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117-525: Betty Joan Perske (September 16, 1924 – August 12, 2014), professionally known as Lauren Bacall ( / b ə ˈ k ɔː l / bə- KAWL ), was an American actress. She was named the 20th-greatest female star of classic Hollywood cinema by the American Film Institute . She received an Academy Honorary Award in 2009 in recognition of her contribution to the Golden Age of motion pictures. Bacall

234-510: A CBS special on June 15, 1999, hosted by Shirley Temple (who is herself honored on the female legends list), with 50 then-current actors making the presentations. AFI defines an "American screen legend" as "an actor or a team of actors with a significant screen presence in American feature-length films (films of 40 minutes or more) whose screen debut occurred in or before 1950, or whose screen debut occurred after 1950 but whose death has marked

351-507: A Palmach scout, a zoologist, and an archaeologist, had been funded by Ben-Gurion and planned by Palmach head Yitzhak Sadeh , as part of a plan for future Jewish settlement of the area so as to include it in the Jewish state. The group was arrested by a Bedouin camel patrol led by a British officer, taken to Beersheba (then a small Arab town) and incarcerated in the local jail. All of the participants were sentenced to two weeks in prison, and as

468-518: A Likud-led government with right-wing religious parties, establishing what was seen as the most conservative government coalition in the history of Israel up to that point. Peres led the opposition in the Knesset from 1990 until early 1992, when he was defeated by Yitzhak Rabin in the Israeli Labor Party leadership election , the first leadership election held since the party formally merged with

585-606: A Musical for her performances in Applause (1970) and Woman of the Year (1981). She also acted in the play Goodbye Charlie (1959), the farce Cactus Flower (1965), and Wonderful Town (1977). She made her West End debut in The Applause (1970) followed by Sweet Bird of Youth (1985). Lauren Bacall was born Betty Joan Perske on September 16, 1924, in the Bronx , New York City,

702-518: A New Yorker? The world doesn't owe you a damn thing. Bacall was a staunch liberal Democrat , and proclaimed her political views on numerous occasions. Bacall and Bogart were among about 80 Hollywood personalities to send a telegram protesting the House Un-American Activities Committee 's investigations of Americans suspected of adhering to communism . The telegram said that investigating individuals' political beliefs violated

819-600: A Walk Through a Cemetery" with husband Jason Robards , Jr., and later as Barbara Lake in the episode "Something to Sing About" with Balsam. In 1976, Bacall costarred in The Shootist with John Wayne , with whom she had worked in Blood Alley (1955). Bacall was featured in Robert Altman 's comedy Health (1980), which underwent a troubled process of release after the change of the top management at 20th Century-Fox and saw

936-572: A child, I grew up in my grandfather's home. … I was educated by him. … My grandfather taught me Talmud . It was not as easy as it sounds. My home was not an observant one. My parents were not Orthodox but I was Haredi . At one point, I heard my parents listening to the radio on the Sabbath and I smashed it." When he was a child, Peres was taken by his father to Radun to receive a blessing from Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan (known as "the Chofetz Chaim "). As

1053-623: A child, Peres would later say, "I did not dream of becoming president of Israel. My dream as a boy was to be a shepherd or a poet of stars." He inherited his love of French literature from his maternal grandfather. In 1932, Peres's father immigrated to Mandatory Palestine and settled in Tel Aviv . The family followed him in 1934. He attended Balfour Elementary School and High School, and Geula Gymnasium (High School for Commerce) in Tel Aviv . At 15, he transferred to Ben Shemen agricultural school and lived on Kibbutz Geva for several years. Peres

1170-618: A coalition that excluded the left. When the new Likud-led government was formed on 20 June 1977 Peres' time as the unofficial acting prime minister ended. Once the Likud-led government took power, Labor and the Alignment bloc entered the Knesset opposition for the first time in its history, and Peres assumed the unofficial role of Knesset opposition leader. In 1978, Peres was elected vice president of Socialist International . Through his role within

1287-488: A completed body of work." In other words, the list generally honors actors recognized for their contributions to classical Hollywood cinema . Jurors selected the final lists from 250 male and 250 female nominees. When the lists were unveiled, Gregory Peck , Katharine Hepburn , Marlon Brando , Elizabeth Taylor , Shirley Temple , Lauren Bacall , Kirk Douglas (the longest-lived star at 103) and Sidney Poitier were alive, but have since died. At 90 in 2024, Sophia Loren

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1404-465: A foreign currency scandal involving his wife, he would be stepping down prior to the 1977 Knesset election. Peres made himself a candidate to replace him as the new Labor Party leader. Initially, Foreign Minister Yigal Allon also made himself a candidate. However, Allon and Peres reached an agreement that Peres would appoint Allon to any ministerial position that Allon preferred in exchange from his withdrawal of his candidacy. Following Allon's withdrawal,

1521-621: A landmark melodrama. Appearing with Rock Hudson , Dorothy Malone and Robert Stack , Bacall plays a career woman whose life is unexpectedly turned around by a family of oil magnates. Bacall wrote in her autobiography that she did not think much of her role, but reviews were favorable. Variety wrote: "Bacall registers strongly as a sensible girl swept into the madness of the oil family." While supporting Bogart as he suffered from terminal esophageal cancer , Bacall starred with Gregory Peck in Designing Woman (1957) to solid reviews. The comedy

1638-663: A liberal is the best thing on Earth you can be. You are welcoming to everyone when you're a liberal. You do not have a small mind." On August 12, 2014, Bacall died after suffering a stroke at her apartment in The Dakota , the Upper West Side building near Central Park in Manhattan . She was confirmed dead at New York–Presbyterian Hospital , at the age of 89. Bacall was interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California . At

1755-522: A lot of pressure as a sharp-eyed, knows-what-she-wants girl." Bacall appeared in John Huston 's melodramatic suspense film Key Largo (1948) with Bogart, Edward G. Robinson and Lionel Barrymore . In the film, according to film critic Jessica Kiang, "Bacall brings an edge of ambivalence and independence to the role that makes her character much more interesting than was written." Bacall rejected scripts that she did not find interesting, and thereby earned

1872-498: A lower and deeper voice instead of her normally high-pitched, nasal voice. As part of her training, Bacall was required to shout verses of Shakespeare for hours every day. Her voice was characterized as a "smoky, sexual growl" by most critics and a "throaty purr". Bacall stood 5 feet 8 + 1 ⁄ 2  inches (1.74 meters), unusually tall for actresses of the era, and a half inch taller than Humphrey Bogart . During her screen tests for To Have and Have Not (1944), Bacall

1989-543: A marriage in Las Vegas , Nevada , due to similar documentation issues. On July 4, 1961, the couple drove to Ensenada , Mexico , where they wed. The couple divorced in 1969. According to Bacall's autobiography, she divorced Robards mainly because of his alcoholism. Bacall had a romantic relationship with her Woman of the Year costar Harry Guardino in the early 1980s. Bacall had two children with Bogart and one with Robards. Son Stephen Humphrey Bogart (born January 6, 1949)

2106-410: A member of the Knesset continuously until he was elected president in 2007. Serving in the Knesset for 48 years (with the first uninterrupted stretch lasting more than 46 years), Peres is the longest serving member in the Knesset's history. At the time of his retirement from politics in 2014, he was the world's oldest head of state and was considered the last link to Israel's founding generation. From

2223-461: A mental institution where Bacall's character works as a therapist. It was her second collaboration with Charles Boyer , and the film also stars Richard Widmark and Lillian Gish . A New York Times critic wrote: "In the only two really sympathetic roles, Mr. Widmark is excellent and Miss Bacall shrewdly underplays." Many film scholars consider Written on the Wind (1956), directed by Douglas Sirk ,

2340-787: A novel by Frederick Forsyth . The following year, Bacall played the lead in the independent film A Star for Two (1991) with Anthony Quinn , Lila Kedrova and Jean-Pierre Aumont , and played a supporting role in All I Want for Christmas (1991). In 1993, Bacall was very active in television, pairing again with her lifelong friend Gregory Peck and his daughter Cecilia Peck in Arthur Penn 's television movie The Portrait , and costarring with an all-star European cast in A Foreign Field . She appeared in Robert Altman 's Prêt-à-Porter (1994), an ensemble film set in Paris during fashion week. In 1995, she

2457-492: A number of key questions and Rabin learned that the cabinet had also endorsed it. Shortly after the mission ended, Rabin recounted, "we called into my office seven of our top commanders...I told our friends in uniform that the honor of the Jewish people, their destinies, are challenged and what we are considering is not just a calculated risk in the military sense, but a comparative risk, which exists between surrender to terror and daring rescue stemming from independence." After

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2574-598: A photograph printed at the end of an article he wrote, titled "I'm No Communist", in the May 1948 edition of Photoplay magazine, written to counteract negative publicity resulting from his appearance before the House Committee. Bogart and Bacall distanced themselves from the Hollywood Ten , and said: "We're about as much in favor of Communism as J. Edgar Hoover ." Bacall campaigned for Democratic candidate Adlai Stevenson in

2691-539: A reputation of being difficult. However, she further solidified her star status in the 1950s by appearing as the leading lady in a string of films that won favorable reviews. Bacall was cast with Gary Cooper in Bright Leaf (1950) and as a two-faced femme fatale in Young Man with a Horn (1950), a jazz musical co-starring Kirk Douglas , Doris Day and Hoagy Carmichael . From 1951 to 1952, Bacall costarred with Bogart in

2808-437: A rescue operation should be planned. Peres organized a secret Israel Crisis Committee to come up with a rescue plan. When a plan had been made, he met with commander Netanyahu a number of times. During one of their final private meetings, they both examined maps and went over precise details. Peres later said of Netanyahu's explanation, "My impression was one of exactitude and imagination," saying that Netanyahu seemed confident

2925-502: A secret intelligence organization tasked with obtaining military technology and science espionage. From 1954, as director general of the Ministry of Defense, Peres was involved in the planning of the 1956 Suez War , in partnership with France and Britain. Peres was sent by David Ben-Gurion to Paris, where he held secret meetings with the French government. Peres was instrumental in negotiating

3042-418: A seven-year contract with a weekly salary of $ 100 and personally began to manage her career. He changed her first name to Lauren, and she chose Bacall, a variant of her mother's maiden name, as her screen surname . Slim Hawks also took Bacall under her wing, dressing Bacall stylishly and guiding her in matters of elegance, manners and taste. At Hawks's suggestion, Bacall was trained by a voice coach to speak with

3159-573: A seven-year hiatus from films to perform on stage in Woman of the Year (1981) with costar Harry Guardino , for which she won her second Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical , and other shows such as a 1985 adaptation of Tennessee Williams 's Sweet Bird of Youth under the direction of Harold Pinter . She returned to film in 1988 with supporting roles in Danny Huston 's Mr. North and Michael Winner 's Appointment with Death . She also starred in

3276-437: A very limited release in theaters. The following year, she appeared in the thriller The Fan (1981). The film received mixed reviews, especially following the recent murder of John Lennon and the similarities of the plot to the real event, but Bacall's performance gained a favorable reception. Variety magazine wrote that Bacall and director Edward Bianchi "make the audience care what happens" to her character. Bacall took

3393-692: A wealthy family allowed Bacall to attend school at the Highland Manor Boarding School for Girls in Tarrytown, New York , a private boarding school founded by philanthropist Eugene Heitler Lehman, and Julia Richman High School in Manhattan. In 1941, Bacall took lessons at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York, where she dated classmate Kirk Douglas . She worked as a theatre usher at

3510-405: A young age, he was renowned for his oratorical brilliance, and was chosen as a protégé by David Ben-Gurion , Israel's founding father. He began his political career in the late 1940s, holding several diplomatic and military positions during and directly after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War . His first high-level government position was as deputy director general of defense in 1952 which he attained at

3627-679: Is a news producer, documentary film maker, and author who is named after Bogart's character in To Have and Have Not . Their daughter Leslie Howard Bogart (born August 23, 1952) is named after the actor Leslie Howard . A nurse and yoga instructor, she is married to Erich Schiffmann . In his 1995 memoir, Stephen Bogart wrote, "My mother was a lapsed Jew, and my father was a lapsed Episcopalian", and that he and his sister were raised Episcopalian "because my mother felt that would make life easier for Leslie and me during those post-World War II years". Sam Robards (born December 16, 1961), Bacall's son with Robards,

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3744-640: Is an actor. Bacall wrote two autobiographies, Lauren Bacall by Myself (1978) and Now (1994). In 2006, the first volume of Lauren Bacall by Myself was reprinted as By Myself and Then Some with an extra chapter. In a 1996 interview, Bacall, reflecting on her life, told the interviewer Jeremy Isaacs that she had been lucky: I had one great marriage, I have three great children and four grandchildren. I am still alive. I still can function. I still can work ... You just learn to cope with whatever you have to cope with. I spent my childhood in New York, riding on subways and buses. And you know what you learn if you're

3861-552: Is often credited with discovering Bacall for Harper's Bazaar , it was in fact Nicolas de Gunzburg who introduced Bacall to Vreeland. He had first met Bacall at a New York club called Tony's, where de Gunzburg suggested that Bacall visit his Harper's Bazaar office the next day. He then turned her over to Vreeland, who arranged for Louise Dahl-Wolfe to shoot Bacall in Kodachrome for the March 1943 cover. The Harper's Bazaar cover caught

3978-435: Is really about. Miss Bacall is on hand virtually the whole time, and she's vibrant whether no-nonsense or tipsy, domineering or moony, dry or wet. If Woman of the Year is tired around the edges, it is always smart enough to keep its live wire center stage." She went on to win her second Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical . The few films in which Bacall appeared during this period were all-star vehicles such as Sex and

4095-1924: Is the sole surviving star. (12 May 1907 – 29 June 2003) (25 December 1899 – 14 January 1957) (5 April 1908 – 6 October 1989) (18 January 1904 – 29 November 1986) (4 May 1929 – 20 January 1993) (20 May 1908 – 2 July 1997) (29 August 1915 – 29 August 1982) (3 April 1924 – 1 July 2004) (18 September 1905 – 15 April 1990) (10 May 1899 – 22 June 1987) (1 June 1926 – 4 August 1962) (16 May 1905 – 12 August 1982) (27 February 1932 – 23 March 2011) (1 February 1901 – 16 November 1960) (10 June 1922 – 22 June 1969) (17 July 1899 – 30 March 1986) (27 December 1901 – 6 May 1992) (5 April 1900 – 10 June 1967) (23 March 1906 – 10 May 1977) (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) (16 July 1907 – 20 January 1990) (7 May 1901 – 13 May 1961) (13 September 1903 – 30 July 1996) (5 April 1916 – 12 June 2003) (12 November 1929 – 14 September 1982) (26 May 1907 – 11 June 1979) (16 July 1911 – 25 April 1995) (22 May 1907 – 11 July 1989) (17 August 1893 – 22 November 1980) (23 August 1912 – 2 February 1996) (5 November 1913 – 8 July 1967) (6 May 1915 – 10 October 1985) (14 October 1893 – 27 February 1993) (9 December 1916 – 5 February 2020) (23 April 1928 – 10 February 2014) (8 February 1931 – 30 September 1955) (17 October 1918 – 14 May 1987) (2 November 1913 – 20 October 1994) (16 September 1924 – 12 August 2014) (born 20 September 1934) (4 October 1895 – 1 February 1966) (3 March 1911 – 7 June 1937) (20 February 1927 – 6 January 2022) (6 October 1908 – 16 January 1942) (6 August 1917 – 1 July 1997) (8 April 1892 – 29 May 1979) Shimon Peres Shimon Peres ( / ʃ iː ˌ m oʊ n ˈ p ɛr ɛ s , - ɛ z / shee- MOHN PERR -ess, -⁠ez ; Hebrew : שמעון פרס [ʃiˌmon ˈpeʁes] ; born Szymon Perski , Polish: [ˈʂɨmɔn ˈpɛrskʲi] ; 2 August 1923 – 28 September 2016)

4212-536: The 15th government (led by Prime Minister Golda Meir ), and in 1970 (also in the 15th government), he became minister of transportation and communications . After this, he served as minister of information in the Meir-led 16th government . Peres was appointed minister of defense in the Yitzhak Rabin -led 17th government , after having been Rabin's chief rival for the post of Labor Party leader (and, in effect,

4329-465: The 1952 presidential election , accompanying him on motorcades along with Bogart, and flying east to help in the final laps of Stevenson's campaign in New York and Chicago. She campaigned for Robert F. Kennedy in his 1964 run for the U.S. Senate and was part of a Hollywood committee that endorsed his presidential campaign . In a 2005 interview with Larry King , Bacall described herself as "anti-Republican... A liberal. The L-word". She added that "being

4446-519: The 1977 Knesset election . This was at moment when Labor was threatened with the prospect of losing its control of government after 28-consecutive years due to the rise of both the right-wing Likud bloc and the centrist Democratic Movement for Change , which were seen as collectively cutting into the Labor Party's support in the upcoming election. At the time, Rabin and Peres presented little policy difference, with Peres being seen as only slightly to

4563-452: The 1981 elections . In the 1984 elections (Peres' third election as Labor Party leader), the Alignment coalition won more seats than any other party, but the left-wing failed to win the majority of 61 seats needed to form a coalition on their own. Alignment and Likud agreed to an unusual “ rotation " arrangement to form a grand coalition unity government during which, for the first twenty-five months, Peres would serve as prime minister and

4680-460: The Alignment , Labor and Kadima in the Knesset, and led Alignment and Labor. Peres first succeeded Yitzhak Rabin as acting prime minister briefly during 1977, before becoming prime minister from 1984 to 1986. As foreign minister under Prime Minister Rabin, Peres engineered the 1994 Israel–Jordan peace treaty , and won the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize together with Rabin and Yasser Arafat for

4797-938: The Golden Globe Award and the Screen Actors Guild Award , in addition to nominations for the Academy Award and the BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actress. During the final stage of her career, she gained newfound success with a younger audience for major supporting roles in the films Misery (1990), Dogville (2003), Birth (2004), and the English dubs of the animated films Howl's Moving Castle (2004) and Ernest & Celestine (2012). For her work in theatre, Bacall made her Broadway debut in Johnny 2x4 (1942). She went on to win two Tony Awards for Best Actress in

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4914-586: The Lavon Affair . Owing to Peres's mediation, Israel acquired the advanced Dassault Mirage III French jet fighter, established the Dimona nuclear reactor and entered into a tri-national agreement with France and the United Kingdom, positioning Israel in what would become the 1956 Suez Crisis . Peres continued as a primary intermediary in the close French-Israeli alliance from the mid-1950s, although from 1958, he

5031-951: The Oslo Accords peace talks with the Palestinian leadership . In 1996, he founded the Peres Center for Peace , which has the aim of "promot[ing] lasting peace and advancement in the Middle East by fostering tolerance, economic and technological development, cooperation and well-being." After suffering a stroke, Peres died in 2016 near Tel Aviv . Shimon Peres was born Szymon Perski, on 2 August 1923, in Wiszniew, Poland (now Vishnyeva , Belarus), to Yitzhak (1896–1962) and Sara (1905–1969, née Meltzer) Perski. The family spoke Hebrew , Yiddish and Russian at home, and Peres learned Polish at school. He then learned to speak English and French. His father

5148-497: The Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role , and a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role . Bacall received the Kennedy Center Honors in 1997, and she was voted one of the 25 most significant female movie stars in history in 1999 by the American Film Institute . In 1999, Bacall starred on Broadway in a revival of Noël Coward 's Waiting in

5265-609: The St. James Theatre and as a fashion model in department stores. She made her acting debut on Broadway in 1942 at age 17 as a walk-on in Johnny 2 X 4 . By then, she lived with her mother at 75 Bank Street , and in 1942, she was crowned Miss Greenwich Village. As a teenage fashion model, Bacall appeared on the cover of Harper's Bazaar and in magazines such as Vogue . A 1948 article in Life magazine referred to her "cat-like grace, tawny blonde hair, and blue-green eyes." Though Diana Vreeland

5382-469: The Tripartite Declaration , and supply more weapons to Israel. During the same visit, Peres informed the French that Israel had decided upon war with Egypt in 1956. Throughout the 1950s, an extraordinarily close relationship existed between France and Israel, characterised by unprecedented cooperation in the fields of defense and diplomacy. For his work as the architect of this relationship, Peres

5499-531: The "Operation Entebbe", which took place on 4 July 1976. The rescue boosted the Rabin government's approval rating with the public. The only Israeli soldier that was killed during the successful rescue operation was its commander, 30-year-old Lieutenant Colonel Jonathan Netanyahu , older brother of Benjamin Netanyahu . Before Rabin ultimately approved the rescue mission, he and Peres were at odds on how to proceed. Rabin

5616-446: The 12 members. Three years later, he took over the movement and won a majority. The head of Mapai, David Ben-Gurion , and Berl Katznelson began to take an interest in him, and appointed him to Mapai's secretariat. In 1944, Peres led an illicit expedition into the Negev , then a closed military zone requiring a permit to enter. The expedition, consisting of a group of teenagers, along with

5733-665: The 1960s. She starred on Broadway in Goodbye, Charlie in 1959, and went on to a successful stage career. She played Stephanie in the farce Cactus Flower (1965). She won her first Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her role as Margo Channing in Applause (1970). The musical was written by Betty Comden and Adolph Green . She performed the role both on Broadway and the West End . Walter Kerr of The New York Times praised her performance declaring, "Take your breath away? Indeed. What's more, she never gives it back." Applause

5850-518: The British thriller Tree of Hands (1989), based on a novel by Ruth Rendell , and in a television adaptation of the 1933 classic Dinner at Eight for Turner Television . In 1990, Bacall took a small but central role as James Caan 's agent in Rob Reiner 's Misery , based on the novel by Stephen King , and an important role in the British television movie A Little Piece of Sunshine , based on

5967-542: The Franco-Israeli agreement for a military offensive. In November 1954, Peres visited Paris, where he was received by the French Defense Minister Marie-Pierre Kœnig , who told him that France would sell Israel any weapons it wanted to buy. By early 1955, France was shipping large amounts of weapons to Israel. In April 1956, following another visit to Paris by Peres, France agreed to disregard

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6084-647: The Israeli premiership) in the 1974 Israeli Labor Party leadership election that was held after Golda Meir resigned in the aftermath of the Yom Kippur War . On 27 June 1976, Peres, as minister of defense, in collaboration with Prime Minister Rabin, handled Israel's response to a coordinated act of terrorism when 248 Paris-bound travelers on an Air France plane were taken hostage by pro-Palestinian hijackers and flown to Uganda , Africa, 2,000 miles away. Peres and Rabin were responsible for approving what became known as

6201-412: The Labor Party leadership announced on 10 April 1977 that he had chosen to endorse Peres as the party's new leader. On 11 April 1977 , the 815-member Central Committee of the party elected Peres by acclamation as the party's new leader. Rabin ended his active service as prime minister on 22 April 1977, and Peres became Israel's unofficial acting prime minister. The reason why Peres was not officially

6318-474: The Likud leader Yitzhak Shamir would be foreign minister, with the two swapping positions thereafter for the second half of the term. Peres was regarded to be a popular prime minister in his two years as premier under the rotation arrangement. During a portion of his premiership, he also held the position of minister of religious affairs . Among the most noteworthy moments of his first tenure as prime minister

6435-469: The Sinai. Britain and France would then intervene, purportedly to separate the warring Israeli and Egyptian forces, instructing both to withdraw to a distance of 16 kilometres from either side of the canal. The British and French would then argue, according to the plan, that Egypt's control of such an important route was too tenuous, and that it needed be placed under Anglo-French management. The agreement at Sèvres

6552-582: The Single Girl (1964) with Henry Fonda , Tony Curtis and Natalie Wood ; Harper (1966) with Paul Newman , Shelley Winters , Julie Harris , Robert Wagner and Janet Leigh ; and Murder on the Orient Express (1974), with Ingrid Bergman , Albert Finney , Vanessa Redgrave , Martin Balsam and Sean Connery . In 1964, Bacall appeared in two episodes of Craig Stevens 's Mr. Broadway : first in "Take

6669-529: The Suez Canal. Peres was first elected to the Knesset in the 1959 elections as a member of the Mapai party. He was given the role of deputy minister of defense, which he filled until 1965 (holding this position in the 9th , 10th , 11th , and 12th governments of Israel under Prime Ministers David Ben-Gurion and Levi Eshkol ). In this position, he held negotiations with John F. Kennedy , which concluded with

6786-811: The Waste in Hayao Miyazaki 's acclaimed animated film Howl's Moving Castle (2004). She was a leading actress in Paul Schrader 's The Walker (2007). In March 2006, she introduced a film montage dedicated to film noir at the 78th Academy Awards . She made a cameo appearance as herself on The Sopranos in the April 2006 episode " Luxury Lounge ", during which her character was mugged by Christopher Moltisanti ( Michael Imperioli ). In September 2006, Bryn Mawr College awarded Bacall its Katharine Hepburn Medal, which recognizes "women whose lives, work, and contributions embody

6903-773: The Wings . She portrayed American billionaire heiress Doris Duke in the four part CBS miniseries Too Rich: The Secret Life of Doris Duke (1999). In the 2000s, she acted as a spokesman for the Tuesday Morning discount chain and produced a jewelry line. She was also a celebrity spokesman for High Point coffee and Fancy Feast cat food. Her film career saw something of a renaissance taking dramatic roles in independent films. She attracted positive notices for her performances in high-profile psychological dramas such as Lars von Trier 's Dogville (2003) and Jonathan Glazer 's Birth (2004), both with Nicole Kidman . She voiced Witch of

7020-522: The age of 28, and director general from 1953 until 1959. In 1956, he took part in the historic negotiations on the Protocol of Sèvres , which was described by British Prime Minister Anthony Eden as the "highest form of statesmanship". In 1963, he held negotiations with U.S. President John F. Kennedy , which resulted in the sale of Hawk anti-aircraft missiles to Israel, the first sale of U.S. military equipment to Israel. Peres represented Mapai , Rafi ,

7137-504: The assistance of the government of the United States, Peres assembled a board of American economist to advise him on the situation. Conditional on him implementing reforms, Peres secured emergency economic assistance from the United States of $ 750 million (equivalent to 3.5% of the nation's GDP at the time) annually over a two-year period. Peres was initially hesitant to take the drastic measures that he ultimately would pursue, as they had

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7254-492: The attention of "Slim" Keith , the wife of Hollywood producer and director Howard Hawks . Keith urged her husband to invite Bacall to take a screen test for his forthcoming film To Have and Have Not . Hawks asked his secretary to find more information about Bacall, but the secretary misunderstood and sent Bacall a ticket to travel to Hollywood for the audition. After meeting Bacall in Hollywood, Hawks immediately signed her to

7371-536: The basic principles of American democracy. In October 1947, Bacall and Bogart traveled to Washington, D.C., along with a number of other Hollywood stars in a group that called itself the Committee for the First Amendment (CFA), which also included Danny Kaye , John Garfield , Gene Kelly , John Huston , Groucho Marx , Olivia de Havilland , Ira Gershwin , and Jane Wyatt . She appeared alongside Humphrey Bogart in

7488-583: The country home of Pulitzer Prize –winning author Louis Bromfield , a close friend of Bogart. At the time of the 1950 United States census , the couple was living at 2707 Benedict Canyon Drive in Beverly Hills with their son and their nursemaid. Bacall is listed as Betty Bogart. She was married to Bogart until he died in 1957. During the filming of The African Queen (1951), Bacall and Bogart became friends with Katharine Hepburn and Spencer Tracy . She began to mix in non-acting circles, becoming friends with

7605-410: The course of the Israeli economy. By the end of the year, inflation immensely decreased. Additionally, the shekel stabilized and the government balanced its budget. While Israel would subsequently slide into a recession , the stabilization has been regarded as an important and greatly successful model for addressing economies in crisis, and has been credited with saving the nation's economy. As per

7722-449: The fictional trophy in All About Eve . She returned to Broadway in the musical Woman of the Year (1981) with book by Peter Stone and music and lyrics by Kander and Ebb . The musical is based on the 1944 film of the same name starring Katharine Hepburn and Spencer Tracy . Frank Rich of The New York Times gave the production a mixed review but praised Bacall writing, "The people who concocted this musical know what their show

7839-419: The film Trouble Is My Business . In November, she joined the English-dubbed voice cast for StudioCanal's animated film Ernest & Celestine . Her final role was in 2014 as a guest voice appearance in the Family Guy episode " Mom's the Word ". On May 21, 1945, Bacall married Humphrey Bogart . She was 20 and Bogart was 25 years older. Their wedding and honeymoon took place at Malabar Farm, Lucas, Ohio ,

7956-446: The film could have caused considerable damage to her career, but her next performance as the mysterious, acid-tongued Vivian Rutledge in Hawks's film noir The Big Sleep (1946), co-starring Bogart, provided a quick career resurgence. The Big Sleep laid the foundation for Bacall's status as an icon of film noir , with which she would be strongly associated for the rest of her career. She was often cast in roles that were variations of

8073-410: The first peace talks between the two sides. Peres' longtime intra-party rival, Yizhak Rabin, had opposed to overthrowing the Likud-led coalition government. Peres succeeded in ending the government twenty-third government with a vote of no confidence . However, Peres was subsequently unable to assemble enough Knesset partners to form a pro-peace talk government. After two months, Shamir managed to form

8190-409: The government in 1990, after " the dirty trick " – a failed bid by Peres to form a narrow government based on a coalition of the Alignment, small leftist factions and ultra-orthodox parties. Peres' hope had been to create a Labor-led government that would be focused on peace talks with Palestine. Likud had declined proposals by the United States for Israel and Palestine to initiate what would have been

8307-426: The historian Arthur Schlesinger Jr. and the journalist Alistair Cooke . In 1952, she gave campaign speeches for Democratic presidential contender Adlai Stevenson . Along with other Hollywood figures, Bacall was a strong opponent of McCarthyism . Bacall had a relationship with Frank Sinatra after Bogart's death. During an interview with Turner Classic Movies 's Robert Osborne , Bacall stated that she had ended

8424-410: The holder of this office was that Rabin could not, under Israeli law, resign from his position as prime minister because the government was, at the time, a caretaker government . In his first election as party leader, Peres led Labor Party and the Alignment coalition to its first ever electoral defeat, and the result afforded the first-place Likud party (led by Menachem Begin ) the ability to form

8541-421: The independent and sultry femme fatale character of Vivian. As described by film scholar Joe McElhaney, "Vivian displays an almost total command of movement and gesture. She never crawls." Bacall was cast with Bogart in two more films. In the film noir Dark Passage (1947), she played an enigmatic San Francisco artist. Bosley Crowther of The New York Times wrote: "Miss Bacall   ... generates quite

8658-626: The intelligence, drive, and independence" of Hepburn. She delivered an address at the memorial service of Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. at the Reform Club in London in June 2007. She finished her role in The Forger in 2009. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences bestowed an honorary Academy Award upon Bacall at the inaugural Governors Awards on November 14, 2009. In July 2013, Bacall expressed interest in

8775-518: The leader, Peres was also heavily fined. The expedition came across a nest of bearded vultures , called peres in Hebrew, and from this Peres took his Hebrew name. All of Peres's relatives who remained in Wiszniew in 1941 were murdered during the Holocaust , many of them (including Rabbi Meltzer) burned alive in the town's synagogue. In 1945, Peres married Sonya Gelman , who preferred to remain outside

8892-468: The leadership of this organization, Peres befriended foreign politicians including Willy Brandt , Bruno Kreisky , members of the British Labour Party , and politicians from parts of Africa and Asia. After handily winning reelection as Labor Party leader in 1980 (defeating a challenge from Rabin, who was attempting a comeback to the leadership), Peres led his party to another, narrower, loss in

9009-412: The most popular politician in the nation. Peres agreed to renew the grand coalition with the Likud, this time conceding the premiership to Shamir for the entire term. In the grand coalition unity government of 1988–90 (the twenty-third government of Israel ), Peres served as minister of finance and also continued to be the designated acting prime minister of Israel. Peres and the Alignment finally left

9126-435: The mother who was drop-dead gorgeous and who never told her kind of funny-looking daughter she was pretty." She received widespread critical acclaim, and at age 72, she earned her first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , which she was widely expected to win, but lost to Juliette Binoche for The English Patient . She also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture and

9243-633: The news. Bacall wrote in By Myself that Sinatra only found out the truth years later. Bacall then met and began a relationship with Jason Robards . Their wedding was originally scheduled to take place in Vienna , Austria , on June 16, 1961. The wedding plans were shelved after Austrian authorities refused to grant the couple a marriage license, due to Robards being unable to produce divorce documents from his previous marriage, and Bacall being unable to produce Humphrey Bogart's death certificate. They were also refused

9360-417: The objections after reviewing the written details: "Shimon," he said, "this is a plan that I support not one hundred percent but one hundred and fifty percent! There has to be a military operation." Peres later got the approval from Gur, who became fully supportive. Peres then took the plan to Rabin, who had been lukewarm and still didn't like the risks, but he reluctantly approved the plan after Peres answered

9477-565: The only child of Natalie ( née Weinstein-Bacal; 1901–1969), a secretary who later legally changed her surname to Bacal, and William Perske (1889–1982), who worked in sales. Both of her parents were Jewish . Her mother emigrated from Iași , Romania , through Ellis Island . Her father was born in New Jersey to parents who were born in Valozhyn , at that time a predominantly Jewish community in present-day Belarus . Bacall's parents divorced when she

9594-477: The operation would succeed with almost no losses. Netanyahu left the meeting understanding that Peres would do everything in his power to see that the operation went smoothly. Peres then went unannounced to Moshe Dayan , the former minister of Defense, interrupting his dinner with friends in a restaurant, to show him the latest plan to get his opinion. Peres told Dayan of the objections that had been raised by Rabin and Chief of Staff, Mordechai Gur . Dayan dismissed

9711-611: The picture and to establish Bacall as a movie star. As part of the public-relations push, Bacall visited the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., on February 10, 1945, and sat on a piano as Vice President Harry S. Truman played it. After To Have and Have Not , Bacall appeared with Charles Boyer in Confidential Agent (1945), which was poorly received by critics. By her own estimation, she had been terribly miscast and

9828-698: The public eye. They had three children. In 1946, Peres and Moshe Dayan were chosen as the two youth delegates in the Mapai delegation to the Zionist Congress in Basel . In 1947, Peres joined the Haganah , the predecessor of the Israel Defense Forces . David Ben-Gurion made him responsible for personnel and arms purchases; he was appointed to head the naval service when Israel received independence in 1948. Peres

9945-401: The right of Rabin on domestic matters. Instead of positioning himself in contrast to the incumbent Rabin on policy, Peres instead capitalized off of the political atmosphere and staked his candidacy largely on an argument that the Labor Party needed to satisfy the nation's desire for change by choosing a new leader for itself. On 7 April 1977, Prime Minister Rabin announced that, in the wake of

10062-484: The romance, but, in her autobiography Lauren Bacall by Myself , she wrote that Sinatra ended the relationship abruptly after becoming upset that his marriage proposal had been leaked to the press, believing Bacall to be responsible. However, Bacall states in Lauren Bacall by Myself that when she was out with her friend Irving "Swifty" Lazar , they encountered the gossip columnist Louella Parsons , to whom Lazar revealed

10179-547: The romantic comedies How to Marry a Millionaire (1953) and Designing Woman (1957). She portrayed the female lead in Written on the Wind (1956), which is considered one of Douglas Sirk 's seminal films. She later acted in Harper (1966), Murder on the Orient Express (1974), and The Shootist (1976). Bacall found a career resurgence for her role in the romantic comedy The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996), for which she earned

10296-415: The rotation arrangement, after Peres' two years as prime minister he and Shamir traded places in 1986. Shamir became prime minister of the new twenty-second government of Israel and Peres became foreign minister as well as the designated acting prime minister of Israel . In 1988 the Alignment, led by Peres, suffered another narrow defeat . This came despite the fact that polling in 1988 showed Peres to be

10413-399: The sale of Hawk anti-aircraft missiles to Israel, the first sale of US military equipment to Israel. Peres expressed great appreciation and praise for the American decision to sell Hawk missiles in a speech to the Knesset on 25 June 1963. Peres resigned from the 12th government in late May 1965, citing the growing rift between Prime Minister Eshkol and former prime minister Ben-Gurion (Peres

10530-457: The same family... but I'm not exactly sure what our relation is... It was she who later said that she was my cousin; I didn't say that". Peres told Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson that he had been born as a result of a blessing his parents had received from a chassidic rebbe and that he was proud of it. Peres's grandfather, Rabbi Zvi Meltzer, a grandson of Rabbi Chaim Volozhin , had a great impact on his life. In an interview, Peres said: "As

10647-471: The status of a major star, and was thereby unworthy of the honor: "I want to feel I've earned my place with the best my business has produced." Bacall was under contract to 20th Century-Fox. Following How to Marry a Millionaire , she appeared in yet another CinemaScope comedy directed by Negulesco, Woman's World (1954), which failed to match its predecessor's success at the box office. A television version of Bogart's early film success The Petrified Forest

10764-399: The strong potential of proving unpopular and came with a risk of potentially creating a drastic increase in unemployment. Peres ultimately was convinced to push through the 1985 Israel Economic Stabilization Plan. Once convinced, he was assertive in pushing for the passage of the program, which was quickly after approved by his cabinet on 1 July 1985. This program had quick success in improving

10881-407: The success of the operation, Peres angled to receive some of the credit and adulation, somewhat competing with Rabin for credit. In February 1977, Peres challenged Prime Minister Rabin for the leadership of Labor Party, but lost to Rabin in a narrow 50.72% to 49.28% result in the vote by the party's Central Committee. The leadership election was expected to determine who would lead the party into

10998-539: The syndicated action-adventure radio series Bold Venture . Bacall starred in the first CinemaScope comedy, How to Marry a Millionaire (1953), a runaway hit among critics and at the box office that was directed by Jean Negulesco . She received positive notices for her turn as witty gold-digger Schatze Page. "First honors in spreading mirth go to Miss Bacall," wrote Alton Cook in the New York World-Telegram & Sun , "The most intelligent and predatory of

11115-413: The time of her death, Bacall had an estimated $ 26.6 million estate. The bulk of her estate was divided among her three children: Leslie Bogart, Stephen Humphrey Bogart, and Sam Robards. Additionally, Bacall left $ 250,000 each to her youngest grandsons, the sons of Sam Robards, for college. Film Television Theatre Animation AFI%27s 100 Years...100 Stars The list was unveiled through

11232-480: The trio, she takes complete control of every scene with her acid delivery of viciously witty lines." After the success of How to Marry a Millionaire , Bacall declined the opportunity to press her handprints and footprints in the Grauman's Chinese Theatre 's famed cement forecourt. She felt that "anyone with a picture opening could be represented there, standards had been so lowered" and did not feel that she had yet achieved

11349-656: Was Operation Wooden Leg (a long-range Israeli airstrike against the PLO headquarters in Tunisia) and a trip to Morocco to confer with King Hassan II . In 1985, Peres publicly supported the quick pursuit of a military pullback from Beirut to Israel's south Lebanon security belt. A partial Israeli pullback had earlier been approved in 1983 by the Begin-headed Likud-led government that had been in power at that time. A major domestic policy decision of Peres' first premiership

11466-460: Was a musical version of the film All About Eve (1950), starring Bette Davis , Bacall's idol as a child. A young and unknown Bacall had met Davis years earlier in New York. After a performance of Applause , Davis visited Bacall backstage and told her, "You're the only one who could have played the part." Bacall would later win the Sarah Siddons Award in 1972 and 1984, an award inspired by

11583-414: Was a pivotal year for Bacall's career. She was chosen by Barbra Streisand to play her mother in the romantic comedy The Mirror Has Two Faces , also starring Jeff Bridges , George Segal and Brenda Vaccaro . Todd McCarthy of Variety wrote of her performance "Bacall, posing, rolling her eyes and snapping out the one-liners with consummate skill, is in to play the source of all of Rose’s insecurities,

11700-477: Was a wealthy timber merchant, later branching out into other commodities; his mother was a librarian. Peres had a younger brother, Gershon. He was related to the American film star Lauren Bacall (born Betty Joan Perske), and they were described as first cousins, but Peres said, "In 1952 or 1953, I came to New York... Lauren Bacall called me, said that she wanted to meet, and we did. We sat and talked about where our families came from, and discovered that we were from

11817-535: Was aligned with Ben Gurion). In 1965, Peres and Moshe Dayan were among those that left Mapai with David Ben-Gurion when Ben-Gurion formed a new party, Rafi . Peres was a co-founder of the Rafi party. The party reconciled with Mapai in 1968, merging to form the Israeli Labor Party . The Labor Party then joined the Alignment (a left-wing alliance). In 1969, Peres was appointed minister of immigrant absorption in

11934-479: Was an Israeli politician and statesman who served as the eighth prime minister of Israel from 1984 to 1986 and from 1995 to 1996 and as the ninth president of Israel from 2007 to 2014. He was a member of twelve cabinets and represented five political parties in a political career spanning 70 years. Peres was elected to the Knesset in November 1959 and except for three months out of office in early 2006, served as

12051-593: Was awarded the highest order of the French, the Legion of Honor , as Commander. At Sèvres , Peres took part in planning alongside Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury , Christian Pineau and Chief of Staff of the French Armed Forces General Maurice Challe , and British Foreign Secretary Selwyn Lloyd and his assistant Sir Patrick Dean . Britain and France enlisted Israeli support for an alliance against Egypt. The parties agreed that Israel would invade

12168-642: Was cast in her friend Ingrid Bergman 's role in From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler , a television remake of the 1973 movie by the same title . Years earlier, Bergman had played the role in the film version of Cactus Flower (1969) that Bacall had played on Broadway in 1965. In 1995 portrayed Claire Zachanassian in the Terrence McNally play The Visit at the Chichester Festival . 1996

12285-513: Was director of the Defense Ministry's delegation in the United States in the early 1950s. While in the U.S. he studied English , economics , and philosophy at The New School and New York University , and completed a four-month advanced management course at Harvard University . In 1952, Peres was appointed deputy director general of the Ministry of Defense , and the following year, he

12402-572: Was five, after which she no longer saw her father. She later took the Romanian form of her mother's last name, Bacall. She was close to her mother, who remarried Lee Goldberg and moved to California after Bacall became a star. Through her father, Bacall was related to Shimon Peres (born Szymon Perski), the eighth prime minister and ninth president of Israel . Peres did not know about the relationship until Bacall told him. Bacall's family moved soon after her birth to Brooklyn 's Ocean Parkway . Money from

12519-466: Was her second feature directed by Minnelli and was released in New York on May 16, 1957, four months after Bogart's death on January 14. Bacall appeared in two more films in the 1950s: the Negulesco-directed melodrama The Gift of Love (1958) with Robert Stack and the British adventure film North West Frontier (1959), which was a box-office hit. Bacall was seen in only a handful of films in

12636-534: Was initially described by British Prime Minister Anthony Eden as the "highest form of statesmanship". The three allies, especially Israel, were mainly successful in attaining their immediate military objectives. However, the extremely hostile reaction to the Suez Crisis from both the United States and the USSR forced them to withdraw, resulting in a failure of Britain and France's political and strategic aims of controlling

12753-565: Was often involved in tense negotiations with Charles de Gaulle over the Dimona project. Peres is considered to have been the architect of Israel's secret nuclear weapons program in the 1960s, and he stated that, in the 1960s, he recruited Arnon Milchan , an Israeli-American Hollywood film producer, billionaire businessman, and secret arms dealer and intelligence operative, to work for the Israeli Bureau of Scientific Relations (LEKEM or LAKAM),

12870-465: Was one of the founders of Kibbutz Alumot . In 1941, he was elected Secretary of HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed , a Labor Zionist youth movement, and in 1944 returned to Alumot, where he had an agricultural training and worked as a farmer and a shepherd. At age 20, he was elected to the HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed national secretariat, where he was only one of two Mapai party supporters, out of

12987-711: Was one of the last surviving major stars from the Golden Age of Hollywood cinema. Bacall began a career as a model for the Walter Thornton Model Agency before making her film debut at the age of twenty in To Have and Have Not (1944) as the leading lady opposite Humphrey Bogart , whom she later married. She continued in the film noir genre with appearances alongside Bogart in The Big Sleep (1946), Dark Passage (1947), and Key Largo (1948), and she starred in

13104-415: Was open to acquiescing to the terrorists' demands to release forty Palestinian militants if no military option presented itself. Peres, however, felt acquiescing to be a nonstarter, believing it would encourage further terrorism. Rabin initially took steps to begin negotiations with the terrorists, seeing no other option. Peres felt that negotiating with terrorists would, in effect, be a surrender, and thought

13221-734: Was performed as a 1955 live installment of the weekly dramatic anthology Producers' Showcase , featuring Bogart in his original role of Duke Mantee and starring Bacall and Henry Fonda . In the late 1990s, Bacall donated the only known kinescope of the performance to the Museum of Television & Radio (now the Paley Center for Media ), where it remains archived for viewing in New York City and Los Angeles. Bacall starred in two feature films, The Cobweb and Blood Alley , both released in 1955. Directed by Vincente Minnelli , The Cobweb takes place at

13338-527: Was promoted to director general . At age 29, he was the youngest person to hold this position. He was involved in arms purchases and establishing strategic alliances that were important for the State of Israel. He was instrumental in establishing close relations with France , securing massive amounts of quality arms that, in turn, helped to tip the balance of power in the region. In 1955, he testified against Minister of Defense Pinhas Lavon in what became known as

13455-454: Was so nervous that, to minimize her quivering, she pressed her chin against her chest, faced the camera and tilted her eyes upward. This effect, which came to be known as "The Look", became another Bacall trademark, along with her sultry voice. Bacall's character in the film used Slim Hawks's nickname, "Slim", and Bogart used Howard Hawks's nickname "Steve". The on-set chemistry between the two was immediate, according to Bacall. She and Bogart, who

13572-433: Was the implementation of the 1985 Israel Economic Stabilization Plan. By 1985, Israel's economic fortunes were looking dire, with immense and quickly rising inflation (Israel was experiencing hyperinflation), a government budget deficit equal to between twelve and fifteen percent of the nation's GDP and national debt equal to 220% of the nation's GDP, and Israel's foreign currency reserves were quickly dissipating. With

13689-549: Was unhappily married to Mayo Methot , began a romantic relationship several weeks into shooting. Bacall's role in the script was originally much smaller, but during production, the part was revised and extended several times. After its release, To Have and Have Not catapulted Bacall into instant stardom, and her performance became the cornerstone of her star image that extended into popular culture at large, even influencing fashion as well as filmmakers and other actors. Warner Bros. launched an extensive marketing campaign to promote

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