31-535: Laurance is a surname or given name. Notable people with the name include: Surname [ edit ] John Laurance (1750–1810), American lawyer and politician from New York Matthew Laurance (born 1950), American actor William F. Laurance (born 1957), American-Australian biology professor Bill Laurance (born 1981), English composer, producer, and multi-instrumental musician Given name [ edit ] Laurance Doyle (born 1953), American scientist with
62-564: A British politician who was imprisoned for defying the authority of the government. This was symbolized by the group and was incorporated into the protests. McDougall became the street leader of the Sons of Liberty , and organized continued protests until the city became under de facto control of the Patriots in 1775. He organized the city's reaction to the Tea Tax in 1773 and led their action, similar to
93-578: A commissioned colonel of the 1st New York Regiment by an act of the New York Provincial Congress . Eventually, McDougall would rise the rank of Major General in the Continental Army. Soon after his commission, McDougall's troops were sent north to take part in the invasion of Quebec (1775) , among them were two of McDougall's sons. The Colonel stayed behind to raise funds and troops. The campaign ultimately failed. One of McDougall's sons
124-517: A dairy farm on the island of Manhattan . The family prospered and young Alexander began his commercial career as a delivery boy for milk in New York. In around 1745, when he was fourteen, Alexander signed on as a merchant seaman. He worked on a number of vessels, and then in 1751 he returned to Great Britain for 4 months. After the onset of the French and Indian War in 1756, McDougall became commissioned by
155-620: A member of New York City's Board of Aldermen. He was an ardent supporter of adopting the United States Constitution . Laurance was elected as a Federalist from New York's 2nd congressional district to the United States House of Representatives of the 1st and 2nd United States Congresses , serving from March 4, 1789, to March 3, 1793. During this time, in 1790, his first wife Elizabeth (McDougall) Laurance died, and in 1791 he married Elizabeth Lawrence Allen (d. 1800),
186-810: The American Revolution , and a military leader during the Revolutionary War . He served as a major general in the Continental Army , and as a delegate to the Continental Congress . After the war, he was the president of the first bank in the state of New York and served a term in the New York State Senate . McDougall was born on the Isle of Islay , in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland in
217-634: The Boston Tea Party . He became a member of the Committees of Correspondence and Safety, the New York City Committee of Sixty and when New York established their revolutionary government in 1775, he was elected to the New York Provincial Congress . It was during this prelude to the Revolution that McDougall became close friends with Alexander Hamilton . On 30 June 1775, McDougall became
248-527: The Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War as a commissioned officer from 1775 to 1782. At the outbreak of war in 1775, he was appointed a second lieutenant in the 4th New York Regiment, and took part in the 1775 Invasion of Quebec . In 1776, he received a commission as captain and paymaster of the Continental Army 's 1st New York Regiment, serving under his father-in-law Alexander McDougall (sometimes spelled MacDougall). He
279-688: The Province of New York , British America in 1767 and settled in New York City . He pursued academic studies, then read law in 1772, with Cadwallader Colden , the Lieutenant Governor of New York . He was admitted to the bar and entered private practice in New York City, Province of New York, from July 4, 1776) from 1772 to 1776. In 1775, Laurance married Elizabeth McDougall, the daughter of General Alexander McDougall . Laurance served in
310-610: The Quartering Act , which required the colonists to provide housing and support to the British troops. The Province of New York assembly had refused to pass appropriations for their housing in 1767 and 1768, and had been prorogued. Then, the new assembly of 1769 approved money for the quartering of British troops. On 16 December 1769 McDougall wrote and printed an anonymous broadside, To the Betrayed Inhabitants , which criticized
341-516: The British and allow for the main body of the army to avoid conflict. For much of the remainder of the war, McDougall was stationed in the Highlands of the Hudson as the commander of American forces at West Point, New York (Fort Clinton) after Benedict Arnold 's defection in 1780. Throughout the war, McDougall was an outspoken advocate for the Continental Army and for better conditions for its soldiers. In
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#1732851198555372-403: The Continental Army would be unable to hold the city. The Continental Army needed to make a quick retreat from the city in order to avoid heavy losses. Colonel McDougall helped oversee the evacuation effort by boat. After the Continental Army left New York City, they traveled north and made an initial stand against the British near the village of White Plains . Here, McDougall helped to hold off
403-426: The Revolution, she died and McDougall remarried his landlady's daughter, Hannah Bostwick. During the war, one of his sons died and another was captured by the British. McDougall was well liked and respected by the soldiers he commanded. He continuously advocated for better wages and conditions for soldiers. He was also close friends with Alexander Hamilton and was deeply respected by George Washington , who called him
434-608: The SETI Institute Laurance Rockefeller (1910–2004), American philanthropist, businessman, financier, and conservationist Laurance Rudic (born 1952), British theatre artist Laurance Safford (1893–1973), U.S. Navy cryptologist Laurance Browning VanMeter (born 1958), Kentucky Supreme Court Justice 2017 - present See also [ edit ] Laurence (disambiguation) Lawrence (disambiguation) Laura (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Name list This page or section lists people that share
465-548: The age of fifty-three and was interred in the family vault in the First Presbyterian Church, New York City. Today, his memorial stone is situated prominently on the wall of the First Presbyterian Church of New York in Greenwich Village. MacDougal Street in the New York City 's Greenwich Village is named for him. McDougall married his cousin, Nancy McDougall, during a trip to Great Britain in 1751. After
496-554: The assembly's vote and sparked the Battle of Golden Hill . He was accused of libel and arrested on 7 February 1770, but refused to post bail, so he was jailed. He spent two periods in jail, for a total of about five months, but wasn't convicted and was released in 1771. His imprisonment became another cause for protest. In an effort to paint him as a political martyr, the Sons of Liberty called him, "the Wilkes of America," after John Wilkes ,
527-598: The crown as a merchant privateer . During the war, McDougall commanded two ships; the Tyger , an 8 gun sloop, and the Barrington , a 12 gun sloop. An able captain as well as a knowledgeable merchant, he made a modest fortune in captured ships and the sale of their cargo. In 1763 McDougall gave up the seafaring life. The war had ended, his wife Nancy died, as did his father. He was left with responsibility for his three children and his mother. So he converted his seagoing assets and with
558-693: The rank of colonel and resigned his commission in 1782. He was a charter member of the Society of the Cincinnati . He resumed private practice in New York City from 1782 to 1785. Among Laurance's legal apprentices was Charles Adams , son of President John Adams . He was also active in land speculation and other business ventures with Alexander Hamilton . He was a member of the New York State Assembly , serving from 1782 to 1783 from Westchester County , and from New York County from 1784 to 1785. He
589-569: The same given name or the same family name . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurance&oldid=1206401227 " Categories : Given names Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles John Laurance John Laurance (sometimes spelled "Lawrence" or "Laurence") (1750 – November 11, 1810)
620-502: The small fortune he had accumulated during the war, invested in land and became a merchant and importer. During this period, McDougall also worked as a slave trader. By 1767 he had his affairs in good order. He owned land in Albany County and as far away as North Carolina . He remarried, this time to Hannah Bostwick, the daughter of his landlady. Though their increasing wealth earned them recognition, it did not earn them acceptance into
651-552: The summer of 1732. He was one of the five children of Ranald and Elizabeth McDougall. In 1738 the family emigrated to New York as part of a party led by a British Army veteran, Captain Lachlan Campbell. Campbell had described fertile land available near Fort Edward , but when they arrived in New York City, they discovered that Lachlan had been awarded a patent for about 30,000 acres (12,000 ha) and expected them to become tenants to his estate. Ranald withdrew and found work on
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#1732851198555682-563: The traditional society in New York City. Longstanding members of high society such as the Livingstons and the De Lancey's looked down on him as crude and unpolished. When revolutionary fervor grew with resistance to the Stamp Act , McDougall became active in the Sons of Liberty , and later was a leader in the movement in the colony of New York. Difficulties in the city and colony were increased by
713-679: The widow of attorney James Allen, and mother of four children. Laurance was nominated by President George Washington on May 5, 1794, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of New York vacated by Judge James Duane . He was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 6, 1794, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on November 8, 1796, due to his resignation, after his election as United States Senator from New York. Laurance
744-626: The winter of 1783 he was at the head of the committee of army officers who the bore complaints about pay from Newburgh to Congress. McDougall was also involved in the establishment of an American navy in 1776. In 1780, he was elected as delegate to the Continental Congress. He spent only 37 days in Congress, however, he was soon nominated to serve as the Secretary of Marine . He served in that role from 7 February 1781 – 29 August 1781. In 1784, he
775-431: Was Judge Advocate General from 1777 to 1782. Among the cases he handled were prosecuting at the court-martial of Charles Lee for insubordination in 1778, and the 1779 court-martial of Benedict Arnold for corruption. He also presided at the trial of Major John André , serving on the 1780 board that convicted the major of spying and sentenced him to death by hanging, and was the board's recorder. Laurance attained
806-601: Was a delegate to the 6th, 7th, and 8th Congresses of the Confederation , a United States representative and United States Senator from New York and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of New York . Laurance briefly served as President pro tempore of the United States Senate in December 1798. Born in 1750, near Falmouth, Cornwall , England, Laurance immigrated to
837-556: Was a regent of the University of the State of New York in 1784. He was a trustee of Columbia College (now Columbia University ) from 1784 to 1810. He was a delegate to the 6th, 7th and 8th Congresses of the Confederation ( Continental Congresses ) from 1785 to 1787. He was a member of the New York State Senate from 1788 to 1790. While serving in the State Senate, Laurance was also
868-490: Was captured and the other died of a fever near Montreal. During the early period of the war, McDougall played a role, in collaboration with Peter T. Curtenius , in preparing for the siege of New York by the Regulars. The city was unprepared for an extended fight and the defense of the city was a primary focus for George Washington and his staff. When the Regulars won the Battle of Long Island , it quickly became apparent that
899-538: Was elected as a Federalist to the United States Senate from New York to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of United States Senator Rufus King and served from November 9, 1796, until August 1800, when he resigned. He served as President pro tempore of the United States Senate during the 5th United States Congress . Following his departure from Congress, Laurance resumed private practice in New York City from 1800 to 1810, also residing there until his death. He died on November 11, 1810, in New York City. He
930-565: Was elected to the State Senate where he served until his death. In his role as State Senator, McDougall was involved in the successful movement to separate church and state in the New York State government and the unsuccessful movement to not issue paper money. McDougall was the first president of the Bank of New York as well as the New York Society of the Cincinnati. He died 9 June 1786, at
961-608: Was interred at the First Presbyterian Church in Manhattan . After more than two centuries of neglect by historians, the first book-length study of John Laurance was published by the American Philosophical Society in 2019. Alexander McDougall Alexander McDougall (1732 – 9 June 1786) was a Scottish-born American seaman, merchant, a Sons of Liberty leader from New York City before and during