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17-606: Lathen is a municipality in the Emsland district, in Lower Saxony , Germany . It is the location of the Emsland Transrapid Test facility , a testing site for Transrapid maglev trains. This Emsland district location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Emsland Landkreis Emsland ( German: [ˈɛmsˌlant] ) is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany named after

34-602: A governmental plan for the development of Emsland was adopted. Its aim was to turn the region into an industrial location. This was accomplished by draining the fens and establishing projects like the test track of the maglev " Transrapid " and several large shipyards such as the Meyer-Werft in Papenburg . Although the Landkreis Emsland lost much of its original character, some areas retain their natural character, for example

51-632: Is an absolutely plain countryside, which was once full of fens. The only elevations are in the Hümmling , which is a hilly forest area east of the Ems. Although the Emsland region is nowadays primarily a county among many others in Lower Saxony, its locals have what could be called a distinct sense of regional pride which will unlikely be found elsewhere in this state. The coat of arms displays: The wavy line symbolises

68-588: The Emslandlager ("Emsland camps") held thousands of political opponents of the Nazi Party , located outside Börgermoor , now part of the commune Surwold , not far from Papenburg . A memorial of these camps, the Dokumentations- und Informationszentrum (DIZ) Emslandlager, is located at Papenburg. The well known resistance song " Peat Bog Soldiers " was composed by political prisoners at one of these camps. In 1950

85-563: The Kingdom of Hanover . The Duchy of Arenberg continued to exist as a fief of the Hanoverian kings. When Hanover was annexed by Prussia (1866), the dukes were deposed soon after (1875). The now Prussian Province of Hanover was subdivided into districts in 1885; four districts were established on the territory of what is now the Landkreis Emsland. The districts were merged in 1977 to form the present district. Under Nazi rule , labour camps known as

102-615: The United Provinces of the Netherlands , of which Germany and the Netherlands ultimately became the modern day successor states . Many of the border agreements and treaties drawn up between these states were adopted by subsequent treaties and remain in force today. Treaties with Prussia largely delimited and provided for the demarcation of the southern portion of the Germany–Netherlands border from Losser south to Vaals . Among

119-632: The Dutch side, the provinces are Groningen , Drenthe , Overijssel , Gelderland and Limburg . The maritime border is disputed in a part of the Ems estuary outside the Dollart bay, where Germany has the view that the state border runs on the left bank of the Ems, while the Netherlands regards the Thalweg as its border. This is based on interpretations of old treaties. Germany relies on a bill of enfeoffment from 1464, when German Emperor Frederick III raised Ulrich I ,

136-452: The German state of Lower Saxony ). Thus according to international law, the boundary should be at the center of the navigation channel. In 2014 the two nations' foreign ministers met to put an end to the dispute. It was decided that the border should remain ambiguous and responsibility for the region in question shared. There are at least 60 official road crossings and six railway crossings of

153-565: The Hümmling. The 1977 district reforms in Lower Saxony united the former districts of Lingen , Meppen and Aschendorf-Hümmling in the district of Emsland, with Meppen as administrative seat. The Emsland remains a very Roman Catholic region compared to other parts of Lower Saxony. The district is located on the Dutch border . It is named after the Ems river , which crosses the region from south to north. It

170-485: The agreements and treaties were: Treaties with Hannover largely delimited and provided for the demarcation of the northern portion of the Germany–Netherlands border north of Losser . Among the agreements and treaties were: The Paris Protocol of 22 March 1949, following World War II, the commission made 19 provisional changes in the frontier allowing the Netherlands to annex pieces of German territory totaling 26 square miles and 487 acres. The annexation

187-528: The border. Both countries are part of the Schengen Area and the European Union , so there are minimal or non-existent border controls. Motorways crossing the border: Railways crossing the border: The modern border today is the result of centuries of border negotiations and agreements between the states and other political entities in the region, such as the Kingdom of Prussia , Kingdom of Hannover and

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204-587: The large Rhine river. It also runs for about 100 kilometres (62 mi) along the Meuse valley, although most of the time a few kilometres to the east of the Meuse river rather than along it, before leaving the valley at the last portion of border to the border tripoint located at Vaalserberg about three kilometres (1.9 mi) west of Aachen . The German states which share the international border are (from north to south) Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia while on

221-459: The river Ems . It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Leer , Cloppenburg and Osnabrück , the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (district of Steinfurt ), the district of Bentheim in Lower Saxony, and the Netherlands (provinces of Drenthe and Groningen ). For a long time the region of the Emsland was extremely sparsely populated, due to the fens on both sides of

238-411: The river Ems. (Population 2005) Free municipalities and towns Samtgemeinden Dörpen Freren Herzlake Lathen Lengerich Nordhümmling Sögel Spelle Werlte Germany%E2%80%93Netherlands border The border is located in the northwestern part of Germany and the east of the Netherlands. The border runs as a fairly irregular line from

255-523: The river. Small villages were established in medieval times along the river and on the Hümmling . In the 13th century the bishops of Münster gained control over the region; the Emsland remained property of the bishop until 1803, when the clerical states were dissolved. It came under rule of Prussia and Arenberg , but after the Napoleonic Wars the Congress of Vienna decided to hand the territory over to

272-535: The shore of the Dollart bay which is part of the Ems river estuary in the north to the Belgium–Germany–Netherlands tripoint at Vaalserberg . The length of the border is around 570 kilometres (350 mi) in length, although the straight distance between the two border end points is 288 kilometres (179 mi). The border runs along portions of rivers, including for eight kilometres (5.0 mi) along

289-600: The son of a local chieftain to the status of Imperial Count, in which the County of East Frisia is described as "von der Westeremse osterwards" (thus including the Ems). According to the Netherlands, this has lapsed in the French period  – after the incorporation in France of both areas of West Frisia (now part of the Dutch provinces of Groningen and Friesland ) and East Frisia (now part of

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