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35-579: The Musa design, an adaption of the Fiat Idea by Fabrizio Giugiaro , was initially supervised by Flavio Manzoni and subsequently Marco Tencone . It debuted at the 2004 Geneva Motor Show and deliveries began in Europe in October of the same year. The Musa's front and rear-end styling bears resemblance to the technically related Lancia Ypsilon , with which it shares headlights. As a compact MPV (multi-purpose vehicle),

70-557: A B-segment car under four meters in length with the increased height, flexible seating, cargo configurability and versatility of an MPV. The Idea's rear seats combine 40:20:40 split/folding and 60-degree-reclining backrests with a 60:40 split, folding and sliding seat base — the rear seats slide forward or rearward to prioritize cargo or passenger space, recline for comfort lounging, as well as fold and tumble for maximum cargo. The front passenger seat folds flat to receive tall items and 25 storage compartments are distributed throughout

105-517: A polyphase winding is used and the pole-pieces of the rotor are shaped (claw-pole). Automotive alternators are usually belt -driven at 2–3 times crankshaft speed, speeds that could cause a commutator to fly apart in a generator. The alternator runs at various RPM (which varies the frequency) since it is driven by the engine. This is not a problem because the alternating current is rectified to direct current . Alternator regulators are also simpler than those for generators. Generator regulators require

140-399: A voltage regulator which operates by modulating the small field current to produce a constant voltage at the battery terminals. Early designs (c.1960s–1970s) used a discrete device mounted elsewhere in the vehicle. Intermediate designs (c.1970s–1990s) incorporated the voltage regulator into the alternator housing. Modern designs do away with the voltage regulator altogether; voltage regulation

175-435: A 3 phase alternator may be connected using either the delta or star ( wye ) connection regime set-up. Brushless versions of these type alternators are also common in larger machinery such as highway trucks and earthmoving machinery. With two oversized shaft bearings as the only wearing parts, these can provide extremely long and reliable service, even exceeding the engine overhaul intervals. Automotive alternators require

210-467: A battery nor did it encourage the use of one before it introduced an electric starter in 1919. The owner would have to install the battery themselves and charge it externally.) Starting in the 1919 model year, Ford upgraded the Model T to include an electric starter, which was standard for some models and optional for others. This starter installation also included a battery, charged by a conventional dynamo, and

245-458: A body moldings, 15" alloys, interior mods like the white instruments, and standard safety equipment which features double front and side airbags, ABS brakes with EBD. In 2009, the entire Adventure line (Idea, Doblò , Strada and Palio Weekend ) was equipped with a locking differential . The line was rebadged as Adventure Locker . [REDACTED] Media related to Fiat Idea at Wikimedia Commons Alternator (automotive) An alternator

280-634: A clutchless 5-speed sequential manual shift with a selectable, fully automatic mode — as an automated manual gearbox marketed as Dualogic. The Brazilian version of the Idea was launched in late 2005. The engines available are the new 1.4-litre 8-valve 86 hp (64 kW) Fire engine (the same as in the Grande Punto ) and the latest version of the GM -sourced Powertrain 1.8-litre 8-valve 114 hp (85 kW) engine. Both have flexible fuel technology, which lets

315-474: A cutout relay to isolate the output coils (the armature) from the battery at low speed; that isolation is provided by the alternator rectifier diodes. Also, most generator regulators include a current limiter; alternators are inherently current-limited. The claw pole design produces an AC waveform that is more efficiently rectified than a sine wave. Despite their names, both 'DC generators' (or 'dynamos') and 'alternators' initially produce alternating current. In

350-459: A dense central band where the iron core and copper windings are tightly packed, and end bands where the windings are more exposed for better heat transfer. The closer core spacing from the rotor improves magnetic efficiency. The smaller, enclosed fans produce less noise, particularly at higher machine speeds. Alternators can also be water-cooled in cars. Larger vehicles may have field coil alternators similar to larger machines. The windings of

385-509: A headlight delay system marketed as Follow Me Home . Optional features included a panoramic sunroof, parking sensors, and dual-zone climate control. The Fiat Idea engines are all Euro 4 compliant. The petrol engine is the 1.4-litre 16 valve 95 PS (70 kW; 94 hp), available with five- and six-speed gearboxes, and the diesel 1.3-litre 16 valve MultiJet units, with 70 PS (51 kW; 69 hp) or 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp). All of these engines can be matched with

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420-419: A revised logo of Lancia, front bumper fascia with new chrome moldings, bodyside moldings with chrome inserts, LED rear lamps and a luggage compartment seventy litres larger, while and loading deck lowered by 4cm, as well as revised headliner soundproofing in the headliner. Options including FCA's integrated In Vehicle Infotainment system (marketed as Blue&Me ), new body colours and equipment. In 2008, for

455-448: A so-called 'DC generator', this AC current is generated in the rotating armature, and then converted to DC by the commutator and brushes. In an 'alternator', the AC current is generated in the stationary stator, and then is converted to DC by the rectifiers (diodes). Typical passenger vehicle and light truck alternators use Lundahl or 'claw-pole' field construction. This uses a shaped iron core on

490-444: Is a five-passenger mini MPV with five doors. It has a front-engine, front-wheel drive layout . Internally designated the Type 350 , the Idea was Fiat's first entry in the compact MPV market, sharing its platform with the second-generation Fiat Punto ( Project 188 ); exterior design by Fabrizio Giugiaro at Italdesign and interior design by Fiat's Centro Stilo. The monovolume design

525-706: Is a type of electric generator used in modern automobiles to charge the battery and to power the electrical system when its engine is running. Until the 1960s, automobiles used DC dynamo generators with commutators . As silicon-diode rectifiers became widely available and affordable, the alternator gradually replaced the dynamo. This was encouraged by the increasing electrical power required for cars in this period, with increasing loads from larger headlamps, electric wipers, heated rear windows , and other accessories. The modern type of vehicle alternators were first used in military applications during World War II , to power radio equipment on specialist vehicles. After

560-420: Is above 96%. Large AC generators used in power stations run at carefully controlled speeds and have no constraints on size or weight. They have very high efficiencies as high as 98%. Hybrid electric vehicles replace the separate alternator and starter motor with one or more combined motor/generator(s) that start the internal combustion engine, provide some or all of the mechanical power to the wheels, and charge

595-665: Is limited by fan cooling loss, bearing loss, iron loss, copper loss, and the voltage drop in the diode bridges. Efficiency reduces dramatically at high speeds mainly due to fan resistance. At medium speeds efficiency of today's alternators is 70–80%. This betters very small high-performance permanent magnet alternators, such as those used for bicycle lighting systems, which achieve an efficiency around 60%. Larger permanent magnet electric machines (that can operate as motors or alternators) can achieve today much higher efficiencies. Pellegrino et al., for instance, propose not particularly expensive designs that show ample regions in which efficiency

630-467: Is noted for its centrally located instrument cluster, and high H-point , reconfigurable seating — with reclining, sliding and folding rear seating. The Idea debuted at the 2003 Geneva International Motor Show , followed a year later by an upscale variant, the Lancia Musa , sharing many common components with modified exterior. Both were manufactured at Fiat's Mirafiori plant and were superseded by

665-520: Is now a function of the engine control unit (ECU). The field current is much smaller than the output current of the alternator; for example, a 70 A alternator may need only 2-3 A of field current. The field current is supplied to the rotor windings by slip rings. The low current and relatively smooth slip rings ensure greater reliability and longer life than that obtained by a DC generator with its commutator and higher current being passed through its brushes. The field windings are supplied with power from

700-549: The Fiat 500L . Production continued through MY 2016 in Brazil, including the Adventure model, a front-drive variant with increased ground clearance, and styling elements resembling an off-road vehicle. The Idea nameplate is an acronym for Intelligent Design Emotive Architecture. The Idea was conceived as a compact, mono volume MPV — i.e., to integrate the handling and compact size of

735-686: The Musa is considered to form part of the B-segment of the European car market. The interior features Alcantara or leather, as well as chrome details. Like the Fiat Idea, the Musa offers an automated manual transmission marketed as Dolce Far Niente ( D.F.N. ) — for all engines except the eight valve version of the 1.4 FIRE . A revised, mildly facelifted Musa premiered at the 2007 Venice Film Festival , and debuted at Frankfurt Auto Show in October 2007, with

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770-611: The SkyDome, 15" alloys, Bluetooth phone system, and leather seats among other features. In 2010, the Idea received a major facelift with a new front, rear, and door handle. Over 265,000 Ideas have been sold in Brazil. The Idea Adventure is a mini crossover version launched in September 2006 in São Paulo , Brazil. Chiefly featuring cosmetic revisions to the Idea, the Adventure has a revised suspension, tires are Pirelli Scorpion 205/70 R15,

805-454: The battery via the ignition switch and regulator. A parallel circuit supplies the "charge" warning indicator and is earthed via the regulator (which is why the indicator is on when the ignition is on but the engine is not running). Once the engine is running and the alternator is generating power, a diode feeds the field current from the alternator main output equalizing the voltage across the warning indicator which goes off. The wire supplying

840-961: The cabin. The Idea's seating was designed using biometric principles developed by Antonio Dal Monte at the Italian National Olympic Committee 's sport medicine institute. Standard features included six airbags, Isofix attachments, automatic door locks, fire prevention system (fuel pump inertia cut off switch and in-tank fuel cut off; plastic fuel tank resistant to mechanical stress and fire; maxifuse-equipped electrical power leads to cut off power supply at high temperature; protectively located starter motor and alternator connections with abrasion‐proof coatings; and fire-resistant interior trim), ABS braking with brake force distribution, and anti-slip regulation system to limit wheel slip in cases of reduced grip, traction control, electronic stability control , hill-holder , electric speed-sensitive power steering system, 0-20-40 split rear seating, and

875-480: The coils to make good sparks. The Model T incorporated its magneto into the engine flywheel. The first Model Ts used the magneto solely for the trembler coil ignition. Beginning with the 1915 model year, Ford added electric headlights, also powered by the magneto. The magneto circuit was strictly AC, with no battery included. (There was a switch on the ignition coils to use a battery instead, which could be helpful when starting in cold weather, but Ford neither provided

910-400: The compact alternator layout. This is electrically and magnetically similar, but has improved air cooling. Better cooling permits more power from a smaller machine. The casing has distinctive radial vent slots at each end and now encloses the fan. Two fans are used, one at each end, and the airflow is semi-radial, entering axially and leaving radially outwards. The stator windings now consist of

945-670: The driver use either gasoline or ethanol . This version has increased height compared to the European version. The dashboard derives from the Fiat Palio Mk. III , and adapted to the Fiat Idea. Options include a panoramic glass roof as an option, marketed as the SkyDome. The Idea is exported in two different trim levels (the ELX with the 1.4-liter engine and the HLX with the 1.8 engine) and it has four airbags , anti-lock braking system with EBD ; parking, rain and lights sensor, security laminated glass,

980-439: The field current is often referred to as the "exciter" wire. The drawback of this arrangement is that if the warning lamp burns out or the "exciter" wire is disconnected, no current reaches the field windings and the alternator will not generate power. Some warning indicator circuits are equipped with a resistor in parallel with the lamp that permit excitation current to flow if the warning lamp burns out. The driver should check that

1015-426: The lights were now powered by the battery. However, the flywheel magneto still powered the ignition, and since models without the starter had no battery, they continued to use magneto-powered lights. Alternators have several advantages over direct-current generators ( dynamos ). Alternators are: A set of rectifiers ( diode bridge ) is required to convert AC to DC . To provide direct current with low ripple ,

1050-535: The market in Italy, Lancia introduced the EcoChic version with 1.4 Fire 8v dual power (LPG and petrol) engine. In 2009, Lancia introduced a start-stop system with the 1.4 Fire 16v and 1.3 Multijet II Euro 5 engines, the latter with 95 PS (70 kW; 94 hp). Fiat Idea The Fiat Idea is a car manufactured and marketed by Fiat from 2003 to 2012 over a single generation with one intermediate facelift . It

1085-424: The rotor to produce a multi-pole field from a single coil winding. The poles of the rotor look like fingers of two hands interlocked with each other. The coil is mounted axially inside this and field current is supplied by slip rings and carbon brushes. These alternators have their field and stator windings cooled by axial airflow, produced by an external fan attached to the drive belt pulley. Modern vehicles now use

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1120-686: The voltage supplied by the alternator. Older automobiles with minimal lighting may have had an alternator capable of producing only 30 amperes . Typical passenger car and light truck alternators are rated around 50–70 A, though higher ratings are becoming more common, especially as there is more load on the vehicle's electrical system with air conditioning , electric power steering and other electrical systems. Very large alternators used on buses, heavy equipment or emergency vehicles may produce 300 A. Semi-trucks usually have alternators which output 140 A. Very large alternators may be water-cooled or oil-cooled. Efficiency of automotive alternators

1155-664: The war, other vehicles with high electrical demands — such as ambulances and radio taxis — could also be fitted with optional alternators. Alternators were first introduced as standard equipment on a production car by the Chrysler Corporation on the Valiant in 1960, several years ahead of Ford and General Motors . Some early automobiles, like the Ford Model T , used a different sort of charging system: an engine-driven magneto which generated low-voltage alternating current that

1190-498: The warning indicator is on when the engine is stopped; otherwise, there might not be any indication of a failure of the belt which may also drive the cooling water pump . Some alternators will self-excite when the engine reaches a certain speed. In recent years, alternator regulators are linked to the vehicle's computer system and various factors including air temperature obtained from the intake air temperature sensor, battery temperature sensor and engine load are evaluated in adjusting

1225-434: Was supplied to trembler coils , which provided the high voltage needed to generate ignition sparks. (This was different from a true ignition magneto , which generates high voltage directly.) Since such a magneto system only depended on the engine's motion to generate current, it could even be used when starting a manually cranked engine, provided the crank was pulled sharply, so that the magneto would produce enough current for

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