Misplaced Pages

#844155

40-512: Province Lake's maximum depth is between 15 and 17 feet (4.6 and 5.2 m), quite shallow for a New Hampshire lake, so there are no coldwater fish within. It is fed by several wetland areas, one named stream (Hobbs Brook), and by underwater springs. The quality of the water is high. The lake is classified as a warmwater fishery, with observed species including smallmouth and largemouth bass , chain pickerel , and horned pout . Loons, great blue heron, occasional mergansers and bald eagles are seen at

80-456: A better, more exciting fight than any other black bass . Rods are usually of ultralight to medium-heavy action. They may also be caught with a fly rod using a dry or wet artificial fly , nymphs, streamers, or imitations of larger aquatic creatures, such as hellgrammites , crawfish, or leeches. Floating topwater popper fly patterns and buzz baits are also popular for smallmouth fishing. For river fishing, spinning tackle or fly tackle has been

120-427: A carnivorous diet along with a broader head, larger jaw muscles, and a shorter gut if food is scarce, allowing them to consume fairy shrimp and their smaller herbivorous siblings. A few genera such as Pipidae and Microhylidae have species whose tadpoles are filter feeders that swim through the water column feeding on plankton . Megophrys tadpoles feed at the water surface using unusual funnel-shaped mouths. As

160-400: A frog tadpole matures it gradually develops its limbs, with the back legs growing first and the front legs second. The tail is absorbed into the body using apoptosis . Lungs develop around the time as the legs start growing, and tadpoles at this stage will often swim to the surface and gulp air. During the final stages of metamorphosis, the tadpole's mouth changes from a small, enclosed mouth at

200-414: A healthy environment, though they are still much more resilient than most trout species. Carnivorous, its diet comprises crayfish , amphibians , insects , and smaller fish, while the larvae feed on various zooplankton and insect larvae. Adults also cannibalize young of other parents. The female can lay up to 21,100 eggs, which are guarded by the male in his nest. When the weather gets colder, and

240-411: A laterally compressed tail with which they swim by lateral undulation . When first hatched, anuran tadpoles have external gills that are eventually covered by skin, forming an opercular chamber with internal gills vented by spiracles . Depending on the species, there can be two spiracles on both sides of the body, a single spiracle on the underside near the vent, or a single spiracle on the left side of

280-504: A light yellow-brown and are more oval-shaped. There are two recognized subspecies, the Northern smallmouth bass ( M. dolomieui dolomieui ) and the Neosho smallmouth bass ( M. dolomieui velox ). The Northern smallmouth bass is much more widespread than the much smaller subgroup called the Neosho smallmouth bass. The Neosho are native to an ecologically isolated region of the lower Midwest known as

320-560: A loss of river habitat caused by damming many formerly wild rivers to form lakes or reservoirs. In recent years, a renewed emphasis on preserving water quality and riparian habitat in the nation's rivers and lakes, together with stricter management practices, eventually benefited smallmouth populations and has caused a resurgence in their popularity with anglers. Today, smallmouth bass are very popular game fish , frequently sought by anglers using conventional spinning and bait casting gear, as well as fly fishing tackle. The smallmouth bass

360-458: A pouch. Male African bullfrogs ( Pyxicephalus adspersus ) will keep watch over their tadpoles, attacking anything that might be a potential threat, even though he may eat some of the tadpoles himself. Males of the Emei mustache toads ( Leptobrachium boringii ) will construct nests along riverbanks where they breed with females and keep watch over the eggs, losing as much as 7.3% of their body mass in

400-667: A variety of cuisines. Tadpoles of the megophryid frog Oreolalax rhodostigmatus are particularly large, more than 10 cm (3.9 in) in length, and are collected for human consumption in China. In Peru Telmatobius mayoloi tadpoles are collected for both food and medicine. According to Sir George Scott , in the origin myths of the Wa people in China and Myanmar , the first Wa originated from two female ancestors Ya Htawm and Ya Htai , who spent their early phase as tadpoles (" rairoh ") in

440-470: Is a limbless free-living organism that has a tail and is referred to as a tadpole, although in a few cases (e.g., in the Breviceps and Probreviceps genera of frogs) direct development occurs in which the larval stage is confined within the egg. Tadpoles of frogs are mostly herbivorous, while tadpoles of salamanders and caecilians are carnivorous. Tadpoles of frogs and toads are usually globular, with

SECTION 10

#1732848983845

480-427: Is from Middle English taddepol , made up of the elements tadde , ' toad ', and pol , ' head ' (modern English poll ). Similarly, pollywog / polliwog is from Middle English polwygle , made up of the same pol , 'head', and wiglen , 'to wiggle'. The life cycle of all amphibians involves a larval stage that is intermediate between embryo and adult. In most cases this larval stage

520-562: Is heavily dependent on latitudinal location. Smallmouth require clean stone, rock, or gravel substrate for a successful spawn. In the United States, smallmouth bass were first introduced outside of their native range with the construction of the Erie Canal in 1825, extending the fish's range into central New York state. During the mid-to-late 19th century, smallmouth were transplanted via the nation's rail system to lakes and rivers throughout

560-576: Is native to the upper and middle Mississippi River basin, the Saint Lawrence River – Great Lakes system, the Champlain Valley , and the Hudson Bay basin. Its common names include smallmouth , bronzeback , brown bass , brownie , smallie , bronze bass , and bareback bass . Smallmouth have a slender but muscular fusiform body shape making them powerful swimmers. The coloration of

600-537: Is potentially the toughest fighting freshwater fish in North America, and is commonly the targeted species in many fresh water fishing tournaments. In addition to wild populations, the smallmouth bass is stocked in cool rivers and lakes throughout Canada and the United States. In shallow streams, it is a wary fish, though usually not to the extent of most trout. The smallmouth is highly regarded for its topwater fighting ability when hooked – old fishing journals referred to

640-500: Is the type species of its genus Micropterus ( black basses ), and is a popular game fish sought by anglers throughout the temperate zones of North America , and has been spread by stocking —as well as illegal introductions—to many cool-water tributaries and lakes in Canada and more so introduced in the United States. The maximum recorded size is approximately 27 inches (69 cm) and 12 pounds (5.4 kg). The smallmouth bass

680-655: The Dale Hollow Reservoir , on the Kentucky/Tennessee border, in 1955. In conventional fishing, smallmouth may be successfully caught on a wide range of natural and artificial baits or lures, including crankbaits , hair jigs, plastic jerkbaits, artificial worms, spinnerbaits , and all types of soft plastic lures, including curly tail grubs or tubes with lead head jigs. Spinning reels or baitcasting reels may be used, with line strengths of 6 to 15 pounds typically utilized. According to many, smallmouth typically put up

720-606: The Central Interior Highlands, which weave through southwestern Missouri, northern Arkansas and northeastern Oklahoma. They eat tadpoles , fish, aquatic insects, and crayfish . The world record size is 11 pounds 15 ounces (5.41 kg) caught in the Dale Hollow reservoir, on the Kentucky — Tennessee border. The smallmouth bass is found in clearer water than the largemouth, especially streams, rivers, and

760-497: The Indian purple frog ( Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis ) and the tailed frogs ( Ascaphus ) of Western North America. Although there are no marine tadpoles, the tadpoles of the crab-eating frog can cope with brackish water. Some anurans will provide parental care towards their tadpoles. Frogs of the genus Afrixalus will lay their eggs on leaves above water, folding the leaves around the eggs for protection. Female Pipa frogs will embed

800-501: The bellies of many species. Though many tadpoles will feed on dead animals if available to them, only a few species of frog have strictly carnivorous tadpoles, an example being the frogs of the family Ceratophryidae , their cannibalistic tadpoles having wide gaping mouths with which they devour other organisms, including other tadpoles. Another example is the tadpoles of the New Mexico spadefoot toad ( Spea multiplicata ) which will develop

840-419: The body. Newly hatched tadpoles are also equipped with a cement gland which allows them to attach to objects. The tadpoles have a cartilaginous skeleton and a notochord which eventually develops into a proper spinal cord. Anuran tadpoles are usually herbivorous, feeding on soft decaying plant matter. The gut of most tadpoles is long and spiral-shaped to efficiently digest organic matter and can be seen through

SECTION 20

#1732848983845

880-425: The developing tadpoles to feed on. Despite their soft-bodied nature and lack of mineralised hard parts, fossil tadpoles (around 10 cm in length) have been recovered from Upper Miocene strata. They are preserved by virtue of biofilms , with more robust structures (the jaw and bones) preserved as a carbon film . In Miocene fossils from Libros , Spain, the brain case is preserved in calcium carbonate , and

920-404: The diet of tadpoles changes drastically. A few amphibians, such as some members of the frog family Brevicipitidae , undergo direct development  – i.e., they do not undergo a free-living larval stage as tadpoles – instead emerging from eggs as fully formed "froglet" miniatures of the adult morphology . Some other species hatch into tadpoles underneath the skin of

960-459: The eggs into their backs where they get covered by a thin layer of skin. The eggs will hatch underneath her skin and grow, eventually leaving as either large tadpoles (such as in Pipa parva ) or as fully formed froglets ( Pipa pipa ). Female marsupial frogs ( Hemiphractidae ) will carry eggs on her back for various amounts of time, with it going as far as letting the tadpoles develop into tiny froglets in

1000-403: The family Ranixalidae , whose tadpoles are found in wet crevices near streams. The tadpoles of Micrixalus herrei are adapted to a fossorial lifestyle, with a muscular body and tail, eyes covered by a layer of skin, and reduced pigment. Several frogs have stream dwelling tadpoles equipped with a strong oral sucker that allows them to hold onto rocks in fast flowing water, two examples being

1040-484: The female adult or are kept in a pouch until after metamorphosis. Having no hard skeletons, it might be expected that tadpole fossils would not exist. However, traces of biofilms have been preserved and fossil tadpoles have been found dating back to the Middle Jurassic . Tadpoles are eaten as human food in some parts of the world and are mentioned in various folk tales from around the world. The name tadpole

1080-983: The fishes age, habitat, water quality, diet, and the spawning cycle. Generally, the protruding jaw of the smallmouth does not extend back beyond the eyes which are red or brown. They have two dorsal fins which are separated by a shallow interdorsal notch. The front dorsal has 9–11 spiney rays and the back dorsal has 13–15 soft rays. Males are generally smaller than females. The males tend to range around two pounds, while females can range from three to six pounds. Their average sizes and coloration can differ, depending on if they are found in lacustrine or riverine habitats. Smallmouth found in riverine habitats are generally long and slender which allows greater agility in moving water, while those found in lacustrine habitats and shorter and deeper bodied. Riverine smallmouth that live in dark water tend to be rather torpedo-shaped and very dark brown to be more efficient for feeding. Lacustrine smallmouth bass, however, that live in sandy areas, tend to be

1120-433: The front of the head to a large mouth the same width as the head. The intestines shorten as they transition from a herbivorous diet to the carnivorous diet of adult frogs. Tadpoles vary greatly in size, both during their development and between species. For example, in a single family, Megophryidae , length of late-stage tadpoles varies between 3.3 centimetres (1.3 in) and 10.6 centimetres (4.2 in). The tadpoles of

1160-406: The lake. This New Hampshire state location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Maine state location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Smallmouth bass The smallmouth bass ( Micropterus dolomieu ) is a species of freshwater fish in the sunfish family ( Centrarchidae ) of the order Perciformes . It

1200-481: The most popular angling tools for smallmouth in North America for many years. When fishing in colder water, it is believed to be more effective to fish with smaller lures like hair jigs or small spinners. During the rest of the year, smallmouth are usually taken using soft plastic tubes or spinnerbaits. The best spots in rivers to fish for smallmouth are behind rocks or in eddies, where water swirls around. Smallmouth can also be taken in cool lakes like Lake Erie or any of

1240-541: The nation's eastern trout rivers were polluted or experienced elevated water temperatures, reducing the range of native brook trout . Smallmouth bass were often introduced to northern rivers with increased water temperatures and slowly became a popular gamefish with many anglers. Equally adaptable to large, cool-water impoundments and reservoirs, the smallmouth also spread far beyond its original native range. Later, smallmouth populations also began to decline after years of damage caused by overdevelopment and pollution, as well as

Province Lake - Misplaced Pages Continue

1280-433: The nerve cord in calcium phosphate . Other parts of the tadpoles' bodies exist as organic remains and bacterial biofilms, with sedimentary detritus present in the gut. Tadpole remains with telltale external gills are also known from several labyrinthodont groups. The oldest unambiguous fossil, a tadpole of the species Notobatrachus deguistioi from the Middle Jurassic , was published on in 2024. Tadpoles are used in

1320-565: The northern and western United States, as far as California. Shippers found that smallmouth bass were a hardy species that could be transported in buckets or barrels by rail, sometimes using the spigots from the railroad water tanks to aerate the fingerlings. They were introduced east of the Appalachians just before the Civil War, and afterwards transplanted to the states of New England. With increased industrialization and land use changes, many of

1360-504: The northern lakes. Tadpole A tadpole or polliwog (also spelled pollywog ) is the larval stage in the biological life cycle of an amphibian . Most tadpoles are fully aquatic , though some species of amphibians have tadpoles that are terrestrial . Tadpoles have some fish -like features that may not be found in adult amphibians such as a lateral line , gills and swimming tails . As they undergo metamorphosis , they start to develop functional lungs for breathing air, and

1400-430: The paradoxical frog ( Pseudis paradoxa ) can reach up to 27 centimetres (11 in), the longest of any frog, before shrinking to a mere snout-to-vent length of 3.4–7.6 cm (1.3–3.0 in). While most anuran tadpoles inhabit wetlands , ponds , vernal pools , and other small bodies of water with slow moving water, a few species are adapted to different environments. Some frogs have terrestrial tadpoles, such as

1440-413: The rocky areas and stumps and also sandy bottoms of lakes and reservoirs. It can also survive in a stronger current than other black bass. The smallmouth prefers cooler water temperatures than its cousin the largemouth bass , and as a result will often seek out deeper, faster moving water during the hot summer months. Because it is intolerant of pollution , the smallmouth bass is a good natural indicator of

1480-412: The smallmouth bass as "ounce for ounce and pound for pound the gamest fish that swims". Smallmouth bass are not usually taken for the table, but rather are caught and released by most anglers. However, smaller specimens in cooler water often have higher quality filets of white, firm flesh when cooked. The current all-tackle world record for a smallmouth bass is 11 lb 15 oz, caught by David Hayes in

1520-410: The smallmouth bass' ctenoid scales range from golden-olive to dark brown dorsally which fades to a yellowish white ventrally with dark brown vertical bars or blotches along the body and dark brown horizontal bars on the head. The combination of the muscular fusiform body shape and camouflage like coloring make these fish highly effective ambush predators. The coloration can vary greatly depending on

1560-488: The time they spend protecting the nest. Male midwife toads ( Alytes ) will carry eggs between their legs to protect them from predators, eventually releasing them into a body of water when they are ready to hatch. Poison dart frogs ( Dendrobatidae ) will carry their tadpoles to various locations, usually phytotelma , where they remain until metamorphosis. Some female dart frogs such as the strawberry poison dart frog ( Oophaga pumilio ) will regularly lay unfertilized eggs for

1600-577: The water temperature drops below 15 C (60 F), smallmouth will often migrate in search of deeper pools in which they enter a semi-hibernation state, moving sluggishly and feeding very little until the warm season returns. The migration patterns of smallmouth have been tracked and it is not unusual for a smallmouth to travel 12 miles in a single day in a stream, creek or river. The overall migration can exceed 60 miles. Smallmouth generally begin spawning patterns in spring or early summer when water temperatures are between 15–18 °C (59.0–64.4 °F), which

#844155