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50-506: Lame Deer was the second signatory of the 1865 Treaty With The Sioux-Miniconjou Band at Fort Sully , Dakota Territory (now just southeast of Pierre, South Dakota ): "Tah-ke-chah-hoosh-tay, The Lame Deer, 1st chief of the Minneconjon band of Dakota or Sioux Indians". This group of Lakota were opposed to the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie , which required the Lakota to cede much of their territory to

100-484: A better explanation of Pope than treachery, though he certainly showed an insubordinate spirit." Pope eventually forced the Confederates under Sterling Price to retreat southward, taking 1,200 prisoners in a minor action at Blackwater, Missouri , on December 18. Pope, who established a reputation as a braggart early in the war, was able to generate significant press interest in his minor victory, which brought him to

150-558: A campaign to capture Island No. 10 , a strongly fortified post garrisoned by 12,000 men and 58 guns. Pope's engineers cut a channel that allowed him to bypass the island. Assisted by the gunboats of Captain Andrew H. Foote , he landed his men on the opposite shore, which isolated the defenders. The island garrison surrendered on April 7, 1862, freeing Union navigation of the Mississippi as far south as Memphis . Pope's outstanding performance on

200-556: A diversion to Cedar Mountain , where Jackson defeated Pope's subordinate, Nathaniel Banks . As Lee advanced on Pope with the remainder of his army, Jackson swung around to the north and captured Pope's main supply base at Manassas Station . Confused and unable to locate the main Confederate force, Pope walked into a trap in the Second Battle of Bull Run . His men withstood a combined attack by Jackson and Lee on August 29, 1862, but on

250-465: A fire, originating accidentally in the quarters of Company A, Eleventh Infantry, destroyed the quarters of Company A and the adjoining quarters of the band, Eleventh Infantry, the post guard-house, the store-room, one squad-room, orderly-room, and kitchen of Company E, Eleventh Infantry, and all except one squad-room and the mess-room of Company K, Eleventh Infantry. February 14, Company A was transferred to Fort Bennett, temporarily, for quarters, arriving at

300-778: A friend in his command from the smallest drummer boy to the highest general officer. All hated him." Pope himself was relieved of command on September 12, 1862, and his army was merged into the Army of the Potomac under McClellan. He spent the remainder of the war in the Department of the Northwest in Minnesota , dealing with the Dakota War of 1862 . His months campaigning in the West paid career dividends because he

350-492: A glorious deed and that your names will be dear to your countrymen forever Despite this bravado, and despite receiving units from McClellan's Army of the Potomac that swelled the Army of Virginia to 70,000 men, Pope's aggressiveness exceeded his strategic capabilities, particularly since he was now facing Confederate General Robert E. Lee . Lee, sensing that Pope was indecisive, split his smaller (55,000-man) army, sending Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson with 24,000 men as

400-650: A half stories high, and contain each four rooms, a hall, store-room, and pantry. Two cottages are of one story, while two others, of one and a half stories, are divided each into two sets of quarters of four rooms. None of these quarters have bath-rooms. The guard and prison-rooms are in the ends of the barrack building next the sally-port. The prisoners' room is 15 by 15 feet (4.6 m). The quartermaster's store-houses, two in number, measure 230 by 22 feet (6.7 m) and 120 by 24 feet (7.3 m). The commissary's store-houses , also two in number, measure 228 by 17 feet (5.2 m) and 50 by 22 feet (6.7 m). The hospital

450-661: A serious blow in 1879 when a late-convened Board of Inquiry called by President Rutherford B. Hayes and led by Maj. Gen. John Schofield (Pope's immediate predecessor in the Department of the Missouri and then head of the Department of the Pacific) concluded that Major General Fitz John Porter had been unfairly convicted of cowardice and disobedience at the Second Battle of Bull Run . The Schofield report used evidence of former Confederate commanders and concluded that Pope himself bore most of

500-425: A soldier should desire to occupy is one from which he can most easily advance against the enemy. Let us study the probable lines of retreat of our opponents, and leave our own to take care of themselves. Let us look before us, and not behind. Success and glory are in the advance, disaster and shame lurk in the rear. Let us act on this understanding, and it is safe to predict that your banners shall be inscribed with many

550-436: Is built on the "third terrace," a level plateau, 160 feet (49 m) above low-water mark, and about the same distance below the summit level proper. On the south the surface slopes rapidly into a deep ravine, dry, except in early spring. On the west the descent is abrupt to the second terrace, a strip one hundred yards wide, on which are the stables, granary, saw-mill, smithy, interpreter's house, tavern, etc. Still further below

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600-625: The Lincoln administration to bring him to the Eastern Theater to lead the newly formed Army of Virginia . He initially distanced himself from many of his officers and men by publicly denigrating their record in comparison to his Western command. He launched an offensive against the Confederate army of General Robert E. Lee , in which he fell prey to a strategic turning movement into his rear areas by Maj. Gen. Stonewall Jackson . At Second Bull Run, he concentrated his attention on attacking Jackson while

650-752: The United States Military Academy , 17th in a class of 56, in 1842, and was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in the Corps of Topographical Engineers . He served in Florida and then helped survey the northeastern border between the United States and Canada . He fought under Zachary Taylor in the Battle of Monterrey and Battle of Buena Vista during the Mexican–American War , for which he

700-626: The District of North and Central Missouri in July, with operational control along a portion of the Mississippi River . He had an uncomfortable relationship with Frémont and politicked behind the scenes to get him removed from command. Frémont was convinced that Pope had treacherous intentions toward him, demonstrated by his lack of action in following Frémont's offensive plans in Missouri. Historian Allan Nevins wrote, "Actually, incompetence and timidity offer

750-741: The Mississippi earned him a promotion to major general, dated as of March 21, 1862. During the Siege of Corinth , he commanded the left wing of Halleck's army, but he was soon summoned to the East by Lincoln. After the collapse of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan 's Peninsula Campaign , Pope was appointed to command the Army of Virginia , assembled from scattered forces in the Shenandoah Valley and Northern Virginia . This promotion infuriated Frémont, who resigned his commission. Pope brought an attitude of self-assurance that

800-764: The Powder River area of Montana. The rest of the Sioux had surrendered to the United States or crossed into Canda with Sitting Bull. Colonel Nelson A. Miles tracked Lame Deer's group to a tributary of the Rosebud known to the whites as the Big Muddy and to the Indians as Fat Horse Creek, about 1 mile southwest of the present-day town of Lame Deer, Montana . On May 7, 1877, soldiers under Miles' command attacked Lame Deer's encampment. Lame Deer

850-543: The Sioux was garrisoned at old Fort Sully. It was abandoned in the fall of 1866 on account of Its unhealthful location on the lowlands of the Missouri. Today the site is located within the Farm Island State Recreation Area . On the 13th day of October it was pronounced ready for a company, and its garrison marched in; headquarters and three companies of the Thirtieth Wisconsin ; three companies of

900-657: The Sixth and three of the Seventh Iowa Cavalry, all under the command of Lieutenant Colonel E. M. Bartlett of the Thirtieth Wisconsin, who, in his order assuming the command, announces that the post is to be known as Fort Sully, "in compliment to our brave commander, Brigadier General Alfred Sully, U. S. Volunteers, now commanding the District of Iowa and Dakota." Company K., 6th Iowa cavalry, under Captain John Logan spent

950-619: The United States. Lame Deer's band of Miniconjou participated in all of the fighting against United States troops during the Sioux War of 1876, including the Battle of the Greasy Grass , also known as the Battle of the Little Bighorn, where the combined Lakota and allied forces dealt an overwhelming defeat to United States forces. Until 1877, Lame Deer and his followers continued to roam free around

1000-470: The attention of Frémont's replacement, Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck . Halleck appointed Pope to command the Army of the Mississippi (and the District of the Mississippi, Department of the Missouri) on February 23, 1862. Given 25,000 men, he was ordered to clear Confederate obstacles on the Mississippi River . He made a surprise march on New Madrid , Missouri, and captured it on March 14. He then orchestrated

1050-652: The backs of his enemies, that he takes no care for lines of retreat or bases of supplies; when, in short, from a snug hotel in Washington he issues after-dinner orders to gratify public taste and his own self-esteem, anyone may confidently look for results such as have followed the bungling management of his last campaign ... I dare not trust myself to speak of this commander as I feel and believe. Suffice it to say (for your eye alone) that more insolence, superciliousness, ignorance, and pretentiousness were never combined in one man. It can with truth be said of him that he had not

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1100-401: The barracks were very defective. There were three sets of laundresses' quarters, in a large one-story house similar to the officers' quarters. For officers' quarters there are nine detached frame buildings, built of pine, on brick foundations, with collars underneath. Each set has a back building of one story, as a kitchen. All the rooms are lathed and plastered. Three of the houses are one and

1150-641: The enemy been able to place our Western armies in defensive attitude. I presume that I have been called here to pursue the same system and to lead you against the enemy. It is my purpose to do so, and that speedily. I am sure you long for an opportunity to win the distinction you are capable of achieving. That opportunity I shall endeavor to give you. Meantime I desire you to dismiss from your minds certain phrases, which I am sorry to find so much in vogue amongst you. I hear constantly of "taking strong positions and holding them," of "lines of retreat," and of "bases of supplies." Let us discard such ideas. The strongest position

1200-693: The ensuing winter at Fort Sully, Dakota territory, and accompanied the command under Gen. Sully, to the Devil's Lake region, in July and August. Troops in the Department of the Northwest, Maj.-Gen. John Pope , U. S. Army, Commanding, District of Iowa, Northwestern Indian Expedition under Brig.-Gen. Alfred Sully: Treaty between, the United States of America and the Yanktonai Band of Dakota or Sioux Indians. Concluded at Fort Sully, October 20, 1865. Art. I. The Yanktonai band of Dakota or Sioux Indians, represented in council, hereby acknowledge themselves to be subject to

1250-519: The exclusive jurisdiction and authority of The United States, and hereby obligate and bind themselves, individually and collectively, not only to cease all hostilities against the persons and property of its citizens, but to use their influence, and, if requisite, physical force, to prevent other bands of Dakota Indians, or other adjacent tribes, from making hostile demonstrations against the Government or people of The United States. In 1866 old Fort Sully

1300-461: The following day, reluctantly obeying Pope's orders, Maj. Gen. Fitz John Porter swung to attack Jackson, exposing his (and by extension the whole Union army's) flank. Maj. Gen. James Longstreet launched a surprise flanking attack, and the Union Army was soundly defeated and forced to retreat. Pope compounded his unpopularity with the Army by blaming his defeat on disobedience by Maj. Gen. Porter, who

1350-534: The last decade before the Civil War surveying possible southern routes for the proposed first transcontinental railroad . He was an early appointee as a Union brigadier general of volunteers and served initially under Maj. Gen. John C. Frémont . He achieved initial success against Brig. Gen. Sterling Price in Missouri , then led a successful campaign that captured Island No. 10 on the Mississippi River . This inspired

1400-462: The latter post on the same day. Distance traveled, 7 miles (11 km). 12 years 1887-1894 On October 20, 1894, Major Gageby and Companies B, C, and D of the Twelfth Infantry left Fort Sully en route to Fort Niobrara , Nebraska leaving Fort Sully abandoned. John Pope (military officer) American Civil War Dakota War of 1862 John Pope (March 16, 1822 – September 23, 1892)

1450-436: The mouth of Cheyenne River; at an elevation above the sea of about 2,000 feet (610 m). The nearest town is Yancton, 300 miles (480 km) below by river. The nearest posts are Fort Randall, 200 miles (320 km) below, and Fort Rice , about the same distance above. The post was about halfway between the head of navigation ( Fort Benton ) and the mouth of the Missouri, and is 1,480 miles (2,380 km) above St. Louis. It

1500-539: The other Confederate corps led by Maj. Gen. James Longstreet attacked his flank and routed his army. Following Manassas, Pope was banished far from the Eastern Theater to the Department of the Northwest in Minnesota, where he commanded U.S. Forces in the Dakota War of 1862 . He was appointed to command the Department of the Missouri in 1865 and was a prominent and activist commander during Reconstruction in Atlanta . For

1550-408: The reservation system would be better administered by the military than the corrupt Indian Bureau . He also engendered controversy by calling for better and more humane treatment of Native Americans , but author Walter Donald Kennedy notes that he also said "It is my purpose to utterly exterminate the Sioux" and planned to make a "final settlement with all these Indians". Pope's reputation suffered

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1600-629: The responsibility for the Union loss. The report characterized Pope as reckless and dangerously uninformed about events during the battle, also criticized General Irvin McDowell (whom Pope detested), and credited Porter's perceived disobedience with saving the Union army from complete ruin. Pope was promoted to major general in the Regular Army in 1882 and was assigned to command of the Military Division of

1650-564: The rest of his military career, he fought in the Indian Wars , particularly against the Apache and Sioux . Pope was born in Louisville, Kentucky , the son of Nathaniel Pope , a prominent Federal judge in early Illinois Territory and a friend of lawyer Abraham Lincoln . He was the brother-in-law of Manning Force , and a distant cousin married the sister of Mary Todd Lincoln . He graduated from

1700-400: Was found guilty by court-martial and disgraced . Brigadier General Alpheus S. Williams , who served briefly under Pope, held the general in particularly low esteem. In a letter to his daughter, he wrote: All this is the sequence of Gen. Pope's high sounding manifestoes. His pompous orders ... greatly disgusted his army from the first. When a general boasts that he will look only on

1750-647: Was a career United States Army officer and Union general in the American Civil War . He had a brief stint in the Western Theater , but he is best known for his defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run (Second Manassas) in the East . Pope was a graduate of the United States Military Academy in 1842. He served in the Mexican–American War and had numerous assignments as a topographical engineer and surveyor in Florida , New Mexico , and Minnesota . He spent much of

1800-515: Was an ideal spot for a fort for defense. It stood on an elevated plateau about 160 feet (49 m) above a wide and beautiful valley of the Missouri. Its site was also about the same elevation above much of the surrounding prairie. This Fort Sully was for many years one of the main military forts in Dakota. Fort Sully was situated on the east bank of the Missouri River, twenty miles (32 km) below

1850-546: Was appointed a brevet first lieutenant and captain , respectively. After the war Pope worked as a surveyor in Minnesota. In 1850 he demonstrated the navigability of the Red River . He served as the chief engineer of the Department of New Mexico from 1851 to 1853 and spent the remainder of the years preceding the Civil War surveying a route for the Pacific Railroad . Pope was serving on lighthouse duty when Abraham Lincoln

1900-840: Was appointed head of the Department of the Lakes (based in Detroit, Michigan ) from January 13, 1868, to April 30, 1870. Pope returned to the West as commander of the Department of the Missouri (the nation's second-largest geographical command) during the Grant presidency, and held that command through 1883. He served with distinction in the Apache Wars , including the Red River War relocating Southern Plains tribes to reservations in Oklahoma. General Pope made political enemies in Washington when he recommended that

1950-789: Was assigned to command the Military Division of the Missouri on January 30, 1865, and received a brevet promotion to major general in the regular army on March 13, 1865, for his service at Island No. 10. In April 1867, Pope was named governor of the Reconstruction Third Military District and made his headquarters in Atlanta , issuing orders that allowed African Americans to serve on juries, ordering Mayor James Williams to remain in office another year, postponing elections, and banning city advertising in newspapers that did not favor Reconstruction. President Andrew Johnson removed him from command December 28, 1867, replacing him with George G. Meade . Following this, Pope

2000-404: Was elected and he was one of four officers selected to escort the president-elect to Washington, D.C. He offered to serve Lincoln as an aide, but on June 14, 1861, he was appointed brigadier general of volunteers (date of rank effective May 17, 1861) and was ordered to Illinois to recruit volunteers. In the Department of the West under Maj. Gen. John C. Frémont , Pope assumed command of

2050-499: Was in existence and occupied from 1863 to 1866, and the later, or new Fort Sully, which was established in 1866 and was continuously occupied as a military fort until its abandonment in the fall of 1894. Old Fort Sully 44°20′46″N 100°16′29″W  /  44.34611°N 100.27472°W  / 44.34611; -100.27472 , in present-day Hughes County , was built by the orders of Major General Alfred Sully in September 1863 and

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2100-409: Was in the process of surrendering to Miles when a white scout aimed his rifle at Lame Deer. According to Miles, who was grasping Lame Deer's hand at the time, Lame Deer must have believed that he would be killed even if he surrendered. Lame Deer then pulled free and grabbed his rifle. He fired at Miles, missing him but killing a soldier. Lame Deer was shot in the ensuing gunfight and later died. Lame Deer

2150-611: Was intended for four companies. The men's quarters consist of two buildings, each 350 feet (110 m) long by 17 feet (5.2 m) wide, placed end to end, with an interval of 15 feet (4.6 m), which forms the sallyport. They are built of cottonwood logs, covered with pine siding, are lathed and plastered, the ceilings being 12 feet (3.7 m) high. Transverse partitions divide the buildings into dormitories, mess-rooms, kitchens, &c. The squad-rooms measure 20 by 17 feet (5.2 m), are intended for 16 men each, allowing about 255 cubic feet (7.2 m ) air space per man. The experiment

2200-570: Was located near the brink of the ravine, to the south of the post. 7 years 1866-1873 4 years 1874-1879 9 years 1879-1887 In December, 1878, Company A, Eleventh Infantry , changed station from Fort Bennett (late Cheyenne Agency) to Fort Sully. October 1879 At Fort Sully, D. T., Companies A and K of the Eleventh Infantry. In December, 1879, the headquarters, band, and Companies G and I, Eleventh Infantry, changed station from Fort Bennett to Fort Sully, D. T. February 12, 1884, at Fort Sully

2250-423: Was named for him. It was located about eighty rods from the left (east) bank of the Missouri River, a short distance above the head of Farm Island and about four and one-half miles southeast of what is now the city of Pierre, South Dakota. It was 270 feet (82 m) square and was built of cottonwood timber taken from Farm Island. A portion of the command of General Sully in the campaigns of 1863-4 and 1865 against

2300-438: Was offensive to the eastern soldiers under his command. He issued an astonishing message to his new army on July 14, 1862, that included the following: Let us understand each other. I have come to you from the West, where we have always seen the backs of our enemies; from an army whose business it has been to seek the adversary and to beat him when he was found; whose policy has been attack and not defense. In but one instance has

2350-467: Was temporarily under the command of the Department of the Platte before being assigned to the Department of Dakota in the new Division of Missouri . The later, or new Fort Sully, Established July 25, 1866. Its-erection was begun in July, 1866, but it was not completed until 1868. The site of the new fort, in present-day Sully County , was much more suitable and healthful than the old Fort Sully, Indeed, it

2400-521: Was the grandfather of John Fire Lame Deer who was born in the twentieth century. This biographical article about an Indigenous person of North America is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Fort Sully (South Dakota) Fort Sully was one of the main military posts located on the east bank of the Missouri River in central Dakota built for use in the Indian Wars . There were two forts named Sully—old Fort Sully, which

2450-631: Was the river bottom, of varying width, frequently subject to overflow, moderately well timbered and very fertile. Here the company and hospital gardens are situated. On the left bank of the Missouri river. Postoffice and telegraph station at post. Nearest town, Springfield, Dakota, 220 miles (350 km) distant by wagon road, Yankton, Dakota, (terminus of the Dakota Southern R. R.), distant 262 miles (422 km) by land, and 351 by Missouri river; Sioux City, Iowa, 343 miles (552 km) distant by land. 575 miles (925 km) by Missouri river. The post

2500-441: Was tried for one company of removing the partitions and throwing the small rooms into one, but it was thought that this weakened the building too much. There were no wash or bath-rooms. Ablution must be performed out of doors. It was in contemplation to build a piazza for each building. The dormitories were fitted with rough wooden double bunks in two tiers. The privies, ordinary earth latrines, are 75 yards distant. The ventilation of

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