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61-688: Lake Albert or Albert Lake may refer to: Lake Albert (Africa) , one of the African Great Lakes Lake Albert (South Australia) , a lake Lake Albert, South Australia (locality) , a locality Lake Albert, New South Wales , a suburb of Wagga Wagga, New South Wales Lake Albert (New South Wales) , a lake located in the suburb of the same name Albert Park and Lake , Victoria, Australia Albert Lake, Blue Earth County, Minnesota , United States Albert Lake (Douglas County, Minnesota) Lake Albert (Kingsbury County, South Dakota) ,

122-637: A boat capsized en route from Uganda to Congo. The passengers were concerned about travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa . The Kibiro settlement on Lake Albert has cultural and archeological significance. [REDACTED]   Category: Lake Albert (Africa) Lake Malawi Lake Malawi , also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique , ( Swahili : Ziwa Nyasa )

183-496: A considerably older lake with a basin that started to form about 8.6 mya and deep-water condition first appeared 4.5 mya. The water levels have varied dramatically over time, ranging from almost 600 m (2,000 ft) below current level to 10–20 m (33–66 ft) above. During periods the lake dried out almost completely, leaving only one or two relatively small, highly alkaline and saline lakes in what currently are Malawi's deepest parts. A water chemistry resembling

244-454: A depth of 528 m (1,732 ft). The southern half of the lake is shallower; less than 400 m (1,300 ft) in the south-central part and less than 200 m (660 ft) in the far south. The lake has shorelines on western Mozambique , eastern Malawi , and southern Tanzania . The largest river flowing into it is the Ruhuhu River , and there is an outlet at its southern end,

305-417: A few hundred metres long. 1. Diplotaxodon , one of the very few cichlid genera that occurs offshore in relatively deep water. 2. Nimbochromis livingstonii is a piscivorous hap that is famous for playing dead to lure prey close. 3. As typical of utaka , Copadichromis azureus has bright blue males (shown) and duller females that are silvery with dark spots. 4. Aulonocara stuartgranti

366-575: A few hundred years ago. The Malawi haplochromines are mouthbrooders , but otherwise vary extensively in general behaviour and ecology. Within the Malawi haplochromines there are two main groups, the haps and the mbuna . The haps (they were formerly included in Haplochromis ) can be further subdivided into three subgroups: The relatively large, often more than 20 cm (8 in) long, and aggressive piscivores that roam various habitats in pursuit of prey,

427-458: A lake in Kingsbury County, South Dakota, U.S. near Badger See also [ edit ] Lake Abert , in the U.S. state of Oregon, previous higher stand called Lake Cheuwaukan [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

488-648: A manner comparable to the egg-spots on the anal fin of haplochromines. The vast majority of the fish species in the lake are cichlids. Among the non-cichlid native fish are several species of cyprinids (in genera Barbus , Labeo and Opsaridium , and the Lake Malawi sardine Engraulicypris sardella ), airbreathing catfish ( Bathyclarias and Clarias , and the kampango Bagrus meridionalis ), mochokid catfish ( Chiloglanis and Malawi squeaker Synodontis njassae ), Mastacembelus spiny eel, mormyrids ( Marcusenius , Mormyrops and Petrocephalus ),

549-425: A significant population of African fish eagles that feed off fish from the lake. Lake Malawi has for millennia provided a major food source to the residents of its shores since its waters are rich in fish. Among the most popular are the four species of chambo, consisting of any one of four species in the subgenus Nyasalapia ( Oreochromis karongae , O. lidole , O. saka and O. squamipinnis ), as well as

610-421: Is alkaline ( pH 7.7–8.6) and warm with a typical surface temperature between 24 and 29 °C (75–84 °F), while deep sections typically are about 22 °C (72 °F). The thermocline is located at a depth of 40–100 m (130–330 ft). The oxygen limit is at a depth of approximately 250 m (820 ft), effectively restricting fish and other aerobic organisms to the upper part. The water

671-523: Is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi , Mozambique and Tanzania. It is the fourth largest freshwater lake in the world by volume, the ninth largest lake in the world by area and the third largest and second deepest lake in Africa. Lake Malawi is home to more species of fish than any other lake in the world, including at least 700 species of cichlids . The Mozambique portion of

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732-415: Is between 560 kilometres (350 mi) and 580 kilometres (360 mi) long, and about 75 kilometres (47 mi) wide at its widest point. The lake has a total surface area of about 29,600 square kilometres (11,400 sq mi). The lake is 706 m (2,316 ft) at its deepest point , located in a major depression in the north-central part. Another smaller depression in the far north reaches

793-469: Is located at the southern end of the lake. Malawi is one of the major Rift Valley lakes and an ancient lake . The lake lies in a valley formed by the opening of the East African Rift , where the African tectonic plate is being split into two pieces. This is called a divergent plate tectonics boundary. Malawi has typically been estimated to be 1–2 million years old (mya), but more recent evidence points to

854-583: Is not found in the lake. Pelagic zooplanktonic species include two cladocerans ( Diaphanosoma excisum and Bosmina longirostris ), three copepods ( Tropodiaptomus cunningtoni , Thermocyclops neglectus and Mesocyclops aequatorialis ), and several ostracods (including both described and undescribed species ). Lake Malawi is famous for the huge swarms of tiny, harmless lake flies, Chaoborus edulis . These swarms, typically appearing far out over water, can be mistaken for plumes of smoke and were also noticed by David Livingstone when he visited

915-570: Is part of a group of relatively peaceful species popularly known as peacock cichlids . 5. Fossorochromis rostratus is an "aberrant" hap that often sifts mouthfuls of sand to extract small food organisms. 6. Like many mbuna , Pseudotropheus saulosi is a small cichlid where both male (blue and black) and female (yellow) are colorful. Lake Malawi is noted for being the site of evolutionary radiations among several groups of animals, most notably cichlid fish. There are at least 700 cichlid species in Lake Malawi, with some estimating that

976-696: Is part of the complicated system of the upper Nile . Its main sources are the White Nile , ultimately coming from Lake Victoria to the southeast, and the Semliki River , which issues from Lake Edward to the southwest. The water of the Victoria Nile is much less saline than that of Lake Albert. The lake's outlet, at its northernmost tip, is the Albert Nile section of the White Nile. The river later becomes known as

1037-661: Is relatively stable throughout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), and even its deeper sections contain oxygen. The water has a pH of around or just below 9 and an electric conductivity of around 720–780 μS/cm. These are both very high for a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower than Lake Edward. Lake Albert is home to many aquatic and semi-aquatic animals like hippopotamuses , Uganda kob antelopes, Nile crocodiles , Nile monitors , African softshell turtles , Central African mud turtles , Williams' mud turtles , various semi-aquatic snakes and various frogs. Water birds are numerous and include pelicans , herons and

1098-524: Is under dispute. Tanzania claims that the international border runs through the middle of the lake. On the other hand, Malawi claims the whole of the surface of this lake that is not in Mozambique, including the waters that are next to the shoreline of Tanzania. Both sides cite the Heligoland Treaty of 1890 between Great Britain and Germany concerning the border. The wrangle in this dispute occurred when

1159-442: Is very clear for a lake and the visibility can be up to 20 m (66 ft), but slightly less than half this figure is more common and it is below 3 m (10 ft) in muddy bays. However, during the rainy season months of January to March, the waters are more muddy due to muddy river inflows. The Portuguese trader Candido José da Costa Cardoso was the first European to visit the lake in 1846. David Livingstone reached

1220-567: The Alur as well as other peoples who have inhabited the region for centuries before the colonial age . This name means ‘locust killer’, from omwita ‘killer’ and enzige ‘locusts’ in the Runyoro language, and 'The Lake that has defeated the locusts' in the Alur language, from Nam , 'Lake', Ovoyo , 'has defeated', Bonyo , 'Locusts'. This is due to a local legend that tells how a plague of locusts had destroyed

1281-451: The African tetra Brycinus imberi , the poeciliid Aplocheilichthys johnstoni , the spotted killifish ( Nothobranchius orthonotus ), and the mottled eel ( Anguilla nebulosa ). At a genus level, most of these are widespread in Africa, but Bathyclarias is entirely restricted to the lake. Lake Malawi is home to 28 species of freshwater snails (including 16 endemics) and 9 bivalves (2 endemics, Aspatharia subreniformis and

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1342-676: The Hermann von Wissmann in a bay near Sphinxhaven , in German East African territorial waters. Gwendolen disabled the German boat with a single cannon shot from a range of about 1,800 metres (2,000 yd). This brief conflict was hailed by The Times in England as the British Empire's first naval victory of World War I. The partition of the lake's surface area between Malawi and Tanzania

1403-573: The Mountain Nile when its course enters South Sudan . At the southern end of the lake, where the Semliki comes in, there are swamps . The Rwenzori Mountains are to the south of the lake and to the northwest, the Blue Mountains . The few settlements along the shore include Butiaba and Pakwach . Unlike the very deep Lake Malawi , Lake Tanganyika and Lake Kivu , Lake Albert's water temperature

1464-580: The Nile tilapia , Niger barb , Albert lates , electric catfish and giraffe catfish that are caught by standard fishing methods, and the small Brycinus nurse and Engraulicypris bredoi that mainly are caught by light fishing . As much as 30% of the fish production in Uganda is from Lake Albert. Lake Albert has fewer endemics than the other African Great Lakes . Although the Albert Nile–the section of

1525-563: The Shire River , a tributary that flows into the Zambezi River in Mozambique. Evaporation accounts for more than 80% of the water loss from the lake, considerably more than the outflowing Shire River. The outflows from Lake Malawi into the Shire River are vital for the economy as the water resources support hydropower, irrigation and downstream biodiversity. Concerns have been raised over

1586-489: The unionid Nyassunio nyassaensis ). The endemic freshwater snails are all members of the genera Bellamya , Bulinus , Gabbiella , Lanistes and Melanoides . Lake Malawi is home to a total of four snail species in the genus Bulinus , which is a known intermediate host of bilharzia . A survey in Monkey Bay in 1964 found two endemic species of snails of the genus ( B. nyassanus and B. succinoides ) in

1647-773: The British and are now part of Malawi. MV  Chauncy Maples began service on the lake in 1901 as the SS Chauncy Maples : a floating clinic and church for the Universities' Mission to Central Africa . She later served as a ferry and is currently being renovated into a mobile clinic at Monkey Bay . The renovation was expected to be complete during the first half of 2014, but was halted in 2017. MV  Mpasa entered service in 1935. The ferry MV  Ilala entered service in 1951. In recent years she has often been out of service, but when operational she runs between Monkey Bay at

1708-484: The British colonial government, just after they had captured Tanganyika from Germany, placed all of the waters of the lake under a single jurisdiction, that of the territory of Nyasaland , without a separate administration for the Tanganyikan portion of the surface. Later in colonial times, two jurisdictions were established. The dispute came to a head in 1967 when Tanzania officially protested to Malawi; however nothing

1769-529: The Lake Albert basin, with estimates that the multi-billion barrel field will prove to be the largest onshore field found in sub-Saharan Africa for more than twenty years. In March 2014, a boat carrying Congolese refugees capsized in Lake Albert , killing more than 250 people. On 26 December 2016, a boat carrying 45 members and fans of a local village football team capsized in Lake Albert killing at least 30 people. On 24 December 2020, thirty people died when

1830-649: The Lake of Storms. On 16 August 1914, Lake Malawi was the scene of a brief naval battle during World War I . The British gunboat SS  Gwendolen , commanded by a Captain Rhoades, received orders from the British Empire's high command to "sink, burn, or destroy" the German Empire's only gunboat on the lake, the Hermann von Wissmann , commanded by Captain Berndt. Rhoades's crew found

1891-589: The Malawi system, which also includes nearby smaller Lake Malombe and the upper Shire River. Many of these have become popular among aquarium owners due to their bright colors. Recreating a Lake Malawi biotope to host cichlids became quite popular in the aquarium hobby. Most Malawi cichlids are found in relatively shallow coastal waters, but Diplotaxodon has been recorded down to depths of 200–220 m (660–720 ft) and several (especially Diplotaxodon , Rhamphochromis and Copadichromis quadrimaculatus ) are known from pelagic waters. The cichlids of

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1952-671: The Nile ( H. loati and Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor ). In comparison, most of the more than 60 haplochromines in Lake Edward–George and most of the roughly 600 haplochromines in Lake Victoria–Kyoga are endemic. The only other endemic fish species in Lake Albert are the small cyprinid Engraulicypris bredoi and the endangered Albert lates. Lake Albert is still known as Mwitanzige by the Banyoro and Batooro , and Nam Ovoyo Bonyo by

2013-564: The Nile that leaves Lake Albert—has several rapids in the Nimule region, these have not effectively isolated the lake from the main Nile sections. In contrast, Lake Edward (and ultimately Lake George ) is effectively isolated from Lake Albert by the rapids on the Semliki River, while Lake Kyoga (and ultimately Lake Victoria) is effectively isolated from Lake Albert by the Murchison Falls on

2074-402: The Victoria Nile. As a consequence, most of Lake Albert's fish are widespread riverine species also found in the main Nile sections. There are few haplochromine cichlids; a group that is very diverse in other Rift Valley lakes. Of the six haplochromines in Lake Albert, four are endemic ( Haplochromis albertianus , H. avium , H. bullatus and H. mahagiensis ) and two are also found in

2135-416: The actual figure is as high as 1,000 species. The actual number is labelled with some uncertainty because of the many undescribed species and the extreme variation among some species, making the task of delimiting them very complex. Except for four species ( Astatotilapia calliptera , Coptodon rendalli , Oreochromis shiranus and Serranochromis robustus ), all cichlids in the lake are endemic to

2196-520: The adults die. The larvae are an important food source for fish, and the adult flies are important both to birds and local people, who collect them to make kungu cakes/burgers, a local delicacy with a very high protein content. In January 2015, a sediment control tank collapsed at the Paladin Energy -owned uranium mine in Northern Malawi after a high intensity rain storm hit the area. It

2257-432: The bilharzia parasite. Unlike Lake Tanganyika with its many endemic freshwater crabs and shrimp, there are few such species in Lake Malawi. The Malawi blue crab, Potamonautes lirrangensis ( syn. P. orbitospinus ), is the only crab in the lake and it is not endemic. The atyid shrimp Caridina malawensis is endemic to the lake, but it is poorly known and has historically been confused with C. nilotica , which

2318-587: The border between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo . It is the northernmost of the chain of lakes in the Albertine Rift , the western branch of the East African Rift . It is about 160 kilometres (99 mi) long and 30 kilometres (19 mi) across at its widest, with a maximum depth of 51 metres (167 ft), and a surface elevation of 619 metres (2,031 ft) above sea level. Lake Albert

2379-480: The closely related O. shiranus . Other species that support important fisheries include the Lake Malawi sardine ( Engraulicypris sardella ) and the large kampango catfish ( Bagrus meridionalis ). Most fishing provides food for the increasing human population near the lake, but some are exported from Malawi. The wild population of fish is increasingly threatened by overfishing and water pollution . A drop in

2440-456: The crops of the people who were living on the eastern shore of the lake, but when they tried to cross to the other side they never got there. In 1864, the explorers Samuel Baker and Flóra von Sass found the lake and renamed it after the recently deceased Prince Albert , consort of Queen Victoria . In the 20th century, Zairian President Mobutu Sese Seko temporarily named the lake after himself. European colonialists operated shipping on

2501-458: The current conditions only appeared about 60,000 years ago. Major low-water periods are estimated to have occurred about 1.6 to 1.0–0.57 million years ago (where it might have dried out completely), 420,000 to 250,000–110,000 years ago, about 25,000 years ago and 18,000–10,700 years ago. During the peak of the low-water period between 1390 and 1860 AD , it may have been 120–150 m (390–490 ft) below current water levels. The lake's water

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2562-482: The future climate change impacts of Lake Malawi due to the recent decline in lake levels and the overall drying trend. The climate in the lake region is already experiencing changes, with the temperatures predicted to increase throughout the country. The lake is about 350 kilometres (220 mi) southeast of Lake Tanganyika , another of the great lakes of the East African Rift. The Lake Malawi National Park

2623-499: The lake are divided into two groups and the vast majority of the species are haplochromines . The sister species to the Malawi haplochromines is Astatotilapia sp. Ruaha (a currently undescribed species from Great Ruaha River ), and these two separated between 2.13 and 6.76 million years ago (mya). The earliest divergence within the Malawi haplochromines occurred between 1.20 and 4.06 mya, but most radiations in this group are far younger; in extreme cases species may have diverged only

2684-430: The lake in 1859, and named it Lake Nyasa. He also referred to it by a pair of nicknames: Lake of Stars and Lake of Storms. The Lake of Stars nickname came after Livingstone observed lights from the lanterns of the fishermen in Malawi on their boats, that resemble, from a distance, stars in the sky. Later, after experiencing the unpredictable and extremely violent gales that sweep through the area, he also referred to it as

2745-543: The lake was officially declared a reserve by the Government of Mozambique on June 10, 2011, while in Malawi a portion of the lake is included in Lake Malawi National Park . Lake Malawi is a meromictic lake , meaning that its water layers do not mix. The permanent stratification of Lake Malawi's water and the oxic- anoxic boundary are maintained by moderately small chemical and thermal gradients . Lake Malawi

2806-569: The lake's water level represents another threat, and is believed to be driven by water extraction by the increasing human population, climate change and deforestation . The chambo and kampango have been particularly overfished (the kampango declined by about 90% from 2006 to 2016, O. karongae and O. squamipinnis by about 94%, and O. lidole might already be extinct ) and they are now seriously threatened . The IUCN recognises 117 species of Malawi cichlids as threatened; some of these have tiny ranges and may be restricted to rocky coastlines only

2867-491: The lake, and two non-endemic species ( B. globosus and B. forskalli ) in lagoons separated from it. The latter species are known intermediate hosts of bilharzia, and larvae of the parasite were detected in water containing these, but in experiments C. Wright of the British Museum of Natural History was unable to infect the two species endemic to the lake with the parasites. The field workers, who spent many hours on and in

2928-401: The lake, did not find either B. globosus or B. forskalli in the lake itself. More recently, the disease has become a problem in the lake itself as the endemic B. nyassanus has become an intermediate host. This change, first noticed in the mid-1980s, is possibly related to a decline in snail-eating cichlids (for example, Trematocranus placodon ) due to overfishing and/or a new strain of

2989-411: The lake. The aquatic larvae feed on zooplankton, spending the day at the bottom and the night in the upper water levels. When they pupate they float to the surface and transform into adult flies. The adults are very short-lived and the swarms, which can be several hundred metres tall and often have a spiraling shape, are part of their mating behaviour. They lay their eggs at the water's surface and

3050-536: The lake. The British planned shipping on Lake Albert as part of a network of railway, river steamer and lake steamer services linking British interests in Egypt, east Africa and southern Africa. The John I. Thornycroft & Company shipyard at Woolston, Hampshire built the cargo and passenger ship SS  Robert Coryndon for this purpose in 1930. She was named after the British Army officer Robert Thorne Coryndon, who

3111-409: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake_Albert&oldid=996341831 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Lake Albert (Africa) Lake Albert is located on

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3172-516: The mbuna, a name used both locally and popularly, which means "rockfish" in Tonga . They are found at rocky outcrops, territorially aggressive (although commonly found in high densities) and often specialised aufwuchs feeders. The mbuna species tend to be relatively small, mostly less than 13 cm (5 in) long, and often both sexes are brightly colored with males having egg-shaped yellow spots on their anal fin (a feature particularly prevalent in

3233-460: The mbuna, but not exclusive to this group). The second group, the tilapia , comprises only six species in two genera in Lake Malawi: The redbreast tilapia ( Coptodon rendalli ), a widespread African species, is the only substrate-spawning cichlid in the lake. This large cichlid mainly feeds on macrophytes . The remaining are five mouthbrooding species of Oreochromis ; four chambo in

3294-509: The open-water (although often not far from sand or rocks) utaka that feed in schools on zooplankton and typically are of medium size, and finally a subgroup of "aberrant" species that essentially are defined by them not fitting clearly into the other subgroups. Adult male haps generally display bright colors, while juveniles of both sexes and adult females typically show a silvery or grey coloration with sometimes irregular black bars or other markings. The second main haplochromine group are

3355-461: The rare shoebill . There are 55 fish species in Lake Albert. Except for Nile crocodiles, the largest predator in the lake is the Nile perch (native; unlike in other Rift Valley lakes where introduced and invasive ). Other large predatory fish include the elongate tigerfish , African tigerfish , marbled lungfish , cornish jack , Bagrus docmak , African sharptooth catfish and vundu catfish. In addition, there are important fisheries for

3416-480: The southern end of the lake to Karonga on the northern end, and occasionally to the Iringa Region of Tanzania. The ferry MV  Mtendere entered service in 1980. By 1982 she was carrying 100,000 passengers each year., but as of 2014 she was out of service. She normally serves the southern part of the lake but if Ilala was out of service she operated the route to Karonga. The Tanzanian ferry MV  Songea

3477-577: The subgenus Nyasalapia ( O. karongae , O. lidole , O. saka and O. squamipinnis ) that are endemic to the Lake Malawi system, as well as the closely related O. shiranus , which also is found in Lake Chilwa . The Malawi Oreochromis mainly feed on phytoplankton , reach lengths up to 26–42 cm (10–17 in) depending on the exact species, and are mostly black or silvery-gray with relatively indistinct dark bars. Male chambo have unique genital tassels when breeding, which aid in egg fertilisation in

3538-663: Was built in 1988. Her operator was the Tanzania Railway Corporation Marine Division until 1997, when it became the Marine Services Company Limited . Songea plies weekly between Liuli and Nkhata Bay via Itungi and Mbamba Bay . The worst Lake disaster was the sinking of the MV ; Vipya in 1946, which resulted in 145 deaths. Wildlife found in and around Lake Malawi or Nyasa includes Nile crocodiles , hippopotamus , monkeys , and

3599-400: Was governor of Uganda 1918–22. Winston Churchill described the ship as "the best library afloat" and Ernest Hemingway called her "magnificence on water" . She either was scuttled in 1962 or sank in 1964. She remains unsalvaged and partly submerged in the lake at Butyaba landing site. These can still be seen to date. Heritage Oil and Tullow Oil have announced major oil finds in

3660-1269: Was revealed that approximately 50 litres of non radioactive material leaked into a local creek. Despite reports in local media of radioactive contamination the government conducted independent scientific tests on the local river system and found that there was no effect on the environment. The 25 km solo swim across Lake Malawi between Cape Ngomba and Senga Bay has been accomplished on 5 occasions by 16 swimmers 1992: Lewis Pugh 9hrs 52 minutes (UK/South Africa) and Otto Thanning (South Africa) 10hrs 5 minutes 2010: Abigail Brown (UK) 9hrs 45 minutes 2013: Milko van Gool (Netherlands) 8hrs 46 minutes and Kaitlin Harthoorn (US) 9hrs 17 minutes 2016: (current record) Jean Craven (South Africa), Robert Dunford (Kenya), Michiel Le Roux (South Africa), Samantha Whelpton (South Africa), Greig Bannatyne (South Africa), Haydn Von Maltitz (South Africa), Douglas Livingstone-Blevins (South Africa) 7hrs 53 mins 2019: Chris Stapley ( Eswatini ) and Jay Azran (South Africa) 8hrs 40 minutes, Andrew Stevens ( Australia ) 10hrs 50 minutes, and Ruth Azran (South Africa) 11hrs 8 minutes. That same year, Martin Hobbs (South Africa), became

3721-558: Was settled. Occasional flare-ups of conflict occurred during the 1990s and in the 21st century. In 2012, Malawi's oil exploration initiative brought the issue to the fore, with Tanzania demanding that exploration cease until the dispute was settled. In 1954, an agreement was signed between the British and the Portuguese making the middle of the lake their boundary with the exception of Chizumulu Island and Likoma Island , which were kept by

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