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42-481: It is located about 60 km SE of Athens city center, SE of Keratea and N of Cape Sounio . Laurium is situated on a bay overlooking the island of Makronisos (ancient times: Helena) in the east. The port is in the middle and gridded streets cover the residential area of Lavrio. GR-89 runs through Lavrio and ends south in Sounio . The modern town of Lavrio is at the site of the ancient village of Thoricus ; its name

84-556: A PPP scheme which might be extended for constructing the whole new line. An alternative solution is a mixed funding between the EIB and the Greek State. It is also a high-profile candidate project to be included in the Juncker Plan of EU that will include also the second phase of Line 4 of Athens Metro. The European Investment Bank is allocating a €730 million loan over 30 years to finance

126-586: A hot-summer mediterranean ( Csa ) climate. It has mild winters and hot summers, with particularly warm summer nights. The summer highs are 2 °C lower than in Piraeus and 4 °C lower than in downtown Athens . The driest months are July and August while the rainiest period is during December and January. According to the station of the National Observatory of Athens , Lavrio has not recorded an air frost since 2008. The Eleftherios Venizelos International Airport

168-502: A rapid transit system serving the Athens urban area in Greece . Line 1 opened as a single-track conventional steam railway in 1869 and was electrified in 1904. Beginning in 1991, Elliniko Metro S.A. constructed and extended Lines 2 and 3 . It has significantly changed Athens by providing a much-needed solution to the city's traffic and air pollution problem, as well as revitalising many of

210-553: A "100 km (62 mi)" network. This proposal evolved to form part of what is now the long-term Athens Metro Future Regulatory Plan (or the Souflias plan) on 13 April 2009, which called for an 220 km (140 mi) network of eight lines and 200 stations. The Souflias plan was last revised in January 2012, and saw limited activity until October 2020, when Elliniko Metro announced that they were reconsidering some extensions from

252-445: A 3-day ticket for €20 which also includes unlimited local trips and a return trip to the airport. Arrival at the airport without having paid the appropriate fare will incur a €72 fine, reduced to €36 if paid within 10 days. Term tickets are available in 30, 90, 180, and 365 day periods and are available only with a personalized ATH.ENA Card. Reduced fares are available for university students, seniors, disabled and persons under 18. During

294-404: A fare control the passengers that are entitled to a reduced fare have to show ID card, student card or passport. Children under the age of 6 are entitled to travel for free with all means of transportation. On buses and trams the ticket or card must be validated only when entering the vehicle/car by scanning the ticket at the electronic validating machines. At metro or Suburban Railway stations,

336-460: A length of 12.8 km (8.0 mi) of new track. An invitation to tender for the construction of the first phase of Line 4 was issued in September 2018. The construction started in mid to late-2021 and is scheduled to be completed in 2029 or 2030. The estimated cost for constructing the first phase of the new line is 1.51 billion EUR. Currently, the project of the first phase is considered to follow

378-653: A length of 38.2 km (23.7 mi), adding thirty five (35) new stations to the Athens Metro system. The cost of the entire project is estimated at 3.3 billion EUR . The recommendation is for lighter rolling stock than the type used in existing lines of Athens Metro which would operate automatically without a driver . In November 2020, Alstom was chosen to supply the line with 20 4-car automated Metropolis trains, operated under Urbalis 400 signalling system. The first phase of Line 4 will be between Alsos Veikou and Goudi stations, predicting fifteen (15) new stations and

420-470: A rapid-transit system. The section between Kifissia and Strofyli was abandoned. From 1869 to 1926 the line was operated by SAP. From 1926 to 1976 the line was operated by Hellenic Electric Railways (EIS). In 1976 the EIS was nationalized and renamed Athens-Piraeus Electric Railway Company (ISAP), which continued to operate what became line 1 of the Athens Metro until 16 June 2011. Since the current Line 1 opened,

462-415: A subsidiary of OASA S.A. (Athens Urban Transport Organisation S.A.). The Athens Metro consists of three lines totalling 91.7 kilometres (57.0 miles) and 66 stations: Line 1 (Green) is 25.7 kilometres (16.0 miles) long with 24 stations, Line 2 (Red) is 18.7 kilometres (11.6 miles) long with 20 stations, and Line 3 (Blue) is 47.3 kilometres (29.4 mi) long with 24 stations. STASY owns and operates 62 of

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504-552: Is 35 km away from Lavrio or about 30 minutes drive. Lavrio is connected to Athens by car using the Lavrio/Sounio Leoforos (Highway) and then Attiki Odos . This trip takes about an hour. A quite convenient solution to go to Athens is to "park and drive". Drive from Lavrio to Koropi Train Station and there take the suburban railway or metro that goes straight to Athens center. (30 minutes drive + 30 minutes train) Lavrio

546-567: Is a town in East Attica , Greece . Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Lavreotiki , of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 129.864 km . It is part of Athens metropolitan area. Keratea is situated in the hills in the southeastern part of the Attica peninsula, 6 km west of the Aegean Sea coast, at about 200 m elevation. It lies at

588-458: Is externally similar, but the former has split-flap headsigns in Johnston typeface and a cream-and-green interior colour scheme. An extensive refurbishment programme is in progress for the 8th batch (as of 2023), and to cover for trains undergoing refurbishment, up to five 1st generation Line 2/3 trains have been borrowed to operate on Line 1. Line 1 halfsets have driving cabs at both ends, unlike

630-506: Is hailed for its modernity (mainly the newer lines 2, 3), and many of its stations feature works of art, exhibitions and displays of the archaeological remains found during its construction. Photography and video-taking is permitted across the whole network and street photographers often work in Athens Metro. This is the only metro system in Greece , until the Thessaloniki Metro begins operation in 2024. Until 28 January 2000, Line 1

672-459: Is part of the future Line 5. If and when these projects are completed, the Athens Metro is expected to reach 141.7 km (88.0 mi) in length and serve a total of 110 stations by 2040. A fourth line is planned for the Athens Metro and it has been incorporated in the roadmap for the development and expansion of public transport in Athens since 2005. The new line in its totality will extend over

714-567: Is taken from that of the entire region of the Mines of Laurium . The earliest evidence for mining dates to the beginning of the Bronze Age, ca. 3200 BC. Systematic exploitation of mineral resources seem to have begun in the 6th century BC under Peisistratus . After the battle of Marathon , Themistocles persuaded the Athenians to devote the anticipated revenue derived from a major silver vein strike in

756-604: The Athens Suburban Railway , and the Athens Tram . Line 2 is entirely underground. Line 1 is mostly overground, with an underground section spanning between the Monastiraki and Attiki stations, and an additional underground station (Kato Patisia) in central Athens. Line 3 is mostly underground; Trains that run an overground route are only those with the airport as final destination. The overground section of Line 3, east of

798-535: The 66 stations: three other stations ( Pallini , Paiania–Kantza and Koropi ) belong to GAIAOSE and the Athens Airport station belongs to the operator of the Athens International Airport . The system has five interchanges, at Attiki , Monastiraki , Omonia , Piraeus and Syntagma , allowing all three to interchange with each other at least once. Each line also has at least one connection with

840-445: The ATH.ENA Ticket and ATH.ENA Card, both of which are validated using a contactless system (by scanning the ticket or card at the electronic validating machines). The tickets are valid on all modes of public transport in Athens except on trains and buses to the airport. Passengers cannot buy a fare on board the bus. To travel to or from the airport, passengers may buy a one-way ticket for €9 or

882-659: The Athens Metro system, that includes the three current lines, the under construction line 4, the tramway, the suburban railway and all the future under design extensions. The network uses standard gauge electric trains which in most places run on 750  V DC third rail , but the section of Line 3 running to the airport requires trains which can use overhead lines of 25 kV AC , 50 Hz. The Athens Metro classifies rolling stock by "batch" for Line 1 and "generation" for Lines 2 and 3 because ISAP and AMEL used different classification systems for rolling stock before consolidation. Six types of rolling stock operate on

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924-477: The Line 2/3 halfsets which have a driving cab at the outer ends, but only basic driving apparatus for shunting purposes only at the inner ends; thus, they can only operate on their own inside depots. Line 1 uses two-aspect red/green home signals, yellow/green distant signals and a passenger information system (PIS). The current system replaced 1950s-era semaphore signals. The automatic train protection (ATP) system of Line 1

966-562: The absorption of the Metropolitan Railway on 1 July 1933. The Greek government attempted to absorb ISAP into Attiko Metro operation company under Law 2669/1998 so the latter would be responsible for the whole network, but this initiative failed. Athens Metro operations were consolidated when the Greek government enacted Law 3920/2011, replacing AMEL , ISAP and Tram S.A. with Urban Rail Transport S.A. (STASY S.A.) ( Greek : ΣΤΑΣΥ Α.Ε. ),

1008-459: The areas it serves. Extensions of existing lines are under development or tender, like the Line 2 extension to Ilion where tender started in 2023, as well as a new Line 4 , whose central section began construction in October 2021. The Athens Metro is actively connected with the other means of public transport, such as buses, trolleys, the Athens Tram and the Athens Suburban Railway . The Athens Metro

1050-442: The building of the first segment of the Line 4 metro, which will connect Alsos Veikou and Goudi. The initiative will also assist Athens by reducing the number of private automobiles on the road by 53 000, resulting in 318 tonnes fewer CO2 released daily. On 15 November 2008, Greek newspaper Ta Nea reported that the Greek government was considering a circular line from Ano Ilisia to Faros, via Dafni and Eleonas , as part of

1092-572: The city's ancient topography, through unprecedented infrastructure development combined with the study and preservation of archaeological data. Exhibitions of ancient artifacts or replicas are found at a number of metro stations, including Monastiraki , Akropoli and Syntagma . The Athens Metro masterplan, as presented in October 2022, consists of the following projects: *The current Kifissia terminal will be demolished and rebuilt as an underground station. **The Development Plan refers it as Line 4 branch but there are unofficial plans that this branch

1134-490: The government has proposed many expansions to the subway network, including a 1963 plan for a fourteen-line subway network. Construction of Lines 2 and 3 began in November 1992 to decrease traffic congestion and improve Athens' air quality by reducing its smog level. Both lines were constructed underground. Lines 2 and 3, built by Attiko Metro S.A. and operated until 2011 by Attiko Metro Operations Company, are known respectively as

1176-479: The height of the mining. A silver mint ( Argyrocopeum ) was at Laurion. Towards the end of the 5th century, the output fell, partly owing to the Spartan occupation of Decelea . But the mines continued to be worked, though Strabo records that in his time the tailings were being worked over, and Pausanias speaks of the mines as a thing of the past. The ancient workings, consisting of shafts and galleries for excavating

1218-403: The miners was violently confronted by the mining company's guards resulting in the death of two workers. The miners responded by destroying the company's offices and killing the guards. The government then sent police forces to support the company's interests against the strikers. Further clashes between workers and the police occurred to which the government replied by sending the military against

1260-489: The mines of Laurion circa 483 BC to expanding the Athenian fleet to 200 triremes , and thus laid the foundation of the Athenian naval power. The mines, which were the property of the state, were usually farmed out for a certain fixed sum and a percentage on the working; slave labour was exclusively employed. An unrecorded number were children. It was a miserable, dangerous, and brief life. As many as 20,000 slaves were employed at

1302-444: The network, all equipped with third rail current collection systems; however, only seven second-generation trains have the necessary overhead line equipment to serve Line 3 from Doukissis Plakentias to Athens Airport . The eighth batch (introduced in 1983) is the oldest rolling stock in passenger service, while the third generation (introduced in 2013) is the latest rolling stock in passenger service. The eighth- and tenth-batch stock

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1344-510: The northern foot of Mount Paneion  [ el ] . It is 5 km southeast of Kalyvia Thorikou , 12 km northwest of Lavrio and 29 km southeast of Athens city centre. Greek National Road 89 (Gerakas - Koropi - Lavrio - Sounio) passes through Keratea. In antiquity, the area of present Keratea was part of the deme Cephale , of the phyle Acamantis in Mesogeia area of Ancient Athens. The municipal unit Keratea consists of

1386-412: The ore, and washing tables for concentrating the ore, may still be seen at many locations. There were well engineered tanks and reservoirs to collect rainwater for washing the ore since abundant supplies from streams or rivers was impossible at the site. The mines were reworked in the late 19th century by French and Greek companies, but mainly for lead , manganese and cadmium . In 1896 a strike from

1428-630: The red and blue lines and were inaugurated in January 2000. Line 3 was extended to the Eleftherios Venizelos International Airport in summer 2004, and Line 2 was extended to Anthoupoli and Elliniko in 2013. Until 17 June 2011, the operational management of the Athens Metro network was similar to that of the London Underground network before the creation of the London Passenger Transport Board and

1470-460: The sport teams Keravnos Keratea F.C. , one of the most successful East Attica football clubs, and the multi-sport G.S. Kerateas (Gymnastikos Syllogos Kerateas), the women's volleyball team has represent the town in Greek A1 Division for several years. Athens metro [REDACTED] The Athens Metro ( Greek : Μετρό Αθήνας , romanized :  Metro Athinas ) is

1512-538: The striking workers resulting in more workers' deaths. The strike ended violently with most of the strikers' demands not being fulfilled and with a military force being permanently established to patrol the miners. The Mineralogical Museum of Lavrion comprises samples of minerals from the region of Lavrion. Lavrio, owing to its location in the southern tip of the Athens Riviera , has a hot semi-arid climate ( Köppen climate classification : BSh ), closely bordering

1554-527: The ticket or card must be validated at the electronic gates when entering and exiting the station. During construction of the metro tunnels, artifacts of archaeological interest were discovered and rescue archaeology was employed. Teams of archaeologists worked ahead of, then with, engineers for six years, protecting and recording archaeological finds (streets, houses, cemeteries, sanctuaries, public workshops, foundry pits, kilns, aqueducts, wells, cisterns, drains and sewage tunnels). This afforded new insight into

1596-569: The town Keratea proper and 62 other settlements, including Kaki Thalassa and Pefka . The town has historically been an Arvanite settlement. The church of St. Athanasius (Kronizes). A wall painting monument (1744) of George Markou the Argus, the great and prolific post-Byzantine ecclesiastic iconographer of the 18th century ( ".... Il Santo Athanasio, che si trova alla Regione Cronizes di Kerateas dell 'Attica...." Evangelos Andreou http://ketlib.lib.unipi.gr/xmlui/handle/ket/849 ) Keratea hosts

1638-482: The tunnel portal near Doukissis Plakentias , is open. In the tunnel sections up and down lines share a common tunnel, except for approaches to stations with an island platform (such as Egaleo). Train maintenance facilities are located at Attiki, Faliro, Irini, Piraeus, Kifissia and Thissio for Line 1, and Doukissis Plakentias, Eleonas and Sepolia for Lines 2 and 3. The Athens Metro's three lines carried approximately 1,353,000 passengers daily in 2010. A network map of

1680-500: Was fully installed in 2023 which replaced the previous Indusi system. Lines 2 and 3 use the Alstom automatic train supervision system (ATS) and a passenger information system (PIS). Two-aspect red/white colour signals are used at points and junctions only. Fares are prepaid, either as short term tickets valid for 90 minutes, 24 hours, three days, five days, or as long term tickets. As of September 2020, there are two types of fare products,

1722-543: Was the only rapid-transit line in Athens. The Athens and Piraeus Railway Company (SAP) opened a steam single-track mixed cargo and passenger railway line on 27 February 1869 and was run between Piraeus and Thiseio . It was electrified in 1904. On 4 February 1885 Lavrion Square-Strofyli steam narrow gauge single-track mixed cargo and passenger railway line opened and was run at the time from Attiki Square to Kifissia through Iraklio. These originally mixed cargo and passenger railway lines gradually merged and converted to

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1764-630: Was the terminal station of the Athens-Lavrion Railway , which was abandoned in 1957. The mining town of Laurium, Michigan was named after the famous Greek Laurium. Laurium hosts the football club Olympiacos Laurium , which played in the Gamma Ethniki in the past, and the basketball club Lavrio B.C. , which plays in the Basket League . *Not included the most parts of Athens urban area Keratea Keratea ( Greek : Κερατέα )

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