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21-506: In Sweden, since ancient times, every man fit for military service has been used to take up arms and participate in the defence of the kingdom when the enemy threatened or ravaged the country, upon the call of the King. The 19th century's efforts to rearrange the Swedish military order based on conscription led to the need for a fixed landstorm organization. However, it wasn't until 9 May 1885, that

42-468: A landstorm armband. At the outbreak of World War I , the landstorm troops were armed with Remington M1867 rifles. Between 1941 and 1949, there was Landstormspolis ("Landstorm Police") in Sweden, which was a term for military police personnel, intended primarily for guarding communication facilities, power plants and industries in the event of war. The Landstormspolis 's tasks were taken over by

63-577: A maximum of 15 days. The landstorm was not allowed outside its own or neighboring enlistment district. In accordance with the Defence Act of 1936 , the landstorm was extended to include the 11 oldest classes (35-45 years of age). Peacetime training now consisted of a landstorm rehearsal exercise of five days for the majority of conscripts and, immediately before this, a landstorm command exercise of seven days for trained commanders and others. The previously applicable regulations, stating that

84-563: A short time after the adoption of the defence act. Under the Defence Act of 1925 , the landstorm continued to be formed by the eight oldest classes (35-42 years of age), but no peacetime training occurred. The King could, after a decision was made to call up the first levy of conscripts and when the defence or security of the realm required it, call up the landstorm for the defence of their local area. However, special departments for protection of mobilization could be called upon before that, but they could not be kept together for longer than

105-457: Is the main religious symbol of Christianity . A cross with a figure of Christ affixed to it is termed a crucifix and the figure is often referred to as the corpus ( Latin for "body"). The term Greek cross designates a cross with arms of equal length, as in a plus sign, while the Latin cross designates a cross with an elongated descending arm. Numerous other variants have been developed during

126-573: The Bevakningspolisen ("Surveillance Police"), which was part of the civil defence. Conscription in Sweden Sweden has had partial conscription for both men and women since 2017. After completing training, conscripts are placed in the reserve and assigned positions in the table of organization and equipment of a reserve unit. Between the 17th century and 1900, Sweden had an allotment system . Mandatory military service for men

147-519: The landstorm could not be taken outside its own or neighboring enlistment district, were repealed. The landstorm received increased tasks, including serving in territorial air defence and providing air surveillance. Additionally, the landstorm would make up the infantry of the coastal fortifications, and some engineering and service units would be organized. According to the Defence Reform of 1901  [ sv ] and continuing until

168-466: The Defence Act of 1942  [ sv ] , the Swedish mainland was divided into landstorm districts to account for and organize the landstorm . Each landstorm district had a landstorm district commander, and for those landstorm districts where storehouses were established, there was also a landstorm förvaltare . With the implementation of the Conscription Act of 1941,

189-469: The Riksdag passed a conscription law to organize the landstorm . The six oldest classes of conscripts (ages 27-32) came to form the landstorm . Through the 1892 Army Order, the landstorm expanded to include the eight oldest classes, and the landstorm age range was raised to 33-40 years of age. The landstorm was subordinate to the enlistment district commanders, and each enlistment district

210-439: The medieval period . Christian crosses are used widely in churches, on top of church buildings, on bibles, in heraldry, in personal jewelry, on hilltops, and elsewhere as an attestation or other symbol of Christianity. Crosses are a prominent feature of Christian cemeteries , either carved on gravestones or as sculpted stelae . Because of this, planting small crosses is sometimes used in countries of Christian culture to mark

231-542: The Latin cross in version 1.1. For others, see Religious and political symbols in Unicode . Basic variants, or early variants widespread since antiquity . A total number of 15 variants. [REDACTED] For use in documents made using a computer, there are unicode code-points for these crosses. (Some systems display these symbols in colour or with a background colour: this is a default font setting and may be changed by choosing

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252-401: The cross without the corpus, interpreting this form as an indication of belief in the resurrection rather than as representing the interval between the death and the resurrection of Jesus. Several Christian cross variants are available in computer-displayed text. A Latin cross ("†") is included in the extended ASCII character set, and several variants have been added to Unicode , starting with

273-492: The division of conscripts into beväringen and the landstorm was abolished. The landstorm troops originally did not wear uniforms but instead wore civilian clothes. Many of them wore a triangular hat ( Hatt m/1910 ) reminiscent of the hats worn by the Caroleans . To be recognized as a belligerent force, they were given a visible distinguishing mark within rifle range, which couldn't be easily removed. In Sweden, this

294-475: The extended training, they held the rank of sergeants . After training, they were placed in the reserve as second lieutenants and assigned as platoon leaders or quartermasters in the TOE. Such "conscript officers" could not be promoted further unless they completed regular officer training at a military academy . Christian cross variants The Christian cross , with or without a figure of Christ included,

315-436: The first jail sentences since the return of conscription were handed out to those refusing to carry out their military service. Conscientious objectors in Sweden have the right to choose alternative service . After completing alternative service, the conscript then belongs to the civilian reserve. From 1983 to 2010, some conscripts had their service period extended to 450 days to allow for company command training. During

336-512: The parts of the country most threatened by the enemy. It was organized according to existing conditions and provided with commanders based on advice and quarters. The commanders of the landstorm units were mainly recruited on a voluntary basis. According to the Defence Act of 1914  [ sv ] , the landstorm included men aged 35-42, and conscripts belonging to the landstorm were subjected to mandatory training of five days during peacetime. However, such training took place only

357-530: The relevant age cohort was about 100,000, this meant that roughly 4% were to be enlisted. Beginning in 2018, over 4,000 conscripts were indeed called up. 85% of those called up were men; the percentage of female conscripts was gradually increased over the following years, reaching 20% in 2022 and 24% in 2023. The conscripts were chosen from a pool of approximately 13,000 young people born in 1999 to serve for 12 months. In early 2019, after fines had been received by dozens of young people for draft evasion,

378-495: The site of fatal accidents, or, such as the Zugspitze or Mount Royal , so as to be visible over the entire surrounding area. Catholic , Anglican and Lutheran depictions of the cross are often crucifixes, in order to emphasize that it is Jesus that is important, rather than the cross in isolation. Large crucifixes are a prominent feature of some Lutheran churches, e.g. as a rood . However, some other Protestant traditions depict

399-420: Was called the landstormsmärke ("landstorm badge") if no uniform was available. The landstorm badge, affixed to the front of the cap (model 1905), consisted of an enameled circular metal plate (3.3 cm) with a blue field and a yellow Greek cross on it. In the 1914 infantry instructions, it was specified that the landstorm badge should be worn securely fastened and visible from a distance, along with

420-552: Was introduced in 1901. During the height of the Cold War , about 85% of Swedish men were conscripted. In 2010, the male-only system was replaced with a gender-neutral conscription system; at the same time conscription was mothballed. Mandatory conscription was re-activated by the then Social democratic government in 2017, which cited increased threats to national security. The Swedish Armed Forces planned to call 4,000 recruits annually for basic military training in 2018 and 2019. As

441-417: Was usually divided into six landstorm districts, each under an officer in the reserve (in the absence of another person) assisted by a non-commissioned officer in the reserve as a manager of the landstorm storehouses available there. Voluntary exercises with the landstorm command were organized to the extent of available funds. The landstorm was assembled first in the event of war, and then in

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