64-491: Lancaster Gate is a mid-19th century development in the Bayswater district of central London , immediately to the north of Kensington Gardens . It consists of two long terraces of houses overlooking the park, with a wide gap between them opening onto a square containing a church. Further terraces back onto the pair overlooking the park and loop around the square. Until 1865 the terraces were known as Upper Hyde Park Gardens, with
128-556: A degree and to be in a professional occupation. During the Great Famine of the 19th century, Barrow-in-Furness was seen as a desirable location that many Irish (along with Scottish and Cornish) fled to. This was in part due to ease of access to reach the town's port from Ireland (particularly from Ulster ), and secondly because it was a booming town as a result of the Industrial Revolution with guaranteed work, particularly in
192-633: A knighthood in 2005, and remained resident in the UK until his death in 2016. Comedians Ed Byrne and Dara Ó Briain have relocated to Britain from Ireland, and regularly feature on British television. Since the 1970s some UK organisations, sections of media, and government departments have defined Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) in anti-racist efforts and general demography. There are several notable Irish migrants to Great Britain who are people of colour , or who might otherwise be considered part of BAME communities. This includes emigrants from Ireland from
256-627: A migration or a takeover by a small group of elites. Due to the growth of Dál Riata, in both size and influence, Scotland became almost wholly Gaelic-speaking . However, in the Lowlands – which had been the northernmost part of the Kingdom of Northumbria , the Northumbrian language remained dominant, and formed the basis of the Scots language . While Scots gradually became more and more widespread, Gaelic remained
320-529: A parent or grandparent who was born in Ireland. It is estimated that as many as six million people living in the UK have at least one Irish grandparent (around 10% of the UK population). The Irish diaspora ( Irish : Diaspóra na nGael ) refers to Irish people and their descendants who live outside Ireland . This article refers to those who reside in Great Britain, the largest island and principal territory of
384-534: A result of taking advantage of technological innovation in the then emerging textile industry. There were said to be as many as 24 mills in the town by 1850. The Irish contributed to its population growth from around 9,000 in 1800, to 25,000 by the middle of the century. In 1872, records showed that the Irish numbered "from a sixth to an eighth of the population" in Halifax, with it also being noted that "the political strength of
448-522: A result of the Irish financial crisis , emigration from Ireland rose significantly. Data published in June 2011 showed that Irish emigration to Britain had risen by 25 per cent to 13,920 in 2010. Some notable people born in Ireland who settled in Great Britain between the 20th and 21st centuries include: BBC broadcaster Sir Terry Wogan moved to Buckinghamshire, England in 1969, acquiring British citizenship and
512-581: A rural county, began to take advantage of emerging new technology and discovered resources in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. This not only changed the face of the county, urbanizing much of it, but also led to expansion on a massive scale. People from all over the United Kingdom, ranging from the south of England to Ireland, moved to the area to take advantage of the large amount of work that these industries brought in roles such as coal mining and shipbuilding. As in many other instances around this time, it
576-709: A significantly higher percentage of Irish-born people hold a degree or equivalent, compared to England overall. Nearly 75% of 25-34 year olds and 66% of 35–44 year olds hold a degree, compared to 43–45% of English people. It is higher across all age groups under 75. There are few significant differences between those born in Northern Ireland and those born in the Republic, among the Irish-born in England under 50. However those born in Northern Ireland and over 50 are more likely to have
640-568: A small settlement, although the gradual expansion of London westward into Mayfair and Paddington brought it closer to the outskirts of the city. During the Regency era new suburbs were rapidly constructed to cope with the growing population of the city. An important early developer in Bayswater was Edward Orme who constructed Moscow Road and St. Petersburgh Place , which he named in honour of Alexander I of Russia . Both Bayswater and Tyburnia to
704-466: A year working on farms or in agricultural industry. Up until as late as the 1970s, earnings from this type of employment helped sustain communities in Western Ireland . The Great Famine in 1845 triggered a mass exodus from Ireland, with significant numbers of Irish migrants fleeing to Britain to escape severe poverty and starvation. In 2021, there were 505,212 people in England (0.9 per cent of
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#1732845021439768-403: Is Jamaican , made the move to Britain after joining Brighton & Hove Albion W.F.C. Notable Irish footballers, who were born or raised in Ireland, began moving as young adults to teams based in Great Britain since the post- World War II period. As the sport became more commercially successful, wealthy English clubs in particular pursued Irish talent, which was often seen as detrimental to
832-575: Is an area in the City of Westminster in West London . It is a built-up district with a population density of 17,500 per square kilometre, and is located between Kensington Gardens to the south, Paddington to the north-east, and Notting Hill to the west. Much of Bayswater was built in the 1800s, and consists of streets and garden squares lined with Victorian stucco terraces ; some of which have been subdivided into flats. Other key developments include
896-602: Is derived from the 1380 placename "Bayards Watering Place", which in Middle English meant either a watering place for horses, or the watering place that belonged to the Bayard family. Historically, Bayswater was located to the west of London on the road from Tyburn towards Uxbridge . It was a hamlet in the seventeenth century close to the Kensington Gravel Pits . By the end of the eighteenth century Bayswater remained
960-591: Is the traditional Irish area in Birmingham. During the 1950s Sparkhill , Sparkbrook , Aston , and Nechells were the main Irish areas. Today many Irish people live in areas such as Hall Green and Erdington . Birmingham has the UK's largest St Patricks Day 's Parade (and the world's third biggest) and Britain's only Irish Quarter , with many traditional Irish pubs and the Birmingham Irish centre. Irish people have always moved to Birmingham for work especially for
1024-518: The Kingdom of England , via a Papal bull. A personal Union that would later include the Kingdom of Scotland , and between 1707 and 1800, the politically united Kingdom of Great Britain . The Irish Parliament and Kingdom would be politically united with Great Britain as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , between 1801 and 1922, through the Acts of Union 1800 . Today, Ireland is divided between
1088-636: The Labour Party , and one to the Conservative Party , with Bayswater being fully represented by Labour, and Lancaster Gate being split between the two parties. Lancaster Gate can be considered as a marginal ward . The stations within the district are Bayswater and Queensway . Other nearby stations include Paddington ( Bakerloo, Circle and District lines and Circle and Hammersmith & City lines ), Royal Oak (in Westbourne) and Lancaster Gate (to
1152-564: The UK 2001 Census , white Irish-born residents make up 1.2% of those living in England and Wales. In 1997, the Irish Government in its White Paper on Foreign Policy claimed that there were around two million Irish citizens living in Britain. The 2001 Census also showed that Irish people are more likely to be employed in managerial or professional occupations than those classed as "White British". As
1216-507: The United Kingdom . After the end of Roman rule in Britain , significant Irish settlement of western Britain took place. The Déisi recorded as having founded the Gwynedd (Anglesea) and Dyfed (Pembrokeshire) colonies, with contemporary Ogham inscriptions identifying the genealogies of the colonists, and later echoed in the 8th century, Old Irish work, The Expulsion of the Déisi . Similarly,
1280-1250: The black Irish community , as well as Asian Irish people . Irish musician and singer Phil Lynott settled in Surrey , England after the commercial success of his Dublin -formed band Thin Lizzy . Lynott, who died in 1986, was mixed raced and had British Guianan ancestry. Irish actor Christopher Simpson was moved to London, England as child in 1981. Simpson is of Irish and Rwandan descent. Irish footballer Darren Randolph , who has spoken of his experiences growing up black in Ireland, moved to Britain permanently after joining London team Charlton Athletic F.C. in 2003, and has since remained in English football. Model and actress Layla Flaherty relocated to Liverpool, England in 2006. Flaherty, who has Irish and African American heritage, has appeared in UK-based E4 productions, such as Desperate Scousewives . Also relocating to England in 2006, Ethiopian -Irish actress Ruth Negga has appeared in films, as well as RTÉ and BBC series. In 2018, Negga, who has been Academy Award -nominated,
1344-443: The 10th century may have settled as far afield as Northumbria and Lincolnshire , as place names such as Irby upon Humber , Ireleth and Irton mention the Irish as an ethnic group, while Goidelic personal names appear in some northern English place-names, including Duggleby , Fixby and Melmerby , and in a Viking-age Runic inscription from County Durham. The island of Ireland was itself claimed as an Ecclesiastical fief , via
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#17328450214391408-520: The 1930s and 1960s by Irish escaping poor economic conditions following the establishment of the Irish Free State . This was furthered by the severe labour shortage in Britain during the mid-20th century, which depended largely on Irish immigrants to work in the areas of construction and domestic labour. The extent of the Irish contribution to Britain's construction industry in the 20th century may be gauged from Sir William MacAlpine's 1998 assertion that
1472-641: The 1950s many thousands of Irish migrated to Braintree in Essex to meet the demands of the labour shortage primarily in the Courtauld's textile mills, both in Braintree and nearby Halstead. They also helped meet the need for labour both in Critall's main Braintree factory. Coventry had a large influx of Irish from around the middle of the 20th century, when the city's motor industry was booming. To this day, Coventry remains one of
1536-444: The 19th century: By the mid-1930s, Great Britain was the choice of many who had to leave Ireland. Britain's wartime economy (1939–45) and post-war boom attracted many Irish people to expanding cities and towns such as London , Liverpool , Manchester , Birmingham , Glasgow and Luton . Prior to the 2000s financial crisis, ongoing sectarian violence and its economic aftermath was another major factor for immigration. According to
1600-565: The British court system in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Some notable people born in Ireland who settled in Great Britain between the 16th and 19th centuries: The most significant exodus followed the worst of a series of potato crop failures in the 1840s – the Great Irish Famine . It is estimated that more than one million people died and almost the same again emigrated. A further wave of emigration to England also took place between
1664-486: The English labour market, and thus forces down wages and lowers the material and moral position of the English working class... This antagonism is the secret of the impotence of the English working class, despite its organisation. It is the secret by which the capitalist class maintains its power. And the latter is quite aware of this." Ireland's population fell from more than 8 million to just 6.5 million between 1841 and 1851. A century later it had dropped to 4.3 million. By
1728-550: The English to settle in Wirral , in the north west of England. An Irish historical record known as " The Three Fragments " refers to a distinct group of settlers living among these Vikings as "Irishmen". Further evidence of this Irish migration to Wirral comes from the name of the village of Irby in Wirral, which means "settlement of the Irish", and St Bridget's church, which is known to have been founded by "Vikings from Ireland". The Irish of
1792-631: The Grade II listed 650-flat Hallfield Estate , designed by Sir Denys Lasdun , and Queensway and Westbourne Grove , its busiest high streets, with a mix of independent, boutique and chain retailers and restaurants. Bayswater is also one of London's most cosmopolitan areas: a diverse local population is augmented by a high concentration of hotels. In addition to the English, there are many other nationalities. Notable ethnic groups include Greeks , French , Americans , Brazilians , Italians , Irish , Arabs , Malaysians , and Albanians . The name Bayswater
1856-517: The Irish Parliament create the Kingdom , with himself elected as King. Subsequently through offering English titles, and ecclesiastical lands, in a surrender and regrant process, would offer Irish clan chiefs, property and political power, in England, as well as Ireland. In 1555, Pope Paul IV , would confirm the existence of the Irish Kingdom, and that it was to be held in personal union with
1920-569: The Irish from Mayo and Sligo originated from a rural background, and at first struggled to adapt to urban life in Bradford. To this day, many residents of Bradford and the surrounding area are of Irish descent. There was an Irish Diaspora Research Unit at the University of Bradford in the early 21st Century under Dr. Patrick O'Sullivan, but the Unit did not continue after he moved to New York University. In
1984-502: The Irish in Birmingham were complicated by the pub bombings of November 1974 . At inquests into the deaths of the 21 victims, "Witness O" named the men responsible as Seamus McLoughlin, Mick Murray, Michael Hayes and James Gavin. He said he had been given permission to reveal the names by the current head of the IRA in Dublin. There were very limited physical attacks on Irish people in the aftermath of
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2048-476: The Irish people in Halifax is considerable". Irish heritage still lives on in Halifax through the likes of the town's football team, Halifax Irish F.C. As Heywood developed into a mill town during the Industrial Revolution, this brought a large number of new residents to the town, including many Irish escaping the Great Famine. Additionally, many Irish migrants took up jobs in the area working as navvies on
2112-693: The Republic of Ireland during the 1950s and 60s, Tony Dunne , Noel Cantwell , Johnny Giles , and later, in the 1970s and 80s, Liam Brady , Packie Bonner , Ronnie Whelan , Frank Stapleton , David O'Leary and Steve Staunton all won major honours in the Scottish or English top-flights. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, players also from the Republic, such as John O'Shea , Stephen Carr , Steve Finnan , Denis Irwin , Niall Quinn , Roy Keane , Shay Given , Robbie Keane and Damien Duff , moved to enjoy decades-long careers in English and Scottish football, each winning at least one top-flight competition. In
2176-528: The Republic of Ireland population and 10% of the Northern Irish population. The age profile of the Irish-born is shown below. The population is aging, with 63% aged over 50 (compared to 39% among those born in England). 50.4% of those born in the Republic of Ireland arrived before 1981. Since those born in Northern Ireland are counted as UK citizens, information on when they moved isn't available. In contrast to
2240-451: The bombings. In November 2018, Birmingham's Irish Association revealed a memorial to those killed outside Birmingham New Street Station . A large number settled here in the 1950s as work was scarce at home, especially in the South. Many found work in the mills and factories and encouraged other family members to come over as there were jobs waiting for them. Bradford largely expanded into
2304-404: The building was replaced by a housing scheme called Spire House in 1983. Lancaster Gate stands alongside Hyde Park Gardens as one of the two grandest of the 19th-century housing schemes lining the northern side of Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens. The development was planned in 1856–57 on the site of a nursery and tea gardens, and construction took at least 10 years. The terraces overlooking
2368-585: The cities in the UK with a higher Irish population, and retains strong Irish links. The city council put the town's Irish population at 2.3% in 2009, higher than the UK national average of 1%, and additionally the Coventry Irish Society estimated that around 10% of the city's population are of Irish descent. During the 19th century, many of the towns in County Durham (the county Gateshead historically belongs to), which before that point had mostly been
2432-424: The city it is today during the 19th century, due to jobs in the newly built textile mills attracting many immigrants in dire need of work. The population increase, in fact, saw Bradford go from a small town of 6,000 in 1801, to 103,000 by 1851 according to records taken. Many of these newly arriving people were Irish escaping the Great Famine, and could easily take advantage of all the work Bradford had on offer due to
2496-499: The construction, factory and industrial work which the city had to offer. Many Irish people moved to Birmingham to build canals , roads and railways in the city's industrial past. St Chad's Cathedral is one of only two of the minor Basilicas in the UK. It is very important as the first Catholic church built in Britain after the English Reformation , and was designed by the architect Augustus Pugin . Community relations for
2560-532: The contribution of the Irish to the success of his industry had been "immeasurable". This statement by a member of the British upper class illustrates how Irish migrant labour was regularly employed to discipline and weaken organised English labour unions at the same time as disparaging the contribution of the latter to the development of their own nation. Of this process the German-born philosopher Karl Marx wrote in 1870: "Ireland constantly sends her own surplus to
2624-468: The course of the 19th century which the Irish undeniably contributed to. To this day, many people in the town are of Irish descent. Similarly to Bradford, Halifax was a desirable location for Irish escaping the Great Famine due to ease of access to reach, and the fact that its growth into an industrial boomtown over the 19th century coincided with the time of the famine. Many of the jobs on offer in Halifax were in newly opened cotton spinning mills, opened as
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2688-533: The dominant language of the Highlands into the 19th century. Before and during the Gregorian mission of 596 AD, Irish Christians such as Columba (521–97), Buriana , Diuma , Ceollach , Saint Machar , Saint Cathan , Saint Blane , Jaruman , Wyllow , Kessog , St Govan , Donnán of Eigg , Foillan and Saint Fursey began the conversion of the English and Pictish peoples. Modwenna and others were significant in
2752-502: The ease to reach there from Ireland. J. B. Hammond once commented on this, saying of the distance from Ireland to Yorkshire, "It was easier to reach Yorkshire from Ireland than from Norfolk or Dorset... Labourers who were sent to Lancashire were taken to London, put on a boat of Pickfords...carried to Manchester in four or five days at a cost of fourteen shillings. But an Irishman could cross to Liverpool in fourteen hours for two shillings and sixpence". In 1851, records showed that Bradford had
2816-454: The east developed independently of each other. Gradually over the following decades the remaining open spaces were built on and it became an urban area of affluent residential streets and garden squares . The Bayswater area elects a total of six councillors to Westminster City Council : three from the eponymous Bayswater ward, and three from Lancaster Gate ward. Following the 2022 Westminster City Council elections , five members belong to
2880-766: The east). Irish migration to Great Britain Irish people in Great Britain or British Irish are immigrants from the island of Ireland living in Great Britain as well as their British-born descendants. Irish migration to Great Britain has occurred from the earliest recorded history to the present. There has been a continuous movement of people between the islands of Ireland and Great Britain due to their proximity. This tide has ebbed and flowed in response to politics, economics and social conditions of both places. Today, millions of residents of Great Britain are either from Ireland or are entitled to an Irish passport due to having
2944-511: The emerging steelworks and shipbuilding industries in the town. At its peak, it was estimated that somewhere between 7-11% of Barrow's population were Irish or Scottish. As a result of this, to this day a huge number of Barrow's population are of Irish descent. Birmingham has a large Irish community, dating back to the Industrial Revolution , it is estimated that Birmingham has the largest Irish population per capita in Britain. Digbeth
3008-473: The following century. Some English monarchs, such as Oswiu of Northumbria (c. 612 – 15 February 670), Aldfrith (died 704 or 705) and Harold Godwinson (died 1066) were either raised in or sought refuge in Ireland, as did Welsh rulers such as Gruffudd ap Cynan . Alfred the Great may have spent some of his childhood in Ireland. In the year 902 Norsemen who had been forced out of Ireland were given permission by
3072-467: The forged, mid 8th century, Donation of Constantine , with the feudal Lordship of Ireland later leased to Henry II of England and his heirs, by Pope Alexander III 's, 1171 grant, resulting in the presence and settlement of Irish traders and seamen in English and Welsh ports, as well as the establishment of The Pale , on the island, the Irish settlers being subject to a poll tax, from 1440; in 1542, Henry VIII , following his excommunication, would have
3136-488: The game's development in Ireland. Moving from Northern Ireland between 1949 and 1963, players such as Danny Blanchflower , Jimmy McIlroy , Billy Bingham , Terry Neill , George Best , Pat Jennings and later, migrating between 1971 and 1981; Sammy McIlroy , Mal Donaghy , Norman Whiteside , David McCreery , Nigel Worthington , Jimmy Nicholl and Martin O'Neill won titles as players, or managers, in England and Scotland's top competitions. Moving to Britain from
3200-458: The headquarters of The Football Association were located in Lancaster Gate and the term was often used as a metonym for the organisation, but it later relocated to Soho Square and is now based at Wembley Stadium . Lancaster Gate is also an electoral ward of Westminster City Council . The population at the 2011 Census was 13,195. Notes Bibliography Bayswater Bayswater
3264-532: The highest proportion of Irish-born people in Yorkshire at the time. In Donald M. MacRaid's book Irish Migration in Modern Britain , he comments on research showing that a large number of Bradford's Irish originally came from County Mayo , County Sligo , County Dublin , and County Laois , with records also suggesting that there was a common migration trail at the time from County Roscommon to Bradford. Many of
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#17328450214393328-543: The independent Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland , a constituent of the United Kingdom . Irish people who made Britain their home in the later medieval era included Aoife MacMurrough , Princess of Leinster (1145–88), the poet Muireadhach Albanach (fl. 1213), the lawyer William of Drogheada (died 1245), Máel Muire Ó Lachtáin (died 1249), Malachias Hibernicus (fl. 1279–1300), Gilbert Ó Tigernaig (died 1323), Diarmait MacCairbre (executed 1490) and Germyn Lynch (fl. 1441–1483), all of whom made successful lives in
3392-431: The late 19th century, emigration was heaviest from Ireland's most rural southern and western counties. Cork , Kerry , Galway , Mayo , Sligo , Tipperary and Limerick alone provided nearly half of Ireland's emigrants. Some of this movement was temporary, made up of seasonal harvest labourers working in Britain and returning home for winter and spring. Some notable people born in Ireland who settled in Great Britain in
3456-406: The name Lancaster Gate limited to the square surrounding the church. The development takes its name from Lancaster Gate, a nearby entrance to Kensington Gardens, itself named in honour of Queen Victoria as Duke of Lancaster . The terraces are stuccoed and are in an eclectic classical style featuring English Baroque details and French touches. The church, known as Christ Church, Lancaster Gate,
3520-476: The park were designed by Sancton Wood and those around the square by John Johnson. The exteriors are largely complete, with just a couple of 20th-century infills, but many of the interiors have been reconstructed behind the facades. Many of the properties are still in residential use and command very high prices. Others are used as embassies (such as the Embassy of Costa Rica ), offices , or hotels . For many years,
3584-427: The population), who had been born in Ireland, down from 674,786 in 2001. Of these, 314,674 were born in the Republic of Ireland, and 190,538 born in Northern Ireland. Despite the drop since 2001, this is still the greatest concentration of Irish-born—as distinct from persons of Irish ancestry—abroad anywhere in the world and was equivalent to 7.3% of the population of the island of Ireland (6.9 million) in 2021, or 6.2% of
3648-554: The same era, players who moved from Northern Ireland to Britain, winning competitions in the Scottish and English top-tiers, included Steven Davis , David Healy , Jonny Evans , Keith Gillespie , Roy Carroll , Gerry Taggart , Kyle Lafferty and Neil Lennon . Prior to the 19th century, much of Irish migration of the modern period had been large-scale movement of temporary labourers to Britain. These seasonal workers or labourers, known as Spalpeens and Tatie Hookers, were often based on extended family ties, and would involve up to half
3712-462: The stereotype of the Irish navvy or building worker, almost two thirds of Irish people under 50 in England are now full time students (ages 16-24) or working in professional, administrative, and management positions. This is in comparison to 49% of 16-24 year olds in full time education, and 43% of the population in professional, administrative and management positions in the English-born. Similarly,
3776-506: The towns that changed most significantly due to the events of Industrial Revolution, but moreover took in one of the largest numbers of Irish of all the County Durham towns. In 1871, the town was recorded as having the densest number of Irish-born in County Durham, at 6.7%, and a year later it was recorded that 1 in 4 people in the town were Irish. The town also went through a huge population increase, rising by approximately 100,000 people over
3840-471: The traditional view is that Gaelic language and culture was brought to Scotland , probably in the 4th century, by settlers from Ireland, who founded the Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata on Scotland's west coast. This is based mostly on medieval writings from the 9th and 10th centuries. However, recently some archeologists have argued against this view, saying that there is no archeological or placename evidence for
3904-595: The various kingdoms of Britain. Historically, Irish immigrants to the United Kingdom in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were considered over-represented amongst those appearing in court. However, research suggests that policing strategy may have put immigrants at a disadvantage by targeting only the most public forms of crime, while locals were more likely able to engage in the types of crimes that could be conducted behind locked doors. An analysis of historical courtroom records suggests that despite higher rates of arrest, immigrants were not systematically disadvantaged by
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#17328450214393968-459: Was an asymmetrical gothic composition with a needle spire. The architects were F. & H. Francis. The church was one of the best-known in London, but when dry rot was discovered in the roof the decision was taken to demolish most of the building and redevelop the site. The last service in the church was on 6 March 1977, and demolition began on 15 August 1977; only the tower and spire survive. The rest of
4032-584: Was featured in the Evening Standard 's Progress 1000 list, which claims to chart the careers of London's most influential people. Irish presenter Liz Bonnin has also relocated to London. Bonnin, who has Indian , Portuguese, and French- Martiniquan heritage moved to Britain after establishing a science-based broadcasting career with the BBC since 2009. In 2020, Irish women's football player Rianna Jarrett relocated to Brighton , England. Jarrett, whose father
4096-409: Was the Great Famine which caused many from Ireland in particular to be drawn to jobs in the County Durham area, and make the move. A further advantage was that the county was quite straightforward to reach from Ireland, due to easy access by rail to there from the western port of Whitehaven , itself easily accessible by ferry from Ireland itself (in particular, Ulster). Gateshead in particular was one of
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