Gender self-identification or gender self-determination is the concept that a person's legal sex or gender is determined by their gender identity without any medical requirements, such as via statutory declaration .
90-473: The Ley Trans ( lit. 'Trans Law') is a 2023 law that permits gender self-identification in Spain . The law allows individuals to change their legal sex, with differing levels of approval required based on their age. People older than 16 years can solicit this change by themselves, while those aged 14 to 16 years may solicit this change only with the approval of their parents. Those aged 12 and 13 may also solicit
180-503: A 25%). This was rejected by most of the film industry and they went to strike on 18 June 2007, a strike followed by a 93% of the industry. Minister Calvo was replaced in July 2007 and her successor approved this law with big modifications in late 2007. She was one of the ministers with worst approval ratings and was replaced in July 2007 by César Antonio Molina. After leaving the Ministry, Calvo
270-512: A body of the National Justice Council published the rules to be followed by registry offices concerning the subject. As Canada is a federation, legal gender recognition procedures vary from province to province. At the federal level, Canadians can apply to have the gender marker on their passports changed via self-identification. In Québec, the legal recognition process has worked on an affidavit process since 2015. In 2021, however,
360-644: A court order to exempt them from the normal requirement to be at least 18. In late-January 2018, over 1000 Irish feminists, including several groups such as the University College Dublin Centre of Gender, Feminisms & Sexualities, signed an open letter condemning a planned meeting in Ireland on UK Gender Recognition Act reforms organised by a British group opposing the reforms. The letter stated that "Trans people and particularly trans women are an inextricable part of our feminist community" and accused
450-772: A fast, easy and inexpensive manner" and that "legislation to protect [sexual and gender minority] rights in South America have undergone fundamental and positive transformations" in the 2010s. However, the study also found that "transgender people are unable to change their gender in public records and legal documents in several Latin America and the Caribbean countries – mostly in the Caribbean and Mesoamerica." Argentina , Brazil , Chile , Colombia , Costa Rica , Ecuador and Uruguay have self-identification laws, as well as several Canadian provinces and Mexican and American states. In 2012,
540-613: A joint law proposition it would pursue if the government did not advance its trans law proposal at the Council of Ministers on 23 March 2021. This ended the strike. On 17 March 2021, the Republican Left of Catalonia , Together for Catalonia , Más País , Coalició Compromís , Canarian Coalition , and Popular Unity Candidacy parties registered the draft, composed by the Federación Plataforma Trans, of what would later become
630-493: A la libre determinación de la identidad sexual y expresión de género , was also supported by the Federación Plataforma Trans . It included the rights to The proposal provided for these rights to be without medical or psychological assessment, and without undergoing medical, surgical or other treatments. The 2019 coalition agreement of the second government of Pedro Sánchez (Spain's 14th legislature) provided for
720-454: A legal sex change with judge approval. The law does not allow people to switch to a non-binary gender , which does not exist in Spanish law. However, it does ban efforts to change people's gender expression, sexual orientation or sexual identity through conversion therapy . The Andalusian autonomous government passed a gender self-identification (self-ID) law as early as 2014. It was proposed by
810-513: A love for rock music . Subsequently, she married sociologist Manuel Pérez Yruela, former spokesperson of the Regional Government of Andalusia and researcher professor of the Institute of Social Studies of Andalusia. They divorced. She has two granddaughters. On 25 March 2020, Calvo tested positive for COVID-19 and was hospitalized with a respiratory infection during the first wave of
900-630: A low support for selfID in Sweden. Only 15% of respondents were positive and among the most critical were parents of minors still living at home. In 2021, a citizen's initiative to change the law on legal gender recognition in Finland to a basis of self-determination received 50,000 signatures and was referred to the Finnish Parliament's Committee on Social Affairs and Health. Finnish Prime Minister Sanna Marin had previously expressed support for moving to
990-465: A minimum age of 14, though those 14 through 16 need parental approval. A previous bill giving children total freedom of legal gender recognition had been rejected in May. Some LGBTQ+ campaigners criticized the new bill for having age limits and for not having provision for non-Spanish residents and non-binary identities. A collective of about 50 feminist groups opposed the bill, concerned about "protection of
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#17328510627311080-556: A modification of the Swiss Civil Code. It does not allow a change to a nonbinary gender. In Great Britain (but not Northern Ireland ), the Equality Act 2010 provides protection from discrimination under the protected characteristic of "gender re-assignment," which includes "any stage in the transition process – from proposing to reassign your gender, to undergoing a process to reassign your gender, or having completed it," This
1170-789: A new identity card within 30 days. In 2007, in the Sunil Babu Pant and Others v. Nepal Government court case on LGBT+ rights, the Supreme Court of Nepal legally established a gender category called "other". The Supreme Court stated that the criteria for identifying one's gender is based on the individual's self-identification. However, gender recognition laws in Nepal have since faced criticism, as they only allow gender markers to be changed from "M" (male) or "F" (female) to "O" (other). There are no provisions allowing transgender women to have an "F" marker or transgender men having an "M" marker. Under
1260-523: A parliamentary committee and subsequently approved by the Parliament on 13 April 2018. However, President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa vetoed the bill. Later in 2018, the Parliament adopted the bill with changes with regards to sex changes by minors aged 16 and 17, suggested by the President in his veto message. This time around, the President signed the bill on 31 July. It was published as Act No. 38/2018 in
1350-535: A proposal was developed under Theresa May 's government to revise the Act to introduce self-identification, but it was dropped in 2020 after opposition. Instead, Boris Johnson's government reduced the cost of application to £5, and the procedure to apply was moved online. In 2018, a YouGov poll for PinkNews of 1688 people across the United Kingdom found that 18% favoured self-identification, 58% said medical approval
1440-490: A psychological examination attesting that the petitioner consents the decision is required. The law took effect on 1 August 2016. The Supreme Federal Court ruled on March 1, 2018, that a transgender person has the right to change their official name and sex without the need of surgery or professional evaluation, just by self-declaration of their psychosocial identity. On June 29, the Corregedoria Nacional de Justiça,
1530-495: A report titled Only adults? Good practices in legal gender recognition for youth , written along with IGLYO , an international network of LGBT+ student and youth organizations, and the Thomson Reuters Foundation . The report examined the status of legal gender recognition for minors in several European countries, and describes itself as a "powerful tool for activists". Based on international human rights standards ,
1620-427: A requirement for a diagnosis of gender dysphoria, 80% were in favour of removing the requirement for a medical report, and 77% were in favour of removing the requirement for people to evidence living "in their acquired gender for a period of time". Carmen Calvo María del Carmen Calvo Poyato (born 9 June 1957) is a Spanish politician and author who served as Deputy Prime Minister of Spain and Minister of
1710-417: A self-ID law. However, some Socialists such as Carmen Calvo blocked the law. On 10 March 2021, Mar Cambrollé , president of the Federación Plataforma Trans, led a hunger strike of over 70 trans people and mothers of underage trans people. Two days into the strike, the parliamentary groups of Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (ERC), Más País , Candidatura d'Unitat Popular (CUP) and Compromís registered
1800-641: A self-determination system. On 1 February 2023, Finland's Parliament voted 113–69 in favor of gender self-identification. In May 2016, the Left Bloc introduced a bill to allow legal gender change solely based on self-determination. Similar bills were introduced by the People–Animals–Nature party and the Costa Government in November 2016 and May 2017, respectively. They were merged into one measure by
1890-549: A simpler procedure for obtaining an identity certificate from the district magistrate. In the present Rules, there is a single form to assert either a transgender or trans-binary status. However, a medical intervention is requisite for the latter. In November 2020, the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment launched an online portal for changes of gender marker. In the new portal, applicants are required to register an affidavit self-declaring their third gender and subsequently receive
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#17328510627311980-553: A third, non-binary gender marker on California birth certificates, drivers' licenses, and identity cards. Since 2019, transgender people can self-identify their gender and update their legal name, without approval from a judge after the approval of the Comprehensive Law for Trans Persons ( Spanish : Ley Integral Para Personas Trans ). Sex reassignment surgery , hormone therapy or any form of diagnosis are not requirements to alter one's gender on official documents. In India,
2070-570: Is a major goal of the transgender rights movement . Advocates of self-identification say that medical requirements are intrusive and humiliating gatekeeping , that they could force transgender people into undergoing surgery, and that self-identification would make it easier for transgender people to live day-to-day without prejudice. Advocates also argue that there is no evidence that such laws have caused problems in countries where they have been introduced, such as in Ireland , where self-identification
2160-426: Is also distinct from hormonal therapy or gender-affirming surgical procedures, so in the case of a change in mind, legal gender can be changed again. Others, however, are more skeptical of the law because they believe it rushes individuals into making rash decisions about their gender, leaving them no time to reflect on such an important change in their identity. Politically, the right-wing Vox party continues to oppose
2250-718: Is available in India , Nepal , Bangladesh , Colombia , Argentina , Australia , New Zealand and some American states. In April 2015, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe adopted Resolution 2048 (2015), within which "the Assembly calls on Member States to ... develop quick, transparent and accessible procedures, based on self-determination ... available for all people who seek to use them, irrespective of age, medical status, financial situation or police record". In 2015,
2340-621: Is not equivalent to gender self identification and allows providers of sex-segregated services to deny access to transgender people on a case-by-case basis of "a proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim". In 2016, the House of Commons ' Women and Equalities Committee issued a report recommending that the Gender Recognition Act 2004 be updated "in line with the principles of gender self-declaration". Later in 2016, in England and Wales ,
2430-661: The 2011 general election due to her disagreement with the choice to put Rosa Aguilar at the top of the electoral list in Córdoba . She returned to her post as professor of constitutional law in the University of Córdoba . She later gained the confidence of Secretary-General of the Socialist Party Pedro Sánchez and in 2017 he appointed her Secretary for Equality of the Socialist Workers' Party . On 5 June 2018 it
2520-583: The 2021 German federal election , the new government , a traffic light coalition led by the Social Democratic Party and with the Free Democratic Party and The Greens , announced plans to introduce legal gender recognition via self-declaration as part of the coalition agreement. The government formally proposed a self-determination bill in June 2022. In April 2024, Germany 's parliament passed
2610-664: The Asociación de Transexuales de Andalucía (ATA) Sylvia Rivera . 15 other Spanish autonomous communities passed self-ID laws before the Ley Trans was passed on the national level. On the national level, the political confederation of Unidas Podemos , En Comú Podem , and En Marea on 23 February 2018 made a legal proposal for a self-ID law in the Spanish lower house, the Congress of Deputies . The proposal, titled Proposición de Ley sobre la protección jurídica de las personas trans y el derecho
2700-579: The Conservative -led Solberg Government in Norway introduced the Gender Recognition Act which allows legal gender changes without psychiatric or psychological evaluation, diagnosis or medical intervention, by people aged at least 16. Minors aged between 6 and 16 may transition with parental consent. The bill was approved by a vote of 79–13 by Parliament on 6 June, supported by the Conservative Party ,
2790-460: The Gender Recognition Act 2015 which permits an Irish citizen to change their gender on government documents through self-determination. The law does not require any medical intervention by the applicant nor an assessment by the state. Such changes are possible through self-determination for any person aged 18 or over who is ordinarily resident in Ireland and/or registered on Irish registers of birth or adoption. Persons aged 16 to 18 years must secure
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2880-757: The Labour Party , the Progress Party , the Liberal Party , the Socialist Left Party and the Green Party . It was promulgated on 17 June and took effect on 1 July 2016. The act was hailed as an important milestone for LGBTIQ+ rights by LGBTIQ+ rights organizations such as the Norwegian Organisation for Sexual and Gender Diversity , by Amnesty International and by the feminist movement, notably by
2970-955: The Legislative Assembly of Mexico City unanimously (46–0) approved a gender identity law. The law makes it easier for transgender people to change their legal gender. Under the new law, they simply have to notify the Civil Registry that they wish to change the gender information on their birth certificates. Sex reassignment surgery , psychological therapies or any other type of diagnosis are no longer required. The law took effect in early 2015. As of November 2024, 22 other states have followed suit. These states include: Michoacán (2017), Nayarit (2017), Coahuila (2018), Hidalgo (2019), San Luis Potosí (2019), Colima (2019), Oaxaca (2019), Tlaxcala (2019), Chihuahua (2019), Sonora (2020), Jalisco (2020), Quintana Roo (2020), Puebla (2021), Baja California Sur (2021),
3060-571: The Ley de Género made Argentina the "only country that allows people to change their gender identities without facing barriers such as hormone therapy , surgery or psychiatric diagnosis that labels them as having an abnormality". In 2015, the World Health Organization cited Argentina as an exemplary country for providing transgender rights. A 2018 paper in the Journal of Human Rights analyzing
3150-774: The Museo Picasso Málaga of contemporary art in 2003, she negotiated the Andalusian Pact for the Book —a pact for supporting and promoting of reading— and she carried out important investments to reform churches, libraries and theatres —like Maestranza Theatre of Seville — as well as developing the Quality Plan for the Museums of Andalusia —which included the enlargement of the Archelogic Museum of Córdoba. In 2004 Calvo debuted in
3240-623: The Norwegian Association for Women's Rights . In 2019, Icelandic Prime Minister Katrín Jakobsdóttir proposed a bill to introduce gender recognition via statutory declaration in the country. The bill was passed by the Althing by a vote of 45–0, with three abstentions. In 2015, the Löfven Government in Sweden introduced a bill allowing legal gender change without any form of psychiatric or psychological evaluation as well as removing
3330-715: The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights stated that "abusive requirements as a precondition of recognition — for example, by requiring ... forced gender reassignment and other medical procedures" are "in violation of international human rights standards" and in 2018, Victor Madrigal-Borloz , the United Nations Independent Expert on Protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity , stated that "the right to self-determine one's gender
3420-531: The Selbstbestimmungsgesetz which permits a German citizen to change their gender on government documents through self-determination. The law entered into force in November 2024. Persons aged 16 to 18 years can change their gender on government documents in the presence of their parents. For persons under 16, the parents can change the gender entry of their child. On 15 July 2015, the Oireachtas passed
3510-596: The State of Mexico (2021) Morelos (2021), Baja California (2022), Sinaloa (2022), Zacatecas (2022), Yucatán (2024), and Campeche (2024) As the United States is a federation, legal gender recognition laws vary from state to state. As of July 2021, 21 states (as well as the District of Columbia ) allow the gender marker on drivers licences to be updated on a self-declaration basis and as of April 2020, 10 states allow
3600-785: The Supreme Court affirmed the right to self-determination in two 2014 cases. The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 recognizes the right to self-perceived gender identity, thus allowing transgender people to register themselves under a third gender ( transgender ). Applications must be made to the District Magistrate, who can issue a certificate of identity as a Transgender Person and update all documents (Section 5-6). However, identification as male or female can only be issued once proof of gender confirmation surgery or medical intervention (Section 7). The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Rules, 2020, lays down
3690-605: The Transgender Person (Protection of Rights) Act 2018 ( Urdu : مُتَجَنَّس افراد کے لیے (تحفظ حقوق) قانون 2018ء ), Pakistanis may choose to self-identify as male, female, both or neither. They may express their gender according to their own preferences, and they may have their gender identity of choice reflected on their documents, "including National Identification Cards, passports, driver's licenses and education certificates." As of November 2024, 12 countries have legal gender recognition procedures based on self-determination of
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3780-620: The United Kingdom . Within countries organized as federations, such as Australia , Canada and Mexico , legal gender recognition may principally fall under sub-national jurisdiction, and may vary from province to province. Within a single jurisdiction, legal gender recognition procedures can be different for different documents, such as birth certificates or passports, and is not always the sole determinant of gender recognition in day-to-day life, such as in healthcare, access to facilities, or in personal relations. Third gender self-determination
3870-615: The 2017 ND v Attorney General of Botswana and Another case, the High Court of Botswana ruled that the government should "ensure that procedures exist whereby all State-issued identity documents which indicate a person’s gender/sex reflect the person’s self-identified gender identity." A 2018 study in BMC International Health and Human Rights found that "the majority of countries from South America allow their transgender citizens to change name and gender in legal documents with
3960-570: The Belgian federal parliament passed a law allowing people to change their legal gender via statutory declaration, without any medical intervention being required. To do so, a person must first sign a statutory declaration in front of a civil officer and then wait three months before second statutory declaration confirming the change. In 2019, a bill was drafted to allow transgender people to change their legal sex. The legislation would allow transgender people over 18 to right to change their legal gender on
4050-572: The British group of colonialism. Applicants can change their official documents by simply filing an affidavit with a notary, eliminating any requirement for medical gender reassignment procedures under the Gender Identity, Gender Expression and Sex Characteristics Act ( Maltese : Att dwar l-Identità tal-Ġeneru, l-Espressjoni tal-Ġeneru u l-Karatteristiċi tas-Sess ), enacted in April 2015. In June 2014,
4140-626: The Coalition Avenir Québec government introduced Bill 2 , which would re-introduce a requirement for surgical procedures. After that provision provoked heavy controversy, Québec Minister of Justice Simon Jolin-Barrette announced that he would be withdrawing that requirement from the bill. In 2017, Newfoundland and Labrador abolished the medical letter requirement, moving to a self-declaration process. In 2018, Alberta changed its legal gender recognition laws to allow people to self-declare their legal gender through an affidavit , eliminating
4230-652: The Congress on 16 February 2023. It was made law with 191 votes in favour, 60 against, and 91 abstentions. The Ley Trans was the first of its kind to be passed and enacted in the European Union and stands as a controversial issue in the public opinion. Proponents of this law argue that 16 year olds in Spain already have the right to work, be sexually active, and get an abortion if needed. Thus, being able to change one's gender should legally also be possible. The legal changing of gender
4320-431: The Danish Parliament voted 59–52 to remove the requirement of a mental disorder diagnosis and surgery with irreversible sterilization during the process of a legal sex change. Since 1 September 2014, Danes over 18 years of age who wish to apply for a legal sex change can do so by stating that they want to change their documentation, followed by a six-month-long "reflection period" to confirm the request. On 18 March 2016,
4410-415: The Ley Trans and seeks its repeal. The Vox July 2023 Electoral Program reinforces opposition to hormonal treatments and sex change surgery for minors and argues the alleged unconstitutionality of the Ley Trans. This opposition puts the ongoing 2023 Spanish government Formation under scrutiny, since some fear a Vox prime minister would roll back laws like Ley Trans. Gender self-identification It
4500-473: The Ley Trans: the Proposición de Ley para la igualdad real y efectiva de las personas trans. The next day, on 18 March 2021, the draft was refused treatment by a vote with No votes coming from right-wing parties Vox and Partido Popular , and abstention from the Socialist Workers' Party. This refusal led the Federación Plataforma Trans to renew its call for unblocking the legal process and a boycott of Madrid Pride if no progress could be reached. It also led to
4590-482: The Presidency from 2018 to 2021. Born and raised in Cabra, Spain , she attended the University of Seville and the University of Córdoba ; she holds a doctorate in constitutional law from the latter institution. She was Regional Minister of Culture of Andalusia between 1996 and 2004. She also served between 2004 and 2007 as Minister of Culture in the government of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero . From June 2017 to October 2021, she served as Secretary of Equality of
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#17328510627314680-458: The Socialist Party. She has published several books about feminism and gender equality. Calvo's primary studies were carried out at a Catholic school and her high school studies at the Aguilar and Eslava High School in the province of Córdoba . She studied law at the University of Seville and got her doctorate in constitutional law in the University of Córdoba . Calvo took a leave of absence from being professor of constitutional law at
4770-444: The University of Córdoba. At the university, she was Secretary General and vice-dean of the Faculty of Law between 1990 and 1994. From 1992 to 1996 she was secretary of the Andalusian Interuniversity Institute of Criminology. Calvo entered politics in the 1990s, when she was appointed Counselor of the Economic and Social Council of Córdoba between 1994 and 1996. She joined the Socialist Workers' Party in 1999. In April 1996, Calvo
4860-516: The ability to change their legal gender. In November 2020, refugee claimants became able to change their legal gender federally. In March 2021, temporary residents were afforded the same right (without requiring a change to their passport). Since 2019, the Gender Identity Law (21,120) recognizes the right to self-perceived gender identity , allowing transgender people over 14 years to change their name and gender on all official documents without prohibitive requirements. For persons over 18 years of age,
4950-446: The basis of self-determination, without a diagnosis, hormonal treatment or sex reassignment surgery . As of October 2021, the bill was still in draft status. In June 2021, Germany 's parliament voted down two self-identification bills. One of the bills also permitted sex reassignment surgery on children starting at age 14 regardless of parental objection and would have introduced a fine of €2,500 for misgendering . Following
5040-411: The big screen with director José Luis García Sánchez with a short role in the movie María querida . In January 2004, she made the leap to national politics when the Secretary-General of the Socialist Workers' Party, Zapatero, created a "committee of notables" to advise him on his run to the premiership and appointed her a member of that committee. In the Spanish general election in March 2004, she
5130-421: The bill returned to the Council of Ministers and was approved, thus becoming an official legal project. This was the final, polished version and was more liberal compared to the original draft: gender self-identification was to be possible from 14 years with parental or guardian consent, and freely from 16 years. A gender change from 12 to 14 years of age was to be possible with judicial authorization only. The bill
5220-454: The bill. The Sweden Democrats said they would oppose the bill, while the Moderate Party and the Christian Democrats said they would wait until the bill was formally tabled in Parliament to decide their position. A 2021 study by Sifo and commissioned by RFSL found that 61% of Swedes supported moving to a system of self-declaration, with 71% of women and 51% of men in support of the change. A more recent poll by Fokus Novus however, showed
5310-513: The change is requested by submitting a request to the Civil Registry and Identification Service , without being required to prove hormone replacement therapy, undergo sex reassignment surgery or any medical requirements. Children under 18 and over 14 years old must complete the process before family courts and have the permission and support of their representatives. Although the request for minors does not include medical reports, it does require that it have to be accompanied by background information on
5400-423: The documents and internal records of transgender people who wish to have their name, photograph or sex changed according to self-declaration. The decree applies to passports, driving licenses, ID documents, work permits, university identification, etc. In December 2018, Alvarado signed another executive order extending this right to immigrants . Since 2016, Ecuadorians are allowed to change their “sex” marker in
5490-427: The exclusion of Carmen Calvo, a member of the Socialist Party who opposed the draft, from the parliamentary negotiations. On 29 June 2021, the Ministry of Equality presented to the Council of Ministers its draft for the Ley Trans. The document allowed for individuals over 16 years old to independently file for a change in legal sex without the need for a psychiatric report, as was required previously. On 27 June 2022,
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#17328510627315580-462: The factors that lead to the creation of the law found that "more institutionalized group played a major role in getting the issue on the agenda, while a more radical challenger coalition was crucial in developing and advancing the ground-breaking content." The Gender Identity law allows individuals over 18 to legally change their name, gender and photography on legal documents. No surgeries, hormone therapy or judicial order are required, nevertheless,
5670-427: The first country in Europe to do so, Calvo notably was one of three PSOE lawmakers's who abstained from the vote in February 2023. Calvo is the sister of the politician and writer José Calvo Poyato [ es ] , former MP of the Parliament of Andalusia and former Mayor of Cabra. At the age of 19, she married her childhood sweetheart, with whom she had a daughter at the age of 22. She and her daughter share
5760-479: The gender marker on birth certificates to be updated on a self-declaration basis. At the federal level, since June 2021, the gender marker on passports operates on a system of gender self-identification. In 2017, the California state legislature passed California's Gender Recognition Act (SB 179), removing the requirements for a physician's statement and mandatory court hearing for gender change petitions, allowing change based on an affidavit. The Act also implemented
5850-427: The introduction of gender self-identification (self-ID). The coalition was formed by a triple alliance of Unidas Podemos , En Comú Podem (which co-sponsored the previous proposal), and Galicia en Común , and the Socialist Workers' Party , which received the most seats of the four parties. In 2020, at the beginning of the legislative period, the Ministry of Equality led by Irene Montero stated that it would develop
5940-406: The most successful techniques included targeting younger politicians and political parties' youth wings, emphasizing the depathologization and human rights aspects of reform, the use of individuals' stories to humanize the campaign, intervening early in the political process, and strong collaboration between groups. Although there is no current legislation on legal gender recognition in Botswana, in
6030-425: The official journal on 7 August 2018 and took effect the next day on 8 August. Spain passed gender self-identification in February 2023, via the Ley Trans passed by the Congress of Deputies . The draft had been in the making since 2021, as a part of a political agreement between the Socialist Party and its junior coalition partner Unidas Podemos , En Comú Podem , and Galicia en Común . It set
6120-561: The person: Belgium , Denmark , Finland , Germany , Iceland , Ireland , Luxembourg , Malta , Norway , Portugal , Spain and Switzerland . In France and Greece a court permission is required. In 2014, Amnesty International stated that "many transgender people in Europe continue to struggle to have their gender legally recognised" and that trans people "should be able to obtain legal gender recognition through quick, accessible and transparent procedures and in accordance with their own perceptions of gender identity." In 2017,
6210-437: The personal identity document for a “gender” marker as masculine or feminine. The person who wants to change the word "sex" for "gender" in the identity card shall present two witnesses to accredit the self-determination of the applicant. To change the “sex” marker in the civil registry, they must have a judicial order. As Mexico is a federation, legal gender recognition procedures vary from state to state. On 13 November 2014,
6300-434: The process by which adults over 18 can legally change their gender. The decree, signed by the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of the Interior , says the gender change is justified by a person's individual choice; it eliminates the requirement for psychiatric or physical examinations. In 2016, a bill allowing transgender people to legally change their name and gender without the need for surgery or judicial permission
6390-457: The psychosocial and family context. The Law guarantees as basic principles non-pathologization, non-arbitrary discrimination, confidentiality, dignity in treatment, the best interests of the child and progressive autonomy. Since 2015, transgender people may change their legal gender and name manifesting their solemn will before a notary, no surgeries or judicial order required. The Colombian Government issued Decree 1227 on June 4, 2015, to simplify
6480-404: The report argued that people under the age of 18 should have the right to legal gender recognition based on self-declaration, that a third gender marker should be recognized, that trans healthcare should be publicly accessible, and that discrimination based on gender identity should be illegal. The report also examined campaigns to reform legal gender recognition laws in those countries, arguing that
6570-725: The report, Amnesty argued that many European countries had legal gender recognition laws that were based on stereotypical gender norms and that violated individuals' rights to "private and family life, to recognition before the law, to highest attainable standard of health and to be free from cruel, inhuman and degrading treatments without discrimination on grounds of gender identity and expression." The report further argued that "transgender people should be able to obtain legal gender recognition through quick, accessible and transparent procedures and in accordance with their own perceptions of gender identity." To mark Transgender Awareness Week in November 2019, multinational law firm Dentons produced
6660-524: The requirement for a letter from a psychiatrist. In 2019, Nova Scotia moved to an affidavit process, eliminating the medical letter requirement. In 2022, British Columbia eliminated the medical letter requirement for legal gender changes for adults. There still remains barriers to legal gender recognition for people born outside of Canada. As of October 2021, half of the provinces (Alberta, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, Ontario, and Saskatchewan), and all territories, do not offer anyone not born there
6750-533: The requirement of a diagnosis or any kind of medical intervention. However, the proposals than stagnated in early draft form for several years. In November 2021, the Swedish government announced that it had prepared a new draft bill that would implement self-determination by 2024. The Green Party said that they would vote in favour of the bill, while the Centre Party , Left Party , and Liberals expressed support for
6840-583: The sentence, the High Court of Justice of Navarre confirmed the sentence of the provincial court. In November 2018, Calvo also proposed to amend to the Constitution to exclude some words that can be considered offensive for disabled people and to create a constitutional mandate that specifically protects disabled women. In October 2019, she was an outspoken proponent of exhuming the remains of Francisco Franco from Valle de los Caídos . On 13 January 2020 she
6930-613: The specific rights against gender-based oppression". In May 2018, the Federal Council proposed amending Swiss legislation to allow transgender individuals to change their registered gender and first name(s) without " red tape ", simply by making a declaration to civil status registry officials. In late 2020, the bill was passed by the Swiss Parliament, with all individuals over the age 16 allowed legal gender recognition via self-declaration from 1 January 2022. The bill consisted in
7020-614: The wake of the La Manada rape case . In this so-called "wolf pack" case in which a group of men attacked an 18 year old woman, the Provincial Court of Navarre convicted the men of sexual abuse —nine years in prison— and not for sexual assault or rape —that would mean at least 20 years. The Court's decision provoked widespread social unrest. Calvo proposed a reform of the Criminal Code to include explicit sexual consent . After appealing
7110-486: Was a fundamental part of a person's freedom and a cornerstone of the person's identity" and that states' obligations included "adopting legal measures such as being based on self-determination [and] ensuring that minors have access to recognition of their gender identity". In 2014, Amnesty International released a report titled The state decides who I am: Lack of Legal Gender Recognition For Transgender People in Europe . In
7200-565: Was announced that Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez would appoint Calvo as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Presidency, Relations with the Cortes and Equality . This was the first time that the Ministry of the Presidency also took the equality portfolio. She was sworn in before the King at Palace of Zarzuela on 7 June 2018. During her term, Calvo focused on gender-based violence , especially in
7290-616: Was appointed Minister of Culture of the Regional Government of Andalusia under the presidency of Manuel Chaves . Having joined the Socialist Workers' Party in 1999, she was elected MP for Córdoba in the Parliament of Andalusia in 2000. She was in office between her appointment in 1996 until her appointment as Culture Minister of the Government of Spain . During her eight-years-term as Regional Minister of Culture, Calvo inaugurated
7380-567: Was approved at first reading on 21 December 2022, with 188 votes in favor, 150 opposed, and 7 abstentions. The abstentions included Carmen Calvo , and three other Socialist Workers' Party deputies. The Spanish upper house, the Senate, debated the law from 20 January 2023. The Socialist Workers' Union reaffirmed its intention not to request modifications to the law. The law passed the Senate on 9 February 2023 with 144 Yes votes, 108 No votes, and 2 abstentions. The Ley Trans passed its final voting phase in
7470-660: Was criticised by music industry officials for her statement that intellectual property is "not an absolute right". Her decision to transfer documents from the General Archive of the Spanish Civil War to the Autonomous community of Catalonia was controversial. Because of the bad results of the previous year in the Spanish cinema , in 2007 Calvo presented a draft law that forces the movie theaters to shown European films (at least
7560-571: Was elected First Vice President of the Congress of Deputies , a position she held until the end of the congressional session. In the 2008 general election , Calvo was re-elected MP for Córdoba and was appointed Chair of the Congress Committee on Equality, as well as becoming a member of the Congress Committee on Defence and Committee on Comprehensive Disability Policies. She also presided over two subcommittees, one on abortion and other about gender violence. Calvo did not run for re-election in
7650-438: Was elected to the Congress of Deputies , representing Córdoba . She was subsequently appointed Minister of Culture in April by the new Prime Minister of Spain , José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero . As Minister of Culture, Calvo was an outspoken opponent of copyright piracy , and in 2005 her department spent around one million euros on a campaign to educate the public about the importance of intellectual property . However, she
7740-657: Was introduced in 2015. Self-identification is opposed by some feminists , who consider safety in places like refuges and prisons, and fairness in sports , to be adversely affected. As of November 2024, gender self-identification, where no judge or medical expert are involved, is part of the law in 21 countries: Argentina , Belgium , Brazil , Chile , Colombia , Costa Rica , Denmark , Ecuador , Finland , Germany , Iceland , Ireland , Luxembourg , Malta , New Zealand , Norway , Pakistan , Portugal , Spain , Switzerland and Uruguay . Proposals to introduce it have proved controversial in some countries, such as
7830-620: Was introduced to the Legislative Assembly. In June 2017, the bill advanced to the Human Rights Committee, and the Supreme Electoral Tribunal endorsed the bill, but it was ultimately unsuccessful. Following a January 2018 Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruling and the 2018 Costa Rican general election , President Carlos Alvarado Quesada issued an executive decree requiring all state institutions to modify
7920-401: Was needed, with the remainder undecided. A 2018 government consultation received 102,833 submissions from the public; of these, 39% were submitted via an online form set up by equality charity Stonewall , 7% via a form set up by feminist organisation Level Up, and 18% from a form set up by women's campaign group Fair Play for Women . Out of these submissions, 64% said that there should not be
8010-513: Was normalizing relations and stop the tremendous confrontation provoked by independentism, the Spanish right and stabilize the situation". In 2022, a report was issued that claimed that President Sánchez offered Calvo the position of President of the Council of State after dismissing her as Vice President of the Government. When the Spanish parliament approved the creation of a sick leave for women suffering from incapacitating periods, becoming
8100-517: Was sworn in again as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Presidency in the Sánchez Second Cabinet , losing the Ministry of Equality in favor of Irene Montero . In June 2021, Calvo reaffirmed during an interview with La Vanguardia that the pardons of Catalonian independence politicians were near and asked the People's Party not to "confront Catalonia (because) the only alternative
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