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35-538: (Redirected from Land Cruiser ) [REDACTED] Look up land cruiser in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Land cruiser or landcruiser may refer to: Studebaker Land Cruiser Toyota Land Cruiser , a series of off-road vehicles by Toyota Toyota Land Cruiser Prado , or Toyota Prado , the smaller model of Toyota's Land Cruiser range Landship , aka land cruiser, land ironclad an armoured combat vehicle ,

70-673: A Chrysler-sourced Hemi V8 beginning in 1954. In 2003, the new Rolls-Royce Phantom car reintroduced independent rear-hinged doors in luxury vehicle applications. Other luxury models with rear-hinged doors include the Spyker D8 and the Rolls-Royce Phantom Drophead Coupe four-seat convertible. The most recent mass-produced model with such doors may be the Opel Meriva , followed by the Rolls-Royce Cullinan in 2018, and

105-421: A door was open on a city street, a speeding car moving in the same direction as the parked car could rip a front-hinged door off the parked car but someone inside the adjacent seat, even if moving to leave the car, could not get scratched. However, with a suicide door, someone inside or partially outside the passenger compartment would get struck by the suicide door forcefully swinging back to a shut position due to

140-547: A few Chinese electric vehicles including the Singulato iS6 in 2018 and HiPhi X in 2020. Lincoln announced that 80 limited-edition 2019 Continentals would be made with "coach" doors, marking the Continental's 80th anniversary. The 2020 Citroen Ami electric vehicle is unusual in having a suicide door for the driver but a conventional door for the passenger, as the doors are identical units that are not differentiated by side. In

175-407: A front-hinged door. Being rear-hinged, if the vehicle were moving and the door opened, aerodynamic drag would force the door open, and the driver/passenger would have to lean forward and out of the vehicle to close it. As seat belts were not in common use at that time, the risk of falling out of the car and into traffic was high, hence the name "suicide door". Another reason could have been that while

210-426: A one-piece curved windshield, an electric clock and carpeting front and rear. Only minor trim changes for 1948 brought a Land Cruiser price of $ 2265, and in 1949 it was increased to $ 2328 ($ 29,811 in 2023 dollars ). Since it was a seller’s market after WWII, Studebaker felt no need to change the basic design of the car, even though they knew that other makers would have “new” cars in 1949. Studebaker coasted along with

245-618: A tank A literal translation of the German Landkreuzer , which referred to superheavy tank designs the Landkreuzer P. 1000 Ratte the Landkreuzer P. 1500 Monster Land Ship, a nickname for British heavy tanks of World War I In Harry Turtledove's Worldwar series, a landcruiser is an army tank . See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Search for "landcruiser"  or "land cruiser" on Misplaced Pages. Land ironclad Topics referred to by

280-495: A vehicle easier, allowing a passenger to enter by turning to sit and exit by stepping forward and out. This is important for passengers who need to make a dignified entrance; the UK State Bentley has rear-opening passenger doors that are broader than usual and open very wide, allowing the monarch to exit the car in a dignified way. In combination with traditional front doors, rear-hinged doors allow chauffeurs easier access to

315-460: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Studebaker Land Cruiser The Land Cruiser was introduced at the 1933 Chicago World's Fair as an extensively streamlined sedan. Many of the same aerodynamic features of the car were shared with Pierce-Arrow's Silver Arrow show car that also debuted at the fair when Studebaker assumed operations of Pierce-Arrow in 1928. Work on both automobiles

350-474: The Lincoln Continental 4-door convertibles and sedans (1961–1969), Cadillac Eldorado Brougham (1956–1959) four-door sedans, and Ford Thunderbird (1967–1971) four-door sedans. The British Rover P4 used rear-hinged doors at the rear. German Goggomobil saloons and coupes had two-door bodies with rear-hinged doors until 1964. The French, hand-made Facel Vega Excellence offered a four-door hardtop with

385-874: The TX1 , TXII and TX4 , but reintroduced in the 2018 LEVC TX . Several concept cars have featured rear-hinged doors, such as the Lincoln C , a hatchback with no B-pillar and rear-hinged doors at the rear, or the Carbon Motors Corporation E7 , a police car with rear rear-hinged doors designed to aid officers getting handcuffed passengers in and out of the back seat. The Kia Naimo, an electric concept car, also has rear suicide doors. Other car manufacturers which have produced models with suicide doors include Citroën , Lancia , Opel, Panhard , Rover , Saab , Saturn , Škoda , Studebaker , Ferrari , Mazda and Volkswagen . Rear-hinged doors make entering and exiting

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420-401: The "clam digger", was actually a preview of the next generation. The 1953 Land Cruisers were complete departure from the ’47-’52 models. The 1953 model sold retail for $ 2316 ($ 26,375 in 2023 dollars ). They were built on the same frame as the new Starliner and Starlight coupe models but, as with many new models, there were some initial problems, primarily with the fit of the front fenders. With

455-402: The 1930s, supposedly owing to the ease of pushing passengers out of moving vehicles with the air around the moving car holding the door open, according to Dave Brownell, the former editor of Hemmings Motor News . After World War II , rear-hinged doors were mostly limited to rear doors of four-door sedans . The best-known use of rear-hinged doors on post-World War II American automobiles was

490-435: The 1947 Studebaker, touted as "First by Far with a Postwar Car", had a completely new body. The new Land Cruiser exclusively rode the company's longest wheelbase (124 in (3,100 mm)), which provided additional legroom for rear seat passengers. It featured center-opening, rear-hinged rear suicide doors and was powered by the larger of Studebaker's two straight-6 engines. The Land Cruiser suggested price of $ 2043 included

525-523: The Commander, replaced it with a large gold “8” in the middle of a chrome “V” (basically they removed one of the three arms of the "star", changing it into a "v".) On the Champion, a gold “S” replaced the “8”. When the other items ran their course, they were replaced by non-tri-star items. These are now collectors items. The construction problems were corrected in the 1954 Land Cruiser models with heavier metal in

560-644: The car was classified as the Commander Cruiser and President Cruiser. The Land Cruiser name officially returned in 1941 and 1942. In addition to offering its Land Cruisers in the Commander and President lines, for 1941 Studebaker introduced the ultra-luxurious Skyway Land Cruiser which featured a slightly curved single-pane windshield, rear fender skirts and premium details and fabrics. The 1947 Studebaker models were so revolutionary that it had other car builders scurrying back to their drawing boards. While other manufacturers settled for re-chroming their pre-war models,

595-426: The door or could not close it. There were also fewer frame re-enforcements than in subsequent years. As you might imagine, this problem caused many a late night conference and hasty fixes and tended to give the new model a bad name almost immediately. Then a problem with the new (and revolutionary, for its day) mechanical power steering raised its head. It only required 2  psi (0.14  bar ) of pressure to turn

630-433: The earlier model. New, larger brakes were included in the package, shortening stopping distances by 37 ft (11 m) according to Motor Trend. Engine horsepower increased to 127 as the result of a 0.5 compression increase (to 7.5). There was also a smoother looking instrument panel, doing away with the individually hooded gauges of the previous year. The 1954 Land Cruiser sold for $ 2438. All in all, many people are of

665-706: The early 2000s, rear-hinged rear doors that are held closed by the front doors, and cannot be opened until released by opening the front door on the same side (hinged at the front), have appeared on a number of vehicles. Such doors may be referred to as clamshell doors. Examples include extended-cab pickup trucks , the Saturn SC , Saturn Ion Quad Coupe , Honda Element , Toyota FJ Cruiser , BMW i3 , Mini Cooper Clubman , Mazda RX-8 , Mazda MX-30 and Fiat 500 3+1. Rear passenger rear-hinged doors had long been used on Austin FX4 London taxis , discontinued on their successors

700-575: The end of 1958 to make way for the new compact Lark model. A longer wheelbase version of the Lark sedan was offered for fleet sales. Dubbed the Economiler, it was marketed for use as a taxicab, again featuring a roomier back seat area than the regular Larks. For the 1961, Studebaker added a Lark model, the Cruiser, which continued through the 1966 model year. This model was built on the longer wheelbase chassis and

735-409: The engine out of the car, they fit. With the engine in the car, they didn’t. This was found to be primarily the fault of using a thinner gauge steel for the frame. The theory was that if the frame could flex a little, the car would ride better. The problem was, it flexed too much. If you jacked up one corner of the car, to change a tire, for example, the frame flexed so much that you could either not open

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770-406: The first half of the 20th century, including the iconic Citroën Traction Avant . In the era before seat belts , the accidental opening of such doors meant that there was a greater risk of falling out of the vehicle compared to front-hinged doors, where airflow pushed the doors closed rather than opening them further. Rear-hinged doors were especially popular with mobsters in the gangster era of

805-442: The frames and an additional re-enforcing crossmember. The famous designer, Eleanor LeMaire was retained to brighten up the interiors of the new cars. She demanded 4 more colorful interiors than previously, getting away from the one drab gray pin stripe color of the previous year. These new colors included green, blue and tan as well as an opulent silver-gray. The front grille bars had 5 small vertical fins each to differentiate them from

840-428: The impact of the speeding car on the door. Initially standard on many models, later they became popularized in the custom car trade. Automobile manufacturers call the doors coach doors ( Rolls-Royce ), flexdoors ( Vauxhall ), freestyle doors ( Mazda ), rear access doors ( Saturn ), clamshell doors ( BMW ) simply describe them as back-hinged doors . Rear-hinged doors were common on cars manufactured in

875-477: The lively new Studebaker V8 engine that year. The front styling stayed virtually the same, with a minor redesign of the three points. Once again, the Land Cruiser had its own wheelbase, at 119"; the Commander now shared the 115" wheelbase of the Champion models. The price was raised to $ 2289. The 1952 Land Cruiser was the last to use real glass for the tail and parking light lenses. Its grille, designated by some as

910-401: The most advanced automatic transmission of the day. It featured reverse gear lock-out, hill-holder, anti-creep and a locking torque converter which allowed direct drive with virtually no converter power loss in high gear. The price of the 1950 Land Cruiser went down to $ 2187. Sales in 1951 skyrocketed, an increase of almost 12,000 over 1950. This can probably be attributed to the introduction of

945-450: The old bodies until 1952. But 1950 saw the “Next Look in Cars" — Studebaker’s answer to the other manufacturer's 1949 models. Considered very radical for the era, it had three-point front styling, popularly known as the “bullet-nose”, similar in style to the 1949 Ford. Over 10,000 more Land Cruisers were sold in 1950 than in 1949. Studebaker Automatic Drive was introduced mid-year and was arguably

980-498: The opinion that the 1954 Land Cruiser was better designed than the 1955 Ultra-Vista wrap around windshield President models. While it was in keeping with most other brands of the era, the large amount of chrome (demanded by the sales department) caused many people to shy away from the ’55 Studebakers. In 1955, the name was changed. Top-trimmed Studebakers from 1955–1958 went by the Studebaker President name (revived from

1015-494: The prewar President models). For 1956, an upscale President Classic sedan was offered. The President Classic used the longer 120.5" wheelbase of the Hawks, and like the 1947–1950 Land Cruisers used the additional length to create a roomier rear passenger area. The President Classic was continued for 1957–1958, though no longer carrying the "Classic" model name. After a four-year run, The President models, in turn, were dropped at

1050-597: The rear door. In Austin FX4 taxis, drivers were able to reach the rear exterior door handle through the driver's window without getting out of the vehicle. Rear-hinged doors also allow a better position for a person installing a child seat into the back seat of a vehicle than conventional doors, while being simpler and cheaper to build than the sliding doors commonly used on minivans . The Opel Meriva B compact MPV introduced in 2010 had such doors. The combination of front-hinged front doors and rear-hinged rear doors allows for

1085-421: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Land cruiser . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Land_cruiser&oldid=1244194897 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

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1120-768: The steering wheel but it was noisy. Only 100 of these units were sold before Studebaker began using GM Saginaw type units. The Studebaker company had a problem with the Mercedes-Benz company. A few years in the future, Studebaker would be the American distributor for that brand, but in 1953, the M-B tri-star emblem was turned upside down and put on the front and rear of Studebaker cars, minus the encircling ring. (Mercedes-Benz cars were still relatively unknown in America at that time, so most people probably would never have drawn any connection between

1155-485: The two brands.) In the upper part, the Commander had a gold “8” while the Champion a gold “S”. The upside-down tri-star was used elsewhere in the car. The wheel covers, back-up light lenses, radio delete plate, horn button and the rear ashtray on the Starliner/Starlight coupe—all had this emblem. M-B complained and Studebaker hastily re-designed the emblems. On the hood and trunk, they removed the M-B look-alike and on

1190-499: Was a better equipped and more luxurious version of the 4-door Lark and was designed to harken back to the Studebaker Land Cruiser sedans of the late Forties and early Fifties. Suicide door A suicide door is an automobile door hinged at its rear rather than the front. Such doors were originally used on horse-drawn carriages , but are rarely found on modern vehicles, primarily because they are less safe than

1225-609: Was authorized prior to the company being placed in receivership in March 1933, and Pierce being sold to investors. Production Land Cruisers began to appear in dealer showrooms in the fall of 1933 as 1934 models. The Land Cruiser was designated as a body style, and classified in the President model range (C Series) for the year. It retailed for $ 1,510. The body style was shared with the President and Commander series for 1936. From 1937–1940,

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