Lemgo ( German pronunciation: [ˈlɛmɡoː] ; Low German : Lemge, Lemje ) is a University and Old Hanseatic town in the Lippe district of North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany .
59-725: It is situated between the Teutoburg Forest and the Weser Uplands , 25 km east of Bielefeld and 70 km west of Hannover . Lemgo is the oldest town in the former principality of Lippe and has a population of c. 45,000 and belongs to the OWL region, which is one of the most important cluster regions for mechanical engineering and industrial electronics in Germany. In 2017 the German Internet portal reisereporter.de placed Lemgo among
118-664: A length of 52 m (171 ft). Historically speaking, this building is considered to be the most precious possession of the town. It was the starting point of the Protestant Reformation in Bielefeld in 1553. A valuable wing-altar with 13 pictures, known as the Marienaltar is also kept inside. The baroque spires were destroyed in World War II and later replaced by two unusually-shaped "Gothic" clocktowers. The altarpiece of
177-713: A minor member of the Hanseatic League , known for bleachfields into the 19th century. Bielefeld was part of the Kingdom of Westphalia when it was created in 1807. In 1815 it was incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia following the defeat of France and the Congress of Vienna . After the Cologne-Minden railway opened in 1849 , the Bozi brothers constructed the first large mechanised spinning mill in 1851. The Ravensberg Spinning Mill
236-464: A moat and stands on the foundation walls of one of the largest medieval castles in Northern Germany. The striking tower makes it the widely visible landmark of the old Hanseatic town Lemgo. The buildings in the immediate vicinity of the castle still convey an impressive picture of an early-modern residence, which includes the domain, three historic mills and a wash house. In the historic city center
295-558: A municipal theatre, and finally, the Rudolf-Oetker-Halle concert hall, renowned for its excellent acoustics. The Dürkopp car was produced 1898–1927 . After printing emergency money ( German : Notgeld ) in 1923 during the inflation in the Weimar Republic , Bielefeld was one of several towns that printed very attractive and highly collectable banknotes with designs on silk , linen and velvet . These pieces were issued by
354-412: A number of merchants' houses from late gothic and renaissance have survived. Here you will find half-timbered and stone houses with ornate gables, for example the "Neustädter Twins" and the former Adlerhof. Architectural research has shown that the houses Mittelstraße 54 and 56 (near the market square) have even more parts of the building from the 13th century on their back fronts and thus the rare case from
413-483: A reminder of the time when the city gained importance through the production of linen , with the traditional crafts of spinning and weaving, and its high-quality linen became known worldwide, characterised by its own seal of quality. The Old City Hall ( Altes Rathaus ) was built in 1904 and still serves the same function. Its façade reflects the so-called Weserrenaissance and features elements of various architectural styles , including Gothic and Renaissance . Though
472-512: A small airstrip, Flugplatz Bielefeld, in the Senne district but is mainly served by the three larger airports nearby, Paderborn Lippstadt Airport , Münster Osnabrück Airport and Hannover Airport . Bielefeld boasts a well-developed public transport system, served mainly by the companies moBiel (formerly Stadtwerke Bielefeld – Verkehrsbetriebe ) and "BVO". The Bielefeld Stadtbahn has four major lines and regional trains connect different parts of
531-505: Is Pit Clausen of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), who was elected in 2009 and re-elected in 2014 and 2020. The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, with a runoff held on 27 September, and the results were as follows: The Bielefeld city council governs the city alongside the mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows: Two major autobahns ,
590-646: Is a functioning watermill with an attached mill museum. The Weser Renaissance Museum Schloss Brake shows examples of art, culture and life at the time of the Weser Renaissance. The documentation and meeting place Frenkelhaus shows a permanent exhibition on the history of the Jews in Lemgo. The most famous house in Lemgo is the so-called Hexenbürgermeisterhaus from 1571 with a facade in the style of Weser Renaissance . Its unusual name comes from its mayor Cothmann, who officiated in
649-559: Is a range of low, forested hills in the German states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia . Until the 17th century, the official name of the hill ridge was Osning . It was first renamed the Teutoburg Forest in 1616 in commemoration of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in 9 AD, which most likely took place at Kalkriese instead. The Teutoburg Forest is a peripheral section in
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#1732852709155708-462: Is situated on the Hermannsweg , a hiking trail which runs for 156 km along the length of the Teutoburg Forest. Bielefeld is home to a significant number of internationally operating companies, including Dr. Oetker , DMG Mori (former Gildemeister), Möller Group , Goldbeck and Schüco . It has a university and several technical colleges ( Fachhochschulen ). Bielefeld is also known for
767-399: Is the result of renovations and extensions. After 1190, Lord Bernhard II of Lippe had built a stone castle. Their dimensions were similar to those of today's castle. In 1306 "castrum brac" was first mentioned. It was the preferred seat of the noble lords (from 1528 counts) of Lippe. In 1587 it was extended as a residence of the counts of Lippe in the style of the renaissance. It is surrounded by
826-584: The A ;2 and A 33 , intersect in the south east of Bielefeld. The Ostwestfalendamm expressway connects the two parts of the city, naturally divided by the Teutoburg Forest. Bielefeld Hauptbahnhof , the main railway station of Bielefeld, is on the Hamm–Minden railway and is part of the German ICE high-speed railroad system. The main station for intercity bus services is Brackwede station . Bielefeld has
885-560: The Battle of Vlotho occurred, about 11 miles from Lemgo. Lippe's Lutheran minority, mostly domiciled in Lemgo, only joined the else Reformed Church of Lippe in 1882, however, retaining its Confession of Augsburg with the Lutheran congregations forming a separate classis within the Lippe church since 1888. From 1947 until 1993, Lemgo hosted successive infantry battalions of the British Army,
944-642: The Bethel Institution and the Evangelisches Johanneswerk . Other important cultural sights of the region are the art museum (Kunsthalle) , the Rudolf-Oetker-Halle concert hall, and the city's municipal botanical garden ( Botanischer Garten Bielefeld ). Bielefeld is home to the widely known Bielefelder Kinderchor , founded in 1932 by Friedrich Oberschelp as the first mixed children's choir in Germany. It became famous for its recordings and concerts of traditional German Christmas carols, filling
1003-404: The Bethel Institution . Holy Roman Empire 1214– Hanseatic League 14th century– Berg (state) 1346– Margraviate of Brandenburg 1614– Minden-Ravensberg 1719–1807 Kingdom of Westphalia Kingdom of Prussia ( Province of Westphalia ) 1815– Founded in 1214 by Count Hermann IV of Ravensberg to guard a pass crossing the Teutoburg Forest , Bielefeld was the "city of linen " as
1062-476: The IoT Living Lab LemGO Digital as a reference platform for the digital transformation of small and medium sized towns . The next international airports are Paderborn Lippstadt Airport 50 km to the south, Hannover Airport 70 km to the northeast, Münster/Osnabrück 85 km to the west and Dortmund Airport 105 km to the southwest. A railway connection is served every hour by
1121-513: The Reformation the city of Lemgo adopted Lutheranism in 1522, whereas otherwise in Lippe , its spread was hampered until 1533 by the opposition of the then Catholic ruling Counts of Lippe. In 1605 Simon VI, Count of Lippe adopted Calvinism and demanded the conversion of Lemgo's citizens too using his monarchic privilege of cuius regio, eius religio . This led to a dispute with Lemgo. The city defied
1180-619: The Second World War . Lieutenant Ralph Elliott of the Manchester Regiment – a noted Australian scholar in later life – was severely wounded in combat in the Teutoburg Forest, and nearly died before being rescued several hours later. The Teutoburg Forest is composed of two separate nature parks : Arminius (also known as Hermann the Cherusker ), leader of the Germanic tribes during
1239-746: The 15th to the 19th century, especially in the old town. TBV Lemgo is one the country's best handball clubs, and multiple previous league , Cup and Supercup champions as well as winning the European Cup Winner's Cup in 1996 and the European Cup in 2006. Lemgo is twinned with: Hörstmar County Primary School in Lemgo has a twin school in Holme on Spalding Moor since 1989. Teutoburg Forest The Teutoburg Forest ( / ˈ tj uː t ə b ɜːr ɡ / TEW -tə-burg ; German : Teutoburger Wald [ˈtɔʏtoˌbʊʁɡɐ ˈvalt] )
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#17328527091551298-453: The 17th and 18th centuries. On the right part of the facade is a bay window on consoles. The facade above is divided by half-columns and cornices. The town hall in the style of the Weser Renaissance, which was included in the UNESCO list of works of European renown, consists of parts built at different times. Such a genesis is not uncommon for large secular buildings such as town halls, because of
1357-545: The 17th century, who, out of lust for power, used the antagonism against witchcraft - an integral part of the Christian faith - to clear his political opponents out of the field. To make this clear, he had several dozen other citizens killed, both women and men. On the façade below there is a wide, richly-perforated zone of stems called 'Utluchten', a term also rarely used in specialist literature. The most typical examples were Renaissance stone buildings and half-timbered building from
1416-582: The Bielefeld Stadtsparkasse (town's savings bank) and were sent all around the world in the early 1920s. These pieces are known as Stoffgeld – that is, money made from fabric. The town's synagogue was burned in 1938 during the Kristallnacht pogrom carried out against Jewish population. In 1944, Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses of the USAAF bombed the gas works at Bielefeld on 20 September and
1475-623: The Bielefeld church Neustädter Marienkirche from around 1400 is among the most prominent masterpieces of artwork of the German Middle Ages. Two of the altarpieces, The Flagellation and The Crucifixion are now in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York . Bielefeld is also the seat of the two largest Protestant social welfare establishments ( Diakonie ) in Europe ,
1534-576: The Council Chamber, including the Court Arbor. Such open ground floors belong mostly to medieval town halls, because there took place the public court hearings. Such open ground floors belong mostly to medieval town halls, because there took place the public court hearings. The most recent members of the Weser Renaissance are from the 15th and 16th centuries. The Apothecary's Corner is a showpiece with equally strict and playful language of form. Similarly in
1593-606: The OWL region. The Innovation Campus Lemgo is a district for the digital economy, which connects existing and new actors throughout the innovation chain education – research – business. The campus forms one of the three regional centers in the technology cluster Intelligent Technical Systems Ostwestfalen-Lippe (it's OWL). There are more than 8,500 people on the innovation campus on weekdays, including around 3,600 students, 4,100 pupils, 500 academic and 250 other employees. Beginning of 2018, Fraunhofer Institute in Lemgo and partners started
1652-640: The RB 73 The Lipperländer to Bielefeld main station. With Lemgo-Lüttfeld railway station the Innovation Campus Lemgo has its own station. The next motor highway is the Bundesautobahn 2 (A2), which runs only 9 kilometers west of Lemgo and can be used via the exit Ostwestfalen-Lippe/Lemgo. Lemgo's historic centre survived the Second World War completely undestroyed. Thus, the overall urban character with
1711-465: The Rudolf-Oetker-Halle several times each season. Foreign tours have taken the choir to many European countries, and also the U.S. and Japan. On Hünenburg there is an observation tower , next to a 164-metre-high (538 ft) radio tower . Bielefeld is home to the professional football team DSC Arminia Bielefeld . Currently a member of 3. Liga in the 2023-24 season , the club plays at
1770-669: The Southern Teutoburg Forest is the Velmerstot (468 m or 1,535 ft) south of Horn-Bad Meinberg . In the Northern Teutoburg Forest the highest elevation is the Dörenberg (331 m or 1,086 ft) north of Bad Iburg . The river Ems has its source at the western base of the southernmost portion of the Teutoburg Forest. The southern half of the range, situated about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of
1829-416: The Teutoburg Forest were incorporated. Starting in 1994, the city has been featured in the humorous Bielefeld conspiracy which satirises conspiracy theories by claiming that the city does not exist. Bielefeld is subdivided into the following ten (10) districts: Bielefeld has an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ; Trewartha : Dobk ). The average annual high temperature is 14.6 °C (58.3 °F),
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1888-743: The Theological Seminary Bethel ( Kirchliche Hochschule Bethel ) and the Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences ( German : Hochschule Bielefeld ), which offers 21 courses in 8 different departments (agriculture and engineering are in Minden ) and has been internationally recognized for its photography school. Bielefeld has several vocational schools like Berufskolleg Senne. and Berufskolleg Bethel These schools focus on hands-on training in various fields, including business, healthcare, and technical disciplines. The current mayor of Bielefeld
1947-620: The Weser valley, is part of the watershed between the Ems basin in the west and the Weser basin in the east. The drainage towards the Weser is affected by the Werre river. The northwestern half of the range is drained to the river Ems on both sides. The neighboring landscapes are the Westphalian Lowland in the west, Hase valley in the north, the hilly Ravensberg Basin in the northeast, Lippe Uplands in
2006-447: The annual low temperature is 5.4 °C (41.7 °F), and the annual precipitation is 866.4 millimetres (34.11 inches). The Alzey weather station has recorded the following extreme values: Bielefeld was a linen-producing town, and in the early 1920s the Town's Savings Bank (Stadtsparkasse) issued money made of linen, silk and velvet. These items were known as 'stoffgeld'. In addition to
2065-571: The battle, became something of a legend for his overwhelming victory over the Romans. During the period of national renaissance in the wake of the Napoleonic wars , German people saw him as an early protagonist of German resistance to foreign rule and a symbol of national unity. A monumental statue of Arminius commemorating the battle, known as the Hermannsdenkmal (the "Hermann monument"), was erected on
2124-554: The beginning of the 14th century. The church was damaged in World War II and later rebuilt. Three times a day, a carillon can be heard. The most valuable treasure of this church is a carved altar from Antwerp , decorated with 250 figures. A small museum housed within illustrates the history of the church up to World War II. The largest church is the Neustädter Marienkirche , a Gothic hall church dating back to 1293, completed 1512. It stands 78 m (256 ft) tall and has
2183-665: The city in April 1945. Due to the presence of a number of barracks built during the 1930s and its location next to the main East-West Autobahn in northern Germany, after World War II Bielefeld became a headquarters town for the fighting command of the British Army of the Rhine – BAOR (the administrative and strategic headquarters were at Rheindahlen near the Dutch border). Until the 1980s there
2242-596: The city with nearby counties. Buses also run throughout the area. Sparrenburg Castle is Bielefeld's characteristic landmark. It was built between 1240 and 1250 by Count Ludwig von Ravensberg . The 37-metre-high (121 ft) tower and the catacombs of the castle are open to the public. The Linen Weavers' Monument, with the German name Leineweber-Denkmal, created by the Tyrolean sculptor Perathoner, has been one of Bielefeld's most recognisable symbols for over 100 years. It stands as
2301-469: The early Gothic period (Mittelstraße 54, dated to the second Half of the 13th century) or the late Romanesque art (house Mittelstraße 56, based on the arched windows dated to the first half of the 13th century) originate from prof cultivation. In Mittelstraße, which is the pedestrian zone designated shopping street in the historical city center, are the most important town houses of the city. In addition, there are hundreds of smaller half-timbered houses from
2360-617: The east, and Egge Range ( German : Eggegebirge ) in the south. Except for a short area south of Osnabrück , which belongs to the Bundesland of Lower Saxony , the whole forest is part of North Rhine-Westphalia . A long-distance hiking trail called Hermannsweg runs for 156 kilometres (97 mi) along the length of the Teutoburg Forest, from Rheine in Münsterland to Leopoldstal near Horn-Bad Meinberg . The Battle of Teutoburg Forest in 9 AD occurred in or near this region, though
2419-495: The edict to convert to Calvinism, leading to the Revolt of Lemgo . This religious dispute was resolved by the Peace of Röhrentrup in 1617, granting Lemgo the right to determine its faith independently. During the 30 Years War, on 15 October 1638, it was put under siege by a combined army of Palatine and Swedish troops, but it was soon lifted upon the approach of a hostile army. Two days later,
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2478-451: The exact location is disputed. The Roman historian Cornelius Tacitus identified the location of the battle as saltus Teutoburgiensis ( saltus meaning a forest valley in Latin). Recent excavations suggest that at least the final stages of the battle took place further northwest, at Kalkriese , north of Osnabrück . The Teutoburg Forest was also the scene of some fighting at the very end of
2537-575: The execution is the council foliage with the Kornherrenstube upstairs on the north side of the town hall. The construction of the Neue Ratsstube is simpler and sums up the market façade of the building symmetrically with the Apothekererker. The Brake Castle is an important architectural monument, whose architectural history reaches from the 12th to the 19th century. The present state of the castle
2596-549: The former town hall building on the Old Market Square ( Alter Markt ), which also contains a row of restored 16th and 17th-century townhouses with noteworthy late Gothic and Weser Renaissance style façades ( Bürgerhäuser am Alten Markt ). The oldest city church is Altstädter Nicolaikirche . It is a Gothic hall church with a height of 81.5 m (267 ft). It was founded in 1236 by the Bishop of Paderborn , and enlarged at
2655-456: The growing number of inhabitants and the increasing administrative activity of the cities, more and more premises were needed. Instead of new buildings, the neighboring houses were bought and extended the town hall. The oldest part is an elongated hall building dating back to the 13th century. The middle part of the building is built in Gothic [Gothic] style and dates from around 1480 to 1490. It houses
2714-607: The hill of Grotenburg near Detmold , close to the site where the most popular theory of the time placed the battle. Emperor William I , the first Kaiser of the unified German Empire , dedicated the monument in 1875. In order to create a national landscape the Osning Hills were given the name "Teutoburg Forest", see also Teutonic . The first to use that name had been historian and geographer Philipp Clüver in 1616, later it became more common when Ferdinand of Fürstenberg used it in his history and had it printed on maps. However,
2773-533: The last one being the Royal Irish Regiment . The battalions were based in Stornoway Barracks, known to the locals as Spiegelberg Kaserne. The base was previously the location of a displaced persons camp and before that a Wehrmacht artillery unit. At the end of World War II, Canadian Section GHQ, 2nd Echelon, HQ 21 Army Group, occupied Spiegelberg Kaserne. After this headquarters moved to Oldenburg
2832-440: The manufacture of home appliances and various heavy industries , Bielefeld companies include Dr. Oetker (food manufacturing), Möller Group (leather products and plastics), Seidensticker (clothing and textiles) and Bethel Institution with 17.000 employees. Bielefeld University was founded in 1969. The first professors included the well-known German sociologist Niklas Luhmann . Other institutions of higher education include
2891-508: The marshaling yard on 30 September; Bielefeld was bombed again on 7 October and the RAF bombed the town on the night of 4/5 December. On 17 January 1945, B-17s bombed the nearby Paderborn marshalling yard, and the railway viaduct in the suburb of Schildesche. On 14 March the RAF bombed the viaduct again, wrecking it. This was the first use of the RAF's 10 tonne Grand Slam bomb . American troops entered
2950-424: The mayor still holds office in the Old City Hall, most of the city's administration is housed in the adjacent New City Hall ( Neues Rathaus ). The City Theatre ( Stadttheater ) is part of the same architectural ensemble as the Old City Hall, also built in 1904. It has a notable Jugendstil façade, is Bielefeld's largest theatre and home of the Bielefeld Opera . Another theatre ( Theater am Alten Markt ) resides in
3009-407: The most beautiful ten half-timbered towns in Germany. It was founded 1190 by Bernard II, Lord of Lippe at the crossroad of two merchant routes. Therefore it is the oldest town in the Lippe district. Lemgo was a member of the Hanseatic League , a medieval trading association of free or autonomous cities in several northern European countries such as the Netherlands, Germany and Poland. During
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#17328527091553068-439: The north of the German Central Uplands , and forms a long narrow range of hills (comprising three ridges ) extending from the eastern surroundings of Paderborn in the south to the western surroundings of Osnabrück in the northwest. South of the city centre of Bielefeld , a gap called the Bielefeld Pass bisects the range into the Northern Teutoburg Forest (two thirds) and Southern Teutoburg Forest (one third). In addition,
3127-416: The north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany. With a population of 341,755, it is also the most populous city in the administrative region ( Regierungsbezirk ) of Detmold and the 18th largest city in Germany. The historical centre of the city is situated north of the Teutoburg Forest line of hills, but modern Bielefeld also incorporates boroughs on the opposite side and on the hills. The city
3186-413: The northeastern and southwestern ridges are cut by the exits of the longitudinal valleys between the ridges. The geologically oldest ridge is the northeastern one, which consists of limestone of the Triassic . Most of the ridges and part of the valley are covered by deciduous forest . Parts of the valley areas are used for agriculture, especially the production of cereals . The highest elevation in
3245-422: The old name survived among the local population and the part of the ridge around the Ebberg (309 m or 1,014 ft) near Bielefeld is still known as the Osning today. The composer Johannes Brahms liked to take walks in this forest during his stay in Detmold . Bielefeld Bielefeld ( German pronunciation: [ˈbiːləfɛlt] ) is a city in the Ostwestfalen-Lippe Region in
3304-402: The site was taken over by the British Army. Lemgo is the location of the TH OWL and the Fraunhofer Institute IOSB-INA. Together with the buiness partners of the Centrum Industrial IT, the CIIT, a science-to-business center for Industrial Automation Technologies, and the Industry 4.0 Living Lab SmartFactoryOWL the campus site in Lemgo forms a cluster for Intelligent Systems Technologies in
3363-524: The testimonies from the time of the Renaissance was preserved. Until a few years ago, the Museum Hexenbürgermeisterhaus displayed replicas of some torture instruments from the time of the witch hunt. An exhibition about the life and work of the artist Karl Junker can be seen in the Museum Junkerhaus. The "Junkerhaus" is a work of the artist from the year 1891, provided with numerous ornate carvings. The Städtische Galerie Haus Eichenmüller exhibits temporary exhibitions of works by contemporary artists. The oil mill
3422-406: Was a large British presence in the barracks housing the headquarters of the British First Corps and support units, as well as schools, NAAFI shops, officers' and sergeants' messes and several estates of married quarters. The British presence was heavily scaled back after the reunification of Germany and most of the infrastructure has disappeared. In 1973 the first villages on the south side of
3481-413: Was built from 1854 to 1857, and metal works began to open in the 1860s. Founded in 1867 as a Bielefeld sewing machine repair company, Dürkoppwerke AG employed 1,665 people in 1892; it used Waffenamt code "WaA547" from 1938 to 1939 as the Dürkopp-Werke, and merged with other Bielefeld companies to form Dürkopp Adler AG in 1990. Between 1904 and 1930, Bielefeld grew, opening a rebuilt railway station,
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