-year master's degree. The only exceptions to this were

1560-804: The EFnet ircd version 2.8.10). It was meant to be just a test network to develop bots on but it quickly grew to a network "for friends and their friends". In Europe and Canada a separate new network was being worked on and in December the French servers connected to the Canadian ones, and by the end of the month, the French and Canadian network was connected to the US one, forming the network that later came to be called "The Undernet ". The "undernetters" wanted to take ircd further in an attempt to make it use less bandwidth and to try to sort out

1625-541: The Finnish network. They had obtained the program from one of Oikarinen's friends, Vijay Subramaniam—the first non-Finnish person to use IRC. IRC then grew larger and got used on the entire Finnish national network— FUNET —and then connected to Nordunet , the Scandinavian branch of the Internet. In November 1988, IRC had spread across the Internet and in the middle of 1989, there were some 40 servers worldwide. In August 1990,

1690-532: The IP address or hostname of a client, some IRC daemons also provide privacy features, such as InspIRCd or UnrealIRCd's "+x" mode. This hashes a client IP address or masks part of a client's hostname, making it unreadable to users other than IRCops . Users may also have the option of requesting a "virtual host" (or "vhost"), to be displayed in the hostmask to allow further anonymity. Some IRC networks, such as Libera Chat or Freenode , use these as "cloaks" to indicate that

1755-471: The IRC command LIST , which lists all currently available channels that do not have the modes +s or +p set, on that particular network. Users can join a channel using the JOIN command, in most clients available as /join #channelname . Messages sent to the joined channels are then relayed to all other users. Channels that are available across an entire IRC network are prefixed with a '#', while those local to

1820-417: The IRC network. Users access IRC networks by connecting a client to a server. There are many client implementations, such as mIRC , HexChat and irssi , and server implementations, e.g. the original IRCd . Most IRC servers do not require users to register an account but a nickname is required before being connected. IRC was originally a plain text protocol (although later extended), which on request

1885-401: The IRC protocol have been published, there is no official specification, as the protocol remains dynamic. Virtually no clients and very few servers rely strictly on the above RFCs as a reference. Microsoft made an extension for IRC in 1998 via the proprietary IRCX . They later stopped distributing software supporting IRCX, instead developing the proprietary MSNP . The standard structure of

1950-463: The Internet. New server software has added a multitude of new features. As of 2016 , a new standardization effort is under way under a working group called IRCv3, which focuses on more advanced client features such as instant notifications, better history support and improved security. As of 2019 , no major IRC networks have fully adopted the proposed standard. As of June 2021, there are 481 different IRC networks known to be operating, of which

2015-451: The US side. Most (not all) of the IRCnet servers were in Europe, while most of the EFnet servers were in the US. This event is also known as "The Great Split" in many IRC societies. EFnet has since (as of August 1998) grown and passed the number of users it had then. In the (northern) autumn of the year 2000, EFnet had some 50,000 users and IRCnet 70,000. IRC has changed much over its life on

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2080-546: The architecture programmes that lead to the master's degrees of architecture and landscape architecture. From 2005, according to the Bologna process , all students might also complete an intermediate degree ( tekniikan kandidaatti , TkK ) before the DI or architect's degree. This degree is considered a bachelor's degree and enables enrollment in foreign universities where a bachelor's degree is required. TKK did not offer programs terminating in

2145-484: The building material originally used for the campus was acquired from the former Soviet Union embassy, which had been destroyed during World War II , as a result of bombings by Soviet Union itself. Later the student housing has been used for housing athletes again in a number of athletics events, sometimes to the dismay of the students that have to move out during the events. The quality of the Otaniemi student housing holds

2210-444: The channel as a whole. Modes that apply to users on a channel have an associated symbol that is used to represent the mode in names replies (sent to clients on first joining a channel and use of the names command) and in many clients also used to represent it in the client's displayed list of users in a channel or to display an own indicator for a user's modes. In order to correctly parse incoming mode messages and track channel state

2275-526: The channel chaos ( netsplits and takeovers ) that EFnet started to suffer from. For the latter purpose, the Undernet implemented timestamps, new routing and offered the CService—a program that allowed users to register channels and then attempted to protect them from troublemakers. The first server list presented, from 15 February 1993, includes servers from the U.S., Canada, France, Croatia and Japan. On 15 August,

2340-418: The client does not recognize) passed directly to the server, possibly with some modification. Due to the nature of the protocol, automated systems cannot always correctly pair a sent command with its reply with full reliability and are subject to guessing. The basic means of communicating to a group of users in an established IRC session is through a channel . Channels on a network can be displayed using

2405-455: The client must know which mode is of which type and for the modes that apply to a user on a channel which symbol goes with which letter. In early implementations of IRC this had to be hard-coded in the client but there is now a de facto standard extension to the protocol called ISUPPORT that sends this information to the client at connect time using numeric 005. There is a small design fault in IRC regarding modes that apply to users on channels:

2470-488: The community nature of IRC there are a large number of other networks for users to choose from. Historically the "Big Four" were: IRC reached 6 million simultaneous users in 2001 and 10 million users in 2004–2005, dropping to around 350k in 2021. The top 100 IRC networks have around 230k users connected at peak hours. Timeline of major servers: IRC is an open protocol that uses TCP and, optionally, TLS . An IRC server can connect to other IRC servers to expand

2535-484: The development of devices and methods for magnetoencephalography , mobile communications, wood processing , and neural networks, with professor Teuvo Kohonen initiating research in self-organizing maps . Additionally, the first commercialised total synthesis , the synthesis of camphor , was invented by Gustaf Komppa , the first professor of chemistry at TKK and the Nobel laureate (chemistry, 1945) Artturi Virtanen held

2600-507: The development of the ircd should evolve. Most notably, the "European" (most of those servers were in Europe) side that later named itself IRCnet argued for nick and channel delays whereas the EFnet side argued for timestamps. There were also disagreements about policies: the European side had started to establish a set of rules directing what IRCops could and could not do, a point of view opposed by

2665-399: The first major disagreement took place in the IRC world. The "A-net" (Anarchy net) included a server named eris.berkeley.edu. It was all open, required no passwords and had no limit on the number of connects. As Greg "wumpus" Lindahl explains: "it had a wildcard server line, so people were hooking up servers and nick-colliding everyone". The "Eris Free Network", EFnet , made the eris machine

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2730-451: The first to be Q-lined (Q for quarantine) from IRC. In wumpus' words again: "Eris refused to remove that line, so I formed EFnet. It wasn't much of a fight; I got all the hubs to join, and almost everyone else got carried along." A-net was formed with the eris servers, while EFnet was formed with the non-eris servers. History showed most servers and users went with EFnet. Once A-net disbanded, the name EFnet became meaningless, and once again it

2795-405: The local area network (internal communication). IRC has a line-based structure. Clients send single-line messages to the server, receive replies to those messages and receive copies of some messages sent by other clients. In most clients, users can enter commands by prefixing them with a '/'. Depending on the command, these may either be handled entirely by the client, or (generally for commands

2860-693: The logo of Shells, a company co-founded by Lee, to the Freenode website. Following criticism from staff, Dahlskjaer resigned from the leadership of Freenode, and Freenode staff elected Tom Wesley as the new head of staff. Lee allegedly removed a blog post explaining the leadership changes and, on 11 May, appointed a new person to oversee the Freenode infrastructure. Freenode staff members resigned en masse , and some published statements outlining their view of what happened and claiming that Lee had been applying legal pressure to Wesley. Lee denied these claims, and said that he had provided Freenode with millions of dollars and

2925-402: The names message used to establish initial channel state can only send one such mode per user on the channel, but multiple such modes can be set on a single user. For example, if a user holds both operator status (+o) and voice status (+v) on a channel, a new client will be unable to see the mode with less priority (i.e. voice). Workarounds for this are possible on both the client and server side;

2990-474: The new user count record was set to 57 users. In May 1993, RFC 1459 was published and details a simple protocol for client/server operation, channels, one-to-one and one-to-many conversations. A significant number of extensions like CTCP, colors and formats are not included in the protocol specifications, nor is character encoding, which led various implementations of servers and clients to diverge. Software implementation varied significantly from one network to

3055-574: The open source Libera Chat , founded in May 2021, has the most users, with 20,374 channels on 26 servers; between them, the top 100 IRC networks share over 100 thousand channels operating on about one thousand servers. After its golden era during the 1990s and early 2000s (240,000 users on QuakeNet in 2004), IRC has seen a significant decline, losing around 60% of users between 2003 and 2012, with users moving to social media platforms such as Facebook or Twitter , but also to open platforms such as XMPP which

3120-534: The other, each network implementing their own policies and standards in their own code bases. During the summer of 1994, the Undernet was itself forked. The new network was called DALnet (named after its founder: dalvenjah), formed for better user service and more user and channel protections. One of the more significant changes in DALnet was use of longer nicknames (the original ircd limit being 9 letters). DALnet ircd modifications were made by Alexei "Lefler" Kosut. DALnet

3185-497: The protocol implemented in the irc2.4.0 version of the IRC2 server, and documented in RFC 1459. Since RFC 1459 was published, the new features in the irc2.10 implementation led to the publication of several revised protocol documents (RFC 2810, RFC 2811, RFC 2812 and RFC 2813); however, these protocol changes have not been widely adopted among other implementations. Although many specifications on

3250-449: The same facilities. TKK was located in Otaniemi , Espoo. Several high-tech companies, the Finnish forest industry's joint experimental laboratory KCL, and business incubators Innopoli and Technopolis are also situated there. It is also directly adjacent to Keilaniemi , with Life Science Center and the headquarters of several notable Finnish companies, such as Nokia and Fortum . The area

3315-498: The second university to be founded in Finland. In 1955, building of the new campus area started with the housing village. In 1966, TKK moved from Helsinki to the new campus in Otaniemi, Espoo. In the past, the university was also known by the abbreviations HUT and TH , from its English language and Swedish language names, but in 2005 a decision was made to officially solely use the abbreviation TKK for branding reasons. In 2010, TKK

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3380-560: The students of the university, as is stipulated by Finnish law. It was founded in 1872. TKK was also one of the two universities in Finland to host one or more nations , a Finnish type of student corporation . The only nation at TKK was Teknologföreningen (TF) and its goal was to unite Swedish-speaking students at TKK. Teknologföreningen was founded in 1872, prior to the student union. Teknologföreningen also has its own building opposite to Dipoli called Urdsgjallar , completed in 1966. The Finnish-speaking student nation Tekniikan Ylioppilaat

3445-732: The top 100 IRC networks served more than 200,000 users at a time. IRC was created by Jarkko Oikarinen in August 1988 to replace a program called MUT (MultiUser Talk) on a BBS called OuluBox at the University of Oulu in Finland , where he was working at the Department of Information Processing Science. Jarkko intended to extend the BBS software he administered, to allow news in the Usenet style, real time discussions and similar BBS features. The first part he implemented

3510-481: The two other manufacture and handiwork schools were demoted to institutions of lower level. In 1877 the school moved to larger premises to a new building near the Hietalahdentori market square. As the proportion of matriculation diploma holders in the student intake gradually increased, the school gained more social respectability. In 1908, TKK was given university status along with its present name, thus becoming

3575-403: The underlying network, require a net-split and net-join. This results in a lot of network traffic and spurious quit/join messages to users and temporary loss of communication to users on the splitting servers. Adding a server to a large network means a large background bandwidth load on the network and a large memory load on the server. Once established, however, each message to multiple recipients

3640-591: Was assigned port 194/TCP by IANA . However, the de facto standard has always been to run IRC on 6667/TCP and nearby port numbers (for example TCP ports 6660–6669, 7000) to avoid having to run the IRCd software with root privileges . The protocol specified that characters were 8-bit but did not specify the character encoding the text was supposed to use. This can cause problems when users using different clients and/or different platforms want to converse. All client-to-server IRC protocols in use today are descended from

3705-444: Was developed in 1999. Certain networks such as Freenode have not followed the overall trend and have more than quadrupled in size during the same period. However, Freenode, which in 2016 had around 90,000 users, has since declined to about 9,300 users. The largest IRC networks have traditionally been grouped as the "Big Four" —a designation for networks that top the statistics. The Big Four networks change periodically, but due to

3770-412: Was disbanded in 1972 and its functions given to the university student union, since a separate Finnish-speaking nation in a university with an overwhelming Finnish-speaking majority was considered unnecessary. The regional Finnish-speaking nations at the University of Helsinki also accepted TKK students as members. The housing area of Otaniemi campus, known as Teekkarikylä (technology student village),

3835-514: Was entitled to Freenode's servers as the owner of Freenode Limited. Lee also accused Wesley of harassing Dahlskjaer and of attempting a "hostile takeover." After resigning from Freenode, the former staff created Libera Chat on 19 May 2021. They have described the network as a successor to Freenode, which they intend to focus around "free and open source software projects and similarly-spirited collaborative endeavours". Many major projects like Bitcoin , FrOSCon , Fedora , Ubuntu , Gentoo , FreeBSD ,

3900-446: Was merged with Helsinki School of Economics and University of Art and Design Helsinki into Aalto University . After brief existence in the new university as own institution, Aalto University School of Science and Technology , it was split into four schools, corresponding to four old faculties, School of Engineering , School of Science , School of Electrical Engineering , and Aalto University School of Chemical Technology . In 2012,

3965-417: Was owned mostly by the student union and partly by HOAS (Helsinki Student Housing Fund). The housing was characterised by the presence of foreign students of many nationalities. As of 2005, the village offered housing for approximately 2,600 students. Construction of the Otaniemi campus was started in 1950, in order for the first buildings to host the athletes of the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. Some of

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4030-554: Was the chat part, which he did with borrowed parts written by his friends Jyrki Kuoppala and Jukka Pihl. The first IRC network was running on a single server named tolsun.oulu.fi. Oikarinen found inspiration in a chat system known as Bitnet Relay , which operated on the BITNET . Jyrki Kuoppala pushed Oikarinen to ask Oulu University to free the IRC code so that it also could be run outside of Oulu, and after they finally got it released, Jyrki Kuoppala immediately installed another server. This

4095-561: Was the first "IRC network". Oikarinen got some friends at the Helsinki University of Technology and Tampere University of Technology to start running IRC servers when his number of users increased and other universities soon followed. At this time Oikarinen realized that the rest of the BBS features probably would not fit in his program. Oikarinen contacted people at the University of Denver and Oregon State University . They had their own IRC network running and wanted to connect to

4160-594: Was the one and only IRC network. Around that time IRC was used to report on the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt throughout a media blackout . It was previously used in a similar fashion during the Gulf War . Chat logs of these and other events are kept in the ibiblio archive. Another fork effort, the first that made a lasting difference, was initiated by "Wildthang" in the United States in October 1992. (It forked off

4225-499: Was thus based on the Undernet ircd server, although the DALnet pioneers were EFnet abandoners. According to James Ng, the initial DALnet people were "ops in #StarTrek sick from the constant splits/lags/takeovers/etc". DALnet quickly offered global WallOps (IRCop messages that can be seen by users who are +w (/mode NickName +w)), longer nicknames, Q:Lined nicknames (nicknames that cannot be used i.e. ChanServ, IRCop, NickServ, etc.), global K:Lines (ban of one person or an entire domain from

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