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90-542: 48°53′19″N 2°20′24″E  /  48.8886°N 2.33998°E  / 48.8886; 2.33998 Lapin Agile [la.pɛ̃ a.ʒil] is a famous Montmartre cabaret , at 22 Rue des Saules, 18th arrondissement of Paris , France. The venue existed circa 1860 under the name Au rendez-vous des voleurs , meaning "Where the Thieves Meet". Some twenty years later, the walls were decorated with portraits of famous murderers and

180-533: A merger of Line 3bis and Line 7bis , Line 12 , as well as a new proposed Line 19 in the city's outer suburbs. Besides the Métro, central Paris and its urban area are served by five RER lines (602 km or 374 mi with 257 stations), fourteen tramway lines (186.6 km or 115.9 mi with 278 stations), nine Transilien suburban trains (1,299 km or 807 mi with 392 stations), in addition to three VAL lines at Charles de Gaulle Airport and Orly Airport , making Paris one of

270-452: A 20 meters (65 ft 7 in)-wide railroad. The last remaining hurdle was the city's concern about national interference in its urban rail system. The city commissioned renowned engineer Jean-Baptiste Berlier , who designed Paris' postal network of pneumatic tubes, to design and plan its rail system in the early 1890s. Berlier recommended a special track gauge of 1,300 mm ( 4 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 16  in ) (versus

360-637: A common designation and brand name for rapid transit systems in France and in many cities elsewhere. The Métro is operated by the Régie autonome des transports parisiens (RATP), a public transport authority that also operates part of the RER network, light rail lines and many bus routes. The name Métro was adopted in many languages, making it the most used word for a (generally underground) urban transit system. "Compagnie du chemin de fer métropolitain" may have been adapted from

450-422: A community of nuns. By the 15th century, the north and northeast slopes of the hill were the site of a village surrounded by vineyards, gardens and orchards of peach and cherry trees . The first mills were built on the western slope in 1529, grinding wheat , barley and rye . There were thirteen mills at one time, though by the late nineteenth century only two remained, During the 1590 Siege of Paris , in

540-465: A compromise with the state. On 20 April 1896, Paris adopted the Fulgence Bienvenüe project, which was to serve only the city proper of Paris. Many Parisians worried that extending lines to industrial suburbs would reduce the safety of the city. Paris forbade lines to the inner suburbs and, as a guarantee, Métro trains were to run on the right, as opposed to existing suburban lines, which ran on

630-551: A dance at Montmartre on a Sunday afternoon. Maurice Utrillo lived at the same address from 1906 to 1914, and Raoul Dufy shared an atelier there from 1901 to 1911. The building is now the Musée de Montmartre . Pablo Picasso , Amedeo Modigliani and other artists lived and worked in a building called Le Bateau-Lavoir during the years 1904–1909, where Picasso painted one of his most important masterpieces, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon . Several composers, including Erik Satie , lived in

720-489: A large number of cannon in a park at the top of the hill, near where the basilica is today. On 18 March 1871, the soldiers from the French Army tried to remove the cannon from the hilltop. They were blocked by members of the politically radicalised Paris National Guard , who captured and then killed two French army generals, and installed a revolutionary government that lasted two months. The heights of Montmartre were retaken by

810-529: A large number of omnibus lines, consolidated by the French government into a regulated system with fixed and unconflicting routes and schedules. The first concrete proposal for an urban rail system in Paris was put forward by civil engineer Florence de Kérizouet. This plan called for a surface cable car system. In 1855, civil engineers Edouard Brame and Eugène Flachat proposed an underground freight urban railroad, due to

900-405: A massive impact on the Métro. Services were limited and many stations closed. The risk of bombing meant the service between Place d'Italie and Étoile was transferred from Line 5 to Line 6, so that most of the elevated portions of the Métro would be on Line 6. As a result, Lines 2 and 6 now form a circle. Most stations were too shallow to be used as bomb shelters. The French Resistance used

990-463: A new underground network, whereas the Parisians favoured a new and independent network and feared national takeover of any system it built. The disagreement lasted from 1856 to 1890. Meanwhile, the population became denser and traffic congestion grew massively. The deadlock put pressure on the authorities and gave the city the green light. Prior to 1845, the urban transport network consisted primarily of

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1080-521: A peaceful compromise between the even more radical Paris Commune and the more conservative French government. The Commune refused to recognize him as mayor, and seized the town hall. He ran for a seat in the council of the Paris Commune, but received less than eight hundred votes. He did not participate in the Commune, and was out of the city when the Commune was suppressed by the French army. In 1876, he again

1170-592: A play, Picasso at the Lapin Agile , which had a successful run in Chicago, Los Angeles, and elsewhere. The play depicted an imagined meeting in 1904 between Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein at the Lapin Agile. Montmartre The other church on the hill, Saint Pierre de Montmartre , built in 1147, was the church of the prestigious Montmartre Abbey. On 15 August 1534, Saint Ignatius of Loyola, Saint Francis Xavier and five other companions bound themselves by vows in

1260-562: A premium paid alternative offer proposed for a faster internet connection. As of 2020, the entire RATP network was connected with 4G service, including within tunnels. The automated Line 1 , Line 4 and Line 14 – as well as some congested stations on Line 13 – have platform edge doors ('porte palière') separating the tracks from the platform. The vast majority of Métro stations are not accessible to all. The 20 stations of Line 14 (which first opened in 1998) are fully accessible, and all line extensions since 1992 have included lifts at

1350-562: A serious debate occurred over whether the new system should consist of elevated lines or of mostly underground lines; this debate involved numerous parties in France, including Victor Hugo , Guy de Maupassant , and the Eiffel Society of Gustave Eiffel , and continued until 1892. Eventually the underground option emerged as the preferred solution because of the high cost of buying land for rights-of-way in central Paris required for elevated lines, estimated at 70,000 francs per metre of line for

1440-857: Is a rapid transit system serving the Paris metropolitan area in France. A symbol of the city, it is known for its density within the capital's territorial limits, uniform architecture and historical entrances influenced by Art Nouveau . The system is 245.6 kilometres (152.6 mi) long, mostly underground. It has 320 stations of which 61 have transfers between lines. Operated by the Régie autonome des transports parisiens ( RATP ), it has sixteen lines (with an additional four under construction ), numbered 1 to 14, with two lines, Line 3bis and Line 7bis , named because they used to be part of Line 3 and Line 7 , respectively. Three lines ( 1 , 4 and 14 ) are automated . Lines are identified on maps by number and colour, with

1530-463: Is a paper ticket aimed at visitors offering unlimited trips for a duration of one, two, three or five days, for zones 1–3 covering the centre of Paris, or zones 1–5 covering the whole of the network including the RER to the airports, Versailles and Disneyland Paris. A single ticket to or from Orly Airport on Métro line 14 costs €10.30. On 26 June 2012, it was announced that the Métro would get Wi-Fi in most stations. Access provided would be free, with

1620-483: Is also the setting for several hit films. The area is served by the underground Métro , with Line 2 stations at Barbès–Rochechouart , Anvers , Pigalle and Blanche , Line 4 stations at Château Rouge and Barbès–Rochechouart, as well as Line 12 stations at Pigalle, Abbesses , Lamarck–Caulaincourt and Jules Joffrin . It is also served by the Montmartre Funicular . The historic district established by

1710-409: Is available in paper form, or can be loaded onto a Navigo Easy pass. As of 2024, it costs €2.15 per ticket, and is also available as a pack of ten tickets (a carnet ) for €17.35 on Navigo Easy. Daily, weekly, and monthly passes are available for users of a Navigo card , an RFID -based contactless smart card . Daily tickets are also available as paper tickets until the end of 2024. Paris Visite

1800-442: Is in the house where the painters Maurice Utrillo and Suzanne Valadon lived and worked in second-floor studios. The house was Pierre-Auguste Renoir 's first Montmartre address. Many other personalities moved through the premises. The mansion in the garden at the back is the oldest hotel on Montmartre, and one of its first owners was Claude de la Rose, a 17th-century actor known as Rosimond , who bought it in 1680. Claude de la Rose

1890-501: Is located in the centre of the Montmartre district in the 18th arrondissement of Paris, behind and slightly northwest of Sacre Coeur Basilica . Since this was the heart of artistic Paris at the turn of the twentieth century, there was much discussion at the cabaret about "the meaning of art". The Lapin Agile was also popular with Montmartre residents including pimps, eccentrics, poorer people, local anarchists, as well as with students from

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1980-496: Is no longer required. The standard ticket for a single trip is the Ticket t+. It is valid for a multi-transfer journey within 90 minutes from the first validation. It can be used on the Métro (excluding Orly Airport), buses and trams, and in zone 1 of the RER. It allows unlimited transfers between the same mode of transport (i.e. Métro to Métro, bus to bus and tram to tram), between bus and tram, and between Métro and RER zone 1. The ticket

2070-763: Is the red-light district of Pigalle . That area is, today, largely known for a wide variety of stores specializing in instruments for rock music. There are also several concert halls, also used for rock music. The actual Moulin Rouge theatre is also in Pigalle, near the Blanche métro station. See: Category:People of Montmartre 48°53′13″N 02°20′28″E  /  48.88694°N 2.34111°E  / 48.88694; 2.34111 Paris M%C3%A9tro The Paris Métro ( French : Métro de Paris , [metʁo d(ə) paʁi] ), short for Métropolitain ( [metʁɔpɔlitɛ̃] ),

2160-470: Is the fifth RER line. It terminates at Haussmann–Saint-Lazare , but a new project, financed by EPAD, the public authority managing the La Défense business district, should extend it west to La Défense–Grande Arche and the suburbs beyond. Between 2007 and November 2011, Line 1 was converted to driverless operation. The line was operated with a combination of driver-operated trains and driverless trains until

2250-692: The Latin Quarter and a sprinkling of upper-class bourgeoisie. The Lapin Agile is largely unchanged and maintains its tradition as an informal cabaret venue. It is located in a stone building on the steep and cobbled Rue des Saules and showcases poets and singers who perform French songs dating back as far as the fifteenth century. Pablo Picasso's 1905 oil painting, Au Lapin Agile ("At the Lapin Agile") helped to make this cabaret world-famous. The cabaret has been captured on canvas by other Montmartre artists, such as Roman Greco and Maurice Utrillo . In 1993 American comedian and entertainer, Steve Martin , wrote

2340-467: The fontaine Saint-Denis (on modern impasse Girardon ), then descended the north slope of the hill, where he died. Hilduin wrote that a church had been built "in the place formerly called Mont de Mars, and then, by a happy change, 'Mont des Martyrs'." In 1134, King Louis VI purchased the Merovingian chapel and built on the site the church of Saint-Pierre de Montmartre , still standing. He also founded

2430-454: The place du Tertre . By the 19th century, the butte was famous for its cafés, guinguettes with public dancing, and cabarets. Le Chat Noir at 84 boulevard de Rochechouart was founded in 1881 by Rodolphe Salis , and became a popular haunt for writers and poets. The composer Eric Satie earned money by playing the piano there. The Moulin Rouge at 94 boulevard de Clichy was founded in 1889 by Joseph Oller and Charles Zidler ; it became

2520-510: The standard gauge of 1,435 mm or 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) to protect the system from national takeover, which inflamed the issue substantially. The issue was finally settled when the Minister of Public Works begrudgingly recognized the city's right to build a local system on 22 November 1895, and by the city's secret designing of the trains and tunnels to be too narrow for mainline trains, while adopting standard gauge as

2610-447: The "balai" (broom) because it sweeps up remaining passengers, arrives at the terminus at 1:15 a.m., except on Fridays (since 7 December 2007), Saturdays and on nights before a holiday, when the service ends at 2:15 a.m. On New Year's Eve , Fête de la Musique , Nuit Blanche and other events, some stations on Lines 1, 4, 6, 9 and 14 remain open all night. Tickets are sold at staffed counters and at automated machines in

2700-450: The 105.4 km (41 sq mi) of the City of Paris. Châtelet–Les Halles , with five Métro and three RER commuter rail lines, is one of the world's largest metro stations. The system generally has poor accessibility since most stations were built underground well before ease of access started being taken into consideration. The first line opened without ceremony on 19 July 1900, during

2790-616: The 2.9-metre or 9-foot-6-inch carriages in Lyon) and trains on Lines 1, 4 and 14 have capacities of 600–700 passengers; this is as compared with 2,600 on the Altéo MI 2N trains of RER A. The City of Paris deliberately chose to build narrow Métro tunnels to prevent the running of mainline trains; the city of Paris and the French state had historically poor relations. In contrast to many other historical metro systems (such as New York, Madrid, London, and Boston), all lines have tunnels and operate trains with

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2880-450: The 7th and 9th centuries, most of the sarcophagi found in ancient sites were made of molded gypsum. In modern times, the mining was done with explosives, which riddled the ground under the butte with tunnels, making the ground very unstable and difficult to build upon. The construction of the Basilica of Sacré-Cœur required making a special foundation that descended 40 metres (130 ft) under

2970-526: The 8th century cite the name of mons Mercori (Mount Mercury); a 9th-century text speaks of Mount Mars. Excavations in 1975 north of the Church of Saint-Pierre found coins from the 3rd century and the remains of a major wall. Earlier excavations in the 17th century at the Fontaine-du-But (2 rue Pierre-Dac) found vestiges of Roman baths from the 2nd century. The butte owes its particular religious importance to

3060-811: The Belgian Baron Édouard Empain , won the contract; this company was then immediately reorganized as the Compagnie du chemin de fer métropolitain . Construction began in November 1898. The first line, Porte Maillot – Porte de Vincennes , was inaugurated on 19 July 1900 during the Paris World's Fair . Entrances to stations were designed in Art Nouveau style by Hector Guimard . Eighty-six of his entrances are still in existence. Bienvenüe's project consisted of 10 lines, which correspond to current Lines 1 to 9. Construction

3150-578: The City of Paris in 1995 contains 60 ha (150 acres). and is bordered by Rue Caulaincourt and Rue Custine on the north, the Rue de Clignancourt on the east and the Boulevard de Clichy and Boulevard de Rochechouart to the south. The toponym Mons Martis , Latin for "Mount of Mars", survived into Merovingian times, gallicised as Montmartre. Archaeological excavations show that the heights of Montmartre were occupied from at least Gallo-Roman times. Texts from

3240-639: The French Army with heavy fighting at the end of May 1871, during what became known as the Semaine Sanglante , or "Bloody Week". In 1870, the future French prime minister during World War I, Georges Clemenceau , was appointed mayor of the 18th arrondissement, including Montmartre, by the new government of the Third Republic , and was also elected to the National Assembly . A member of the radical republican party, Clemenceau tried unsuccessfully to find

3330-713: The Ligne de Vincennes (eastbound) with the intention of joining them and to serve multiple districts of central Paris with new underground stations. The new line created by this merger became Line A. The Ligne de Sceaux, which served the southern suburbs and was bought by the CMP in the 1930s, would be extended north to merge with a line of the SNCF and reach the new Charles de Gaulle Airport in Roissy. This became Line B . These new lines were inaugurated in 1977 and their wild success outperformed all

3420-636: The Martyrium of Saint Denis, 11 Rue Yvonne Le Tac, the first step in the creation of the Jesuits . Near the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th, during the Belle Époque , many artists lived, worked, or had studios in or around Montmartre, including Amedeo Modigliani , Claude Monet , Pierre-Auguste Renoir , Edgar Degas , Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec , Suzanne Valadon , Piet Mondrian , Pablo Picasso , Camille Pissarro and Vincent van Gogh . Montmartre

3510-456: The Métro's own rabbit mascot , which advises children on staying away from the closing doors. Métro is the abbreviated name of the company that originally operated most of the network: the Empain group subsidiary Compagnie du chemin de fer métropolitain de Paris S.A. ("Paris Metropolitan Railway Company Ltd."), shortened to "Le Métropolitain". It was quickly abbreviated to Métro , which became

3600-503: The Paris Métro mostly uses two-way tunnels. As in most French métro and tramway systems, trains drive on the right ( SNCF trains run on the left track). The tracks are 1,435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) standard gauge . Electric power is supplied by a third rail which carries 750 volts DC . The width of the carriages, 2.4 metres (7 ft 10 in), is narrower than that of newer French systems (such as

3690-634: The RATP to stop extending lines and concentrate on modernisation. The MP 51 prototype was built, testing both rubber-tyred metro and basic automatic driving on the voie navette . The first replacements of the older Sprague trains began with experimental articulated trains and then with mainstream rubber-tyred Métro MP 55 and MP 59 , some of the latter still in service (Line 11). Thanks to newer trains and better signalling, trains ran more frequently. The population boomed from 1950 to 1980. Car ownership became more common and suburbs grew further from

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3780-566: The RER developed by the SNCF would never match the success of the RATP's two RER lines. In 1979, the SNCF developed Line C by joining the suburban lines of the Gare d'Austerlitz and Gare d'Orsay , the latter being converted into a museum dedicated to impressionist paintings. During the 1980s, it developed Line D , which was the second line planned by the initial RER schedule, but serving Châtelet instead of République to reduce costs. A huge Métro-RER hub

3870-568: The Royal Abbey of Montmartre , a monastery of the Benedictine order , whose buildings, gardens and fields occupied most of Montmartre. He also built a small chapel, called the Martyrium , at the site where it was believed that Saint Denis had been decapitated. It became a popular pilgrimage site. In the 17th century, a priory called abbaye d'en bas was built at that site, and in 1686 it was occupied by

3960-474: The World's Fair ( Exposition Universelle ). The system expanded quickly until World War I and the core was complete by the 1920s; extensions into suburbs were built in the 1930s. The network reached saturation after World War II with new trains to allow higher traffic, but further improvements have been limited by the design of the network and, in particular, the short distances between stations. In 1998, Line 14

4050-440: The area. The last of the bohemian Montmartre artists was Gen Paul (1895–1975), born in Montmartre and a friend of Utrillo. Paul's calligraphic expressionist lithographs, sometimes memorializing picturesque Montmartre itself, owe a lot to Raoul Dufy . Among the last of the neighborhood's bohemian gathering places was R-26 , an artistic salon frequented by Josephine Baker , Le Corbusier and Django Reinhardt . Its name

4140-552: The birthplace of the French cancan . Artists who performed in the cabarets of Montmartre included Yvette Guilbert , Marcelle Lender , Aristide Bruant , La Goulue , Georges Guibourg , Mistinguett , Fréhel , Jane Avril , and Damia . During the Belle Époque from 1872 to 1914, many artists lived and worked in Montmartre, where the rents were low and the atmosphere congenial. Pierre-Auguste Renoir rented space at 12 rue Cortot in 1876 to paint Bal du moulin de la Galette , showing

4230-683: The centre of Paris. The main railway stations, termini of the suburban rail lines, were overcrowded during rush hour. The short distance between Métro stations slowed the network and made it unprofitable to build extensions. The solution in the 1960s was to revive a project abandoned at the end of the 19th century : joining suburban lines to new underground portions in the city centre as the Réseau Express Régional (regional express network; RER). The RER plan initially included one east–west line and two north–south lines. RATP bought two unprofitable SNCF lines—the Ligne de Saint-Germain (westbound) and

4320-405: The cities in the world best served by public transportation. Despite the network's uniform architecture, several of its stations stand out at the hand of their unique design. The Métro itself has become an icon in popular culture, being frequently featured in cinema and mentioned in music. In 2021, the RATP started offering an umbrella lending service at several Métro and RER stations, highlighting

4410-522: The city. Montmartre remained outside of the city limits of Paris until January 1, 1860, when it was annexed to the city along with other communities ( faubourgs ) surrounding Paris, and became part of the 18th arrondissement of Paris . In 1871, Montmartre was the site of the beginning of the revolutionary uprising of the Paris Commune . During the Franco-Prussian War , the French army had stored

4500-525: The delivery of the last of its driverless MP 05 trains in February 2013. The same conversion for Line 4 was completed on 13 January 2022, with the last non-automatic train removed from that line on 17 December 2023, and RATP would now like to automate Line 13. Line 14 was automated from Day 1, as will the lines 15 to 18 which are being built as part of the Grand Paris Express . Several extensions to

4590-399: The difficult and heterogeneous soils and rocks. Line 1 and Line 4 were conceived as central east–west and north–south lines. Two lines, ligne 2 Nord (Line 2 North) and ligne 2 Sud (Line 2 South), were also planned but Line 2 South was merged with Line 5 in 1906. Line 3 was an additional east–west line to the north of line 1 and line 5 an additional north to south line to

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4680-502: The direction of travel indicated by the terminus. It is the second-busiest metro system in Europe , after the Moscow Metro , as well as the tenth-busiest in the world. It carried 1.498 billion passengers in 2019, roughly 4.1 million passengers a day, which makes it the most used public transport system in Paris. It is one of the densest metro systems in the world, with 244 stations within

4770-546: The east of Line 4. Line 6 would run from Nation to Place d'Italie . Lines  7 , 8 and 9 would connect commercial and office districts around the Opéra to residential areas in the north-east and the south-west. Bienvenüe also planned a circular line, the ligne circulaire intérieure , to connect the six mainline stations. A section opened in 1923 between Invalides and the Boulevard Saint-Germain before

4860-467: The former abbey. The main businesses of the commune were wine making, stone quarries and gypsum mines. The mining of gypsum had begun in the Gallo-Roman period , first in open air mines and then underground, and continued until 1860. The gypsum was cut into blocks, baked, then ground and put into sacks. Sold as montmartarite , it was used for plaster, because of its resistance to fire and water. Between

4950-450: The greater Paris area. The Métro is mostly underground (225.2 km or 139.9 mi of 245.6 km or 152.6 mi). Above-ground sections consist of elevated railway viaducts within Paris (on Lines 1, 2, 5 and 6) and the at-level suburban ends of Lines 1, 5, 8, and 13. The tunnels are relatively close to the surface due to the variable nature of the terrain, which complicates deep digging; exceptions include parts of Line 12 under

5040-478: The ground to hold the structure in place. A fossil tooth found in one of these mines was identified by Georges Cuvier as an extinct equine , which he dubbed Palaeotherium , the "ancient animal". His sketch of the entire animal in 1825 was matched by a skeleton discovered later. Russian soldiers occupied Montmartre during the Battle of Paris in 1814. They used the altitude of the hill for artillery bombardment of

5130-582: The high rate of accidents on surface rail lines. On 19 November 1871 the General Council of the Seine commissioned a team of 40 engineers to plan an urban rail network. This team proposed a network with a pattern of routes "resembling a cross enclosed in a circle" with axial routes following large boulevards. On 11 May 1872 the Council endorsed the plan, but the French government turned down the plan. After this point,

5220-448: The high-quality decoration of its stations, the trains' extreme comfort and pretty lighting. Nord-Sud did not become profitable and bankruptcy became unavoidable. By the end of 1930, the CMP bought Nord-Sud. Line A became Line 12 and Line B Line 13 . Line C was built and renamed Line 14 ; that line was reorganised in 1937 with Lines 8 and 10. This partial line is now the south part of Line 13. The last Nord-Sud train set

5310-525: The hill of Montmartre and line 2 under Ménilmontant . The tunnels mostly follow the twists and turns of the streets above. During construction in 1900, a minimum radius of curvature of just 75 metres (246 ft) was imposed, but even this low standard was not adhered to at Bastille and Notre-Dame-de-Lorette . Like the New York City Subway , and in contrast with the London Underground ,

5400-461: The inner suburbs of Boulogne . The line C planned by Nord-Sud between Montparnasse station and Porte de Vanves was built as Line 14 (different from present Line 14 ). It extended north in encompassing the already-built portion between Invalides and Duroc, initially planned as part of the inner circular. The over-busy Belleville funicular tramway would be replaced by a new line, Line 11 , extended to Châtelet . Lines 10, 11 and 14 were thus

5490-537: The last decade of the French Wars of Religion , Henry IV placed his artillery on top of the butte of Montmartre to fire down into the city. The siege eventually failed when a large relief force approached and forced Henry to withdraw. The abbey was destroyed in 1790 during the French Revolution , and the convent demolished to make place for gypsum mines . The last abbess, Marie-Louise de Laval-Montmorency ,

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5580-527: The left. Unlike many other subway systems (such as that of London), this system was designed from the outset as a system of (initially) nine lines. Such a large project required a private-public arrangement right from the outset – the city would build most of the permanent way, while a private concessionaire company would supply the trains and power stations, and lease the system (each line separately, for initially 39-year leases). In July 1897, six bidders competed, and The Compagnie Generale de Traction, owned by

5670-467: The most optimistic forecasts to the extent that line A is the most used urban rail line in Europe with nearly 300 million journeys a year. Because of the enormous cost of these two lines, the third planned line was abandoned and the authorities decided that later developments of the RER network would be more cheaply developed by the SNCF, alongside its continued management of other suburban lines. However,

5760-592: The name had evolved into "Cabaret Au Lapin Agile", or the Nimble Rabbit Cabaret. The original painting on canvas was stolen in 1893; a reproduction on timber was painted to take its place. The Lapin Agile was bought in the early twentieth century by the cabaret singer, comedian, and nightclub owner Aristide Bruant to save it from demolition. The Lapin Agile became a favourite spot for struggling artists and writers, including Picasso , Modigliani , Apollinaire , Roman Greco, and Maurice Utrillo . The Lapin Agile

5850-468: The name of London's pioneering underground railway company, the Metropolitan Railway , which had been in business for almost 40 years prior to the inauguration of Paris's first line. By 1845, Paris and the railway companies were already thinking about an urban railway system to link inner districts of the city. The railway companies and the French government wanted to extend mainline railways into

5940-689: The neighbourhood. Most of the artists left after the outbreak of World War I, the majority of them going to the Montparnasse quarter. Artists' associations such as Les Nabis and the Incohérents were formed and individuals including Vincent van Gogh , Pierre Brissaud , Alfred Jarry , Jacques Villon , Raymond Duchamp-Villon , Henri Matisse , André Derain , Suzanne Valadon , Edgar Degas , Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec , Théophile Steinlen , and African-American expatriates such as Langston Hughes worked in Montmartre and drew some of their inspiration from

6030-426: The new stations. By 2025, 23 stations on the Métro will be accessible, following extensions to existing lines. The four new lines of the Grand Paris Express will also be fully accessible from day 1. The Law on Equal Rights and Opportunities, Participation and Citizenship of Persons with Disabilities of 2005  [ fr ] does not require the Métro to be made accessible. RATP estimates that retrofitting

6120-459: The only two on the network to be split in branches. The RATP would like to get rid of those saturated branches in order to improve the network's efficiency. A project existed to attribute to line 14 one branch of each line, and to extend them further into the suburbs. This project was abandoned. In 1999, the RER Line E was inaugurated. Known during its conception as Eole (Est-Ouest Liaison Express), it

6210-503: The place became known as the Cabaret des Assassins . Tradition relates that the cabaret received this name because a band of gangsters broke in and killed the owner's son in a robbery attempt. In 1875, the artist Andre Gill painted the sign that was to suggest its permanent name. It was a picture of a rabbit jumping out of a saucepan, and residents began calling their neighbourhood night-club Le Lapin à Gill , meaning "Gill's rabbit". Over time,

6300-631: The plan was abandoned. On 31 January 1904, a second concession was granted to the Société du chemin de fer électrique souterrain Nord-Sud de Paris (Paris North-South underground electrical railway company), abbreviated to the Nord-Sud (North-South) company. It was responsible for building three proposed lines: Line A was inaugurated on 4 November 1910, after being postponed because of floods in January that year. Line B

6390-476: The same dimensions. Five Paris Métro Lines (1, 4, 6, 11 and 14) run on a rubber tire system developed by the RATP in the 1950s, exported to the Montreal , Santiago , Mexico City and Lausanne metro. The number of cars in each train varies line by line. The shortest are lines 3bis and 7bis with three-car trains. Line 11 ran with four until the summer 2023 when four-car MP 59 trains, the oldest type in service at

6480-405: The station foyer. Entrance to platforms is by automated gate, opened by smart cards and paper tickets. Gates return tickets for passengers to retain for the duration of the journey. There is normally no system to collect or check tickets at the end of the journey, and tickets can be inspected at any point. The exit from all stations is clearly marked as to the point beyond which possession of a ticket

6570-525: The stations are very close: 548 metres (1,798 ft) apart on average, from 424 metres (1,391 ft) on Line 4 to 1,158 metres (3,799 ft) on the newer line 14, meaning Paris is densely networked with stations. The surrounding suburbs are served by later line extensions, thus traffic from one suburb to another must pass through the city (the circular line 15 , now under construction, will enable some journeys that do not need to pass through Paris). The slow average speed effectively prohibits service to

6660-465: The suburbs opened in the last years. Line 8 was extended to Pointe du Lac in 2011, line 12 was extended to Aubervilliers in 2012, line 4 was extended to Mairie de Montrouge in 2013, Line 14 was extended by 5.8 km (3.6 mi) to Mairie de Saint-Ouen in December 2020, and Line 4 was extended to Bagneux in January 2022. Since the Métro was built to comprehensively serve the city inside its walls,

6750-424: The suburbs. The new Line 13 was inaugurated on 9 November 1976. In October 1998, Line 14 was inaugurated. It was the first fully new Métro line in 63 years. Known during its conception as Météor (Métro Est-Ouest Rapide), it was the first of the now three fully automatic lines within the network, along with Line 1 and Line 4. It was the first with platform screen doors to prevent suicides and accidents. It

6840-568: The text entitled Miracles of Saint-Denis , written before 885 by Hilduin , abbot of the monastery of Saint-Denis, which recounted how Saint Denis , a Christian bishop, was decapitated on the hilltop in 250 AD on orders of the Roman prefect Fescennius Sisinius for preaching the Christian faith to the Gallo-Roman inhabitants of Lutetia . According to Hilduin, Denis collected his head and carried it as far as

6930-639: The three new lines envisaged under this plan. Most lines would be extended to the inner suburbs. The first to leave the city proper was Line 9, extended in 1934 to Boulogne-Billancourt ; more followed in the 1930s. World War II forced authorities to abandon projects such as the extension of Line 4 and Line 12 to the northern suburbs. By 1949, eight lines had been extended: Line 1 to Neuilly-sur-Seine and Vincennes , Line 3 to Levallois-Perret , Line 5 to Pantin , Line 7 to Ivry-sur-Seine , Line 8 to Charenton , Line 9 to Boulogne-Billancourt, Line 11 to Les Lilas and Line 12 to Issy-les-Moulineaux . World War II had

7020-616: The time, were gradually replaced by new five-car MP 14 trains (at a pace of 3 to 5 new MP 14 every Monday). Lines 1 and 4 run six-car trains. Line 14 currently runs a mix of six and 8-car trains; in the future it will only run 8 cars. All other lines run with five. Two lines, 7 and 13, have branches at the end, and Line 10 has a one-way loop. Trains serve every station on each line except when they are closed for renovations. [REDACTED] The first train leaves each terminus at 5:30 a.m. On some lines additional trains start from an intermediate station. The last train, often called

7110-507: The top of the butte, Espace Dalí showcases surrealist artist Salvador Dalí 's work. Montmartre is an officially designated historic district with limited development allowed in order to maintain its historic character. An inclined railway, the Funiculaire de Montmartre , operated by the RATP , ascends the hill from the south, while the Montmartre bus circles the hill. Downhill to the southwest

7200-477: The tunnels to conduct swift assaults throughout Paris. It took a long time to recover after liberation in 1944. Many stations had not reopened by the 1960s and some closed for good. On 23 March 1948, the CMP (the underground) and the STCRP (bus and tramways) merged to form the RATP , which still operates the Métro. The network grew saturated during the 1950s. Outdated technology limited the number of trains, which led

7290-464: Was commemorated by Reinhardt in his 1947 tune " R. vingt-six ". There is a small vineyard in the Rue Saint-Vincent, which continues the tradition of wine production in the Île de France, and a wild garden , occupied by midwife toads , also in the Rue Saint-Vincent. The vineyard yields about 500 litres (110 imp gal; 130 US gal) of wine per year, The Musée de Montmartre

7380-442: Was conceived with extensions to the suburbs in mind, similar to the extensions of the line 13 built during the 1970s. As a result, most of the stations are at least a kilometre apart. Like the RER lines designed by the RATP, nearly all stations offer connections with multiple Métro lines. The line initially ran between Saint-Lazare and Olympiades and was subsequently extended north to Mairie de St.Ouen in 2020. Lines 13 and 7 are

7470-418: Was created at Châtelet–Les Halles , becoming one of the world's largest underground stations. The same project of the 1960s also decided to merge Line 13 and Line 14 to create a quick connection between Saint-Lazare and Montparnasse as a new north–south line. Distances between stations on the lengthened line 13 differ from that on other lines in order to make it more "express" and hence to extend it farther in

7560-425: Was decommissioned on 15 May 1972. Bienvenüe's project was nearly completed during the 1920s. Paris planned three new lines and extensions of most lines to the inner suburbs, despite the reluctance of Parisians. Bienvenüe's inner circular line having been abandoned, the already-built portion between Duroc and Odéon for the creation of a new east–west line that became Line 10 , extended west to Porte de Saint-Cloud and

7650-469: Was elected as deputy for Montmartre and the 18th arrondissement. The Basilica of the Sacré-Cœur was built on Montmartre from 1876 to 1919, financed by public subscription as a gesture of expiation for the suffering of France during the Franco-Prussian War . Its white dome is a highly visible landmark in the city, and near it artists set up their easels each day amidst the tables and colourful umbrellas of

7740-580: Was guillotined in 1794. The church of Saint-Pierre was saved. At the place where the chapel of the Martyrs was located (now 11 rue Yvonne-Le Tac), an oratory was built in 1855. It was renovated in 1994. In 1790, Montmartre was located just outside the limits of Paris. That year, under the revolutionary government of the National Constituent Assembly , it became the commune of Montmartre, with its town hall located on place du Tertre , site of

7830-404: Was inaugurated on 26 February 1911. Because of the high construction costs, the construction of line C was postponed. Nord-Sud and CMP used compatible trains that could be used on both networks, but CMP trains used 600 volts third rail, and NS −600 volts overhead wire and +600 volts third rail. This was necessary because of steep gradients on NS lines. NS distinguished itself from its competitor with

7920-412: Was put into service to relieve RER A . Line 11 reaching Rosny–Bois-Perrier in 2024 is the network's most recent extension. A large expansion programme known as the Grand Paris Express (GPE) is currently under construction with four new orbital Métro lines ( 15 , 16 , 17 and 18 ) around the Île-de-France region, outside the Paris city limits. Further plans exist for Line 1 , Line 7 , Line 10 ,

8010-422: Was so intense that by 1920, despite a few changes from schedule, most lines had been completed. The shield method of construction was rejected in favor of the cut-and-cover method in order to speed up work. Bienvenüe, a highly regarded engineer, designed a special procedure of building the tunnels to allow the swift repaving of roads, and is credited with a largely swift and relatively uneventful construction through

8100-538: Was the actor who replaced Molière , and who, like his predecessor, died on stage. Nearby, day and night, tourists visit such sights as Place du Tertre and the cabaret du Lapin Agile , where the artists had worked and gathered. Many renowned artists, such as painter and sculptor Edgar Degas and film director François Truffaut , are buried in the Cimetière de Montmartre and the Cimetière Saint-Vincent . Near

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