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50-470: It is not an elected office. Lady is used here as a title of respect. The lady mayoress accompanies the lord mayor to many events and in the past may also carry out engagements on her own. As an example, the Leeds Children's Charity states that "it has been the right of every new lady mayoress to become the president of the charity". The lady mayoress was traditionally the wife of a male lord mayor. In

100-449: A female equivalent to princes or earls or other royals or nobles. Aside from the queen, women of royal and noble status simply carried the title of "Lady". As a title of nobility, the uses of "lady" in Britain are parallel to those of "lord". It is thus a less formal alternative to the full title giving the specific rank, of marchioness , countess , viscountess or baroness , whether as

150-455: A formal and respectful quality, being used to describe an elderly woman as "an old lady" or when speaking about a woman to a child (e.g. "Give the money to the lady.") It remains in use as a counterpart to "gentleman", in the plural phrase " ladies and gentlemen ", and is generally interchangeable (in a strictly informal sense) with "woman" (as in, "The lady at the store said I could return this item within thirty days"). However, some women, since

200-498: A household" is now mostly obsolete, save for the term " landlady " and in set phrases such as "the lady of the house". This meaning is retained in the southern states of the United States . In some contexts "lady" is synonymous with the old-fashioned word " gentlewoman ", meaning someone of high social status by birth and upbringing, but not necessarily titled. The term is also used in titles such as first lady and lady mayoress ,

250-472: A non- monarchical head of state or chief executive . The term is also used to describe a person seen to be at the top of her profession or art. The title has also been used for the spouse of a head of government who is not also head of state. It has also been used to refer to the spouses of the leaders of administrative divisions within a country. The title is often used for the wives of Christian pastors in denominations where married clergy are

300-437: A post-patriarchal society, a female mayor can choose any lady mayoress. Some mayors have chosen their daughter, mother, or another female relative. A male companion for a female mayor may be given the title of lord mayor's consort. When Jessie Beatrice Kitson was the first female lord mayor of Leeds , West Yorkshire, England in 1942–1943, she chose her friend Elinor Gertrude Lupton as her lady mayoress. When Bernard Atha

350-489: A regular basis during their time in the position was Harriet Lane , who was actually James Buchanan 's niece, as Buchanan was a lifelong bachelor. The male equivalent of the title in countries where the head of state's spouse has been a man, such as the Philippines or Malta , is first gentleman . In 2020, Doug Emhoff , spouse of VP Kamala Harris , became the first male spouse of a U.S. vice president. " First gentleman "

400-445: A term of address in the plural, which is also the case for " gentleman ". The singular vocative use (i.e. to address someone directly) was once common but has become mostly confined to poetry. In some dialects it may still be used to address an unknown woman in a brusque manner, often in an imperative or interrogatory context, analogous to " mister " for an unknown male: e.g., "Hey, lady, you aren't allowed in here!" In this usage,

450-406: A term of endearment, who have proven themselves to be of exceptional talent or unique notoriety in non-political areas. The phrase is often, but not always, used when the person in question is either the wife or "female equivalent" of a well-known man (or men) in a similar field. For example, the term has been applied in the entertainment field to denote the "first lady of television" ( Lucille Ball ),

500-550: A woman is elected to the office of lord mayor, there is usually no lady mayoress. Although, during part of the time in office as lord mayor of Brisbane of Sallyanne Atkinson , her mother served as lady mayoress. Atkinson's husband had served for a time as the president of the City of Brisbane Benefit Fund, a social and charitable organisation associated with the Brisbane City Council . This article related to government in

550-577: Is not used as the counterpart of "gentleman". It is suggested by academic Elizabeth Reid Boyd that feminist usage of the word "lady" has been reclaimed in the 21st century. Formally, "Lady" is the female counterpart to higher ranks in society , from gentlemen, through knights, to peers of the realm. During the Middle Ages , princesses or daughters of the blood royal were usually known by their first names with "Lady" prefixed, e.g. The Lady Elizabeth ; since Old English and Middle English did not have

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600-467: Is recognized as a spousal first lady by way of her husband's presidency following Jefferson. Andrew Jackson 's wife, Rachel Jackson , died before Jackson's presidency. Jackson's niece, Emily Donelson , carried out the duties of first lady until her death, and Jackson's daughter-in-law, Sarah Jackson , presided over the White House during the final months of Jackson's presidency. Both are recognized by

650-525: Is sometimes used by a healthcare receptionist when booking an appointment at a group practice health centre so that the situation is clear to the patient. It is still used in some other occupations, to give dignity and express respect to less skilled work such as tea ladies in offices and hospitals, lunch ladies (or dinner ladies) in school canteens, cleaning ladies in private homes and in business premises, and healthcare ladies for female healthcare assistants . Both British and American commentators noted

700-581: Is used before the family name or peerage of a woman with a title of nobility or honorary title suo jure (in her own right), such as female members of the Order of the Garter and Order of the Thistle , or the wife of a lord, a baronet , Scottish feudal baron , laird , or a knight , and also before the first name of the daughter of a duke , marquess , or earl . The word comes from Old English hlǣfdige ;

750-407: Is used in the United States for the male spouse of a mayor or governor . First spouse and first partner , both rare variations of the title, can be used in either case where the spouse of a political leader is of any gender. This term is used to promote gender equality and gender neutrality . In the United States, collectively, the president of the United States and his spouse are known as

800-565: The Asantehene of the Ashanti people is known as Lady Julia Osei Tutu . In Nigeria, the Yoruba aristocrats Kofoworola, Lady Ademola and Oyinkansola, Lady Abayomi made use of the title due to their being the wives of British knights. First Lady First Lady or First Gentleman is an unofficial title usually used for the spouse, and occasionally used for the offspring or other relative, of

850-500: The First Ladies National Historic Site as being first ladies, despite the White House website recognizing Jackson's wife as first lady. James Buchanan was a lifelong bachelor. During his time in office, his niece, Harriet Lane , served as "hostess". She is recognized as having acted in the capacity of a contemporary first lady during her uncle's time in office, and is listed among other spousal first ladies on

900-635: The White House website. Jared Polis , who was elected as governor in 2018, is openly gay, and was in a long-term relationship with his partner, Marlon Reis , at the time of his election. Reis was referred to as "first man" by Polis during a speech on the night of his election, and members of Polis' campaign said that Reis will take on the title of "first gentleman". The pair subsequently married in 2021. Not all non-married partners of Colorado governors are called first lady or first gentleman, as Robin Pringle

950-631: The first couple and, if they have children, they are usually referred to as the first family . French -speaking countries have used the term première dame for first ladies, regardless of where the first lady is from. At least one article, published in 2017, used the term premier monsieur for first gentleman. For that particular article, it was used to discuss the possibility of Louis Aliot becoming first gentleman, should his domestic partner, Marine Le Pen , win that year's presidential election . Emmanuel Macron defeated Le Pen in that year's election. Portuguese -speaking countries have used

1000-422: The husband's given and family names, e.g. Lady John Smith . However, she may not use "Lady" prefixed to her husband's surname alone. Neither may she use the title prefixed to her own given name unless entitled to do so by her own birth as the daughter of an earl, marquess or duke. The daughters of dukes, marquesses and earls are by courtesy "ladies"; here, that title is prefixed to the given and family name of

1050-465: The "first lady of song" ( Ella Fitzgerald ), the "first lady of country music" ( Tammy Wynette , although Loretta Lynn was also known by the title), the "first lady of Star Trek " (actor/producer Majel Barrett ), the "first lady of American soul " ( Aretha Franklin ), the "first lady of the Grand Ole Opry " ( Loretta Lynn ), "the first lady of American cinema" ( Lillian Gish ), the "first lady of

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1100-568: The American stage" ( Helen Hayes ), and "the first lady of ( American ) football" ( Norma Hunt ). The term has also been used to refer to wives of college and university presidents in some cases. The term "first lady" is also used to denote a woman who occupies the foremost social position within a particular locality, in this sense being particularly popular in Africa , where the pre-eminent female noble in some chieftaincy hierarchies, such as those of

1150-567: The United Kingdom . Her husband was later created a baronet, thus making her "Lady Thatcher" as of right. After she retired, she was given a barony as Baroness Thatcher, of Kesteven in the County of Lincolnshire, and was thereafter known as "The Lady Thatcher". Elsewhere in the Commonwealth , the word is used in a similar fashion to aristocratic usage in Britain. In Ghana, for example, the consort of

1200-423: The United Kingdom or its constituent countries is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Lady Lady is a term for a woman who behaves in a polite way. Once used to describe only women of a high social class or status, the female counterpart of lord , now it may refer to any adult woman, as gentleman can be used for men. "Lady" is also a formal title in the United Kingdom . "Lady"

1250-551: The country's government. The term "first lady" has also been used by the government in English language news releases. While some first ladies, like Maryna Poroshenko and Olena Zelenska , have played a role in social activism, other first ladies, like Lyudmila Yanukovych, have rarely taken part in public roles. The wife of the president of Armenia has been referred to as "Հայաստանի Առաջին տիկին" ( Hayastani Arrajin tikin ). The term "first lady" has also been used. The spouse of

1300-537: The current president, however, is only referred to as "հանրապետության նախագահի տիկին" ( hanrapetut'yan nakhagahi tikin ), or "wife of the president of Armenia". The term ibu negara (lady/mother of the state) is used for wife of the president of Indonesia . The term is also used to refer to first ladies of other countries. Before the 1979 revolution there was the queen Shahbano. There is no office of first lady or first female (or madam بانوی اول Banuye Aval). September 2023 Iranian wife of president denied news of being

1350-536: The divorce of her father Alberto Fujimori and her mother Susana Higuchi . Thomas Jefferson was a widower by the time he took office as president , and his daughter, Martha Jefferson Randolph , who served as the lady of the president's house on occasion, has been recognized by the First Ladies National Historic Site as being a first lady, even though the White House website recognizes her mother, Martha Jefferson , as first lady. While Dolley Madison also served as hostess and Jefferson's escort on occasion, she

1400-405: The ex-wife becomes Jane, Lady Smith until either her own death or until she remarries. Female members of the Order of the Garter and Order of the Thistle who do not hold a higher style also receive the prefix of "Lady"; here that title is prefixed to the given and family name of the lady, e.g. Lady Marion Fraser , LT , with the post nominal LG or LT, respectively, and this is preserved if

1450-413: The first female prime minister of Australia on June 24, 2010, some news media referred to her partner , Tim Mathieson , as the "first bloke ". The Australian Government has referred to Mathieson as Gillard's partner, and has also recognized him as a prime ministerial spouse. Evo Morales , the former president of Bolivia , is single, so during his presidency his sister, Esther Morales , fulfilled

1500-628: The first lady and said that actually wife of Supreme leader of the revolution is the first lady. Minister of Foreign relations also said the same thing. The wife of Supreme leader is remaining hidden there is no image from her. In Japan , the term Naikaku Souri Daijin Fujin (内閣総理大臣夫人, literally "the wife of the Minister of the Comprehensive Administration of the Cabinet") is the title used for

1550-451: The first part of the word is a mutated form of hlāf , "loaf, bread ", also seen in the corresponding hlāford , "lord". The second part is usually taken to be from the root dig- , "to knead", seen also in dough ; the sense development from bread-kneader, or bread-maker, or bread-shaper, to the ordinary meaning, though not clearly to be traced historically, may be illustrated by that of "lord". The primary meaning of "mistress of

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1600-458: The incident, White assured his readers, his papers referred to human females as "women", with the exception of police court characters, who were all "ladies". The British historian Nancy Mitford wrote an influential essay in 1954, " U vs. non-U ", in which she noted the class distinctions : lower class women strongly preferred to be called "ladies", while those from higher social backgrounds were content to be identified as "women". Commenting on

1650-668: The lady marries. The special use of the word as a title of the Virgin Mary , usually Our Lady , represents the Latin Domina Nostra . In Lady Day and Lady Chapel , the word is properly a genitive , representing hlǣfdigan "of the Lady". The word is also used as a title of the Wiccan Goddess, The Lady . Margaret Thatcher was informally referred to in the same way by many of her political colleagues when Prime Minister of

1700-407: The lady, e.g. Lady Jane Smith , and this is preserved if the lady marries a commoner , e.g. Mr John and Lady Jane Smith . "Lady" is also the customary title of the wife of a baronet or knight , but in this case without Christian name: "Lady" with the surname of the husband only, Sir John and Lady Smith . When a woman divorces a knight and he marries again, the new wife will be Lady Smith while

1750-471: The norm. It has been noted that the earliest use of the term "first lady" is in reference to person of a high ranking or outstanding person in their field, and that the term, as used to describe the spouse of the president of the United States , saw its first documented use in 1838 in reference to Martha Washington , who was never referred to as such during George Washington 's time as president. The first person to have been referred to as "first lady" on

1800-472: The rise of second-wave feminism, have objected to the term used in contexts such as the last example, arguing that the term sounds patronising and outdated when used in this way; a man in the same context would not necessarily be referred to as a "gentleman". One feminist proponent of language reform , Robin Lakoff , in her book Language and Woman's Place (1975), notably raised the issue of the ways in which "lady"

1850-416: The role of first lady was filled by his then domestic partner, Celia Larkin . During the last five years of Park Chung Hee 's time as president, his daughter, Park Geun-hye , served as first lady following her mother, Yuk Young-soo 's death. She has been regarded as a de facto first lady of South Korea by some modern sources. Keiko Fujimori took over the duties of first lady at the age of 19, after

1900-419: The role of first lady. Irina Karamanos , the domestic partner and girlfriend of Gabriel Boric , accepted the title of first lady despite both Karamanos and Boric's initial opposition to the position's existence. Karamanos said that taking on the role would involve "adapting it to the times." During the first half of Bertie Ahern 's term as Taoiseach , he was separated from his wife Miriam (née Kelly) and

1950-429: The same way as the wife of a substantive peer, except that the definite article is not used. The title "Lady" is also used for a woman who is the wife of a Scottish feudal baron or laird , the title "Lady" preceding the name of the barony or lairdship. In the case of younger sons of a duke or marquess , who have the courtesy title "Lord" prefixed to their given and family name, the wife may use "Lady" prefixed to

2000-399: The shifting uses of "lady" in the mid-twentieth century. The American journalist William Allen White noted one of the difficulties in his 1946 autobiography. He relates that a woman who had paid a fine for prostitution came to his newspaper to protest, not against the fact that her conviction had been reported, but that the newspaper had referred to her as a "woman" rather than a "lady". After

2050-453: The spotlight, resulting in "invisible first ladies". As a result, low-profile first ladies remain common in post-Soviet countries, due to the leaders of those countries having grown up during the Soviet era. The wife of Mikhail Gorbachev , Raisa Gorbachev , has been referred to as a Soviet first lady. The wife of the country's president has been referred to as перша леді ( persha ledi ) by

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2100-417: The term primeira-dama or "Primeira Dama" for first ladies. The term is used regardless of where the person is from. The term primeiro-cavalheiro is used for first gentlemen. In Spanish -speaking countries , the term primera dama is used for first ladies, regardless of the country the person is from. The term primer caballero has been used for first gentlemen. Sinophone countries have used

2150-725: The term 第一夫人 ( dìyī fūrén ) as a term for first ladies, also without regards as to where the first lady is from. The term první dáma is used for wife of the president of the Czech Republic . The term pierwsza dama (literal meaning: "first lady") is used by the wife of the current president of Poland . Foreign press reports have referred to the wife of the Russian president as first lady. Russian first ladies have been less visible than their western counterparts due to historical reasons. It has been noted that Soviet leaders generally preferred to keep their wives and families out of

2200-483: The title of the husband's rank by right or courtesy, or as the lady's title in her own right. A peeress's title is used with the definite article : Lord Morris's wife is "the Lady Morris". A widow's title derived from her husband becomes the dowager , e.g. The Dowager Lady Smith . In the case of an heir apparent to a peerage using one of his father's subsidiary titles by courtesy, his wife uses his courtesy title in

2250-463: The wife of the prime minister of Japan . Currently, the spouse of the President of Vietnam is called phu nhân chủ tịch nước ( lit : wife of the state president). The term đệ nhất phu nhân (lit: first lady) is also unofficially used by the press and on social media. In some situations, the title is bestowed upon a non-spouse. Following the leadership spill which installed Julia Gillard as

2300-536: The wives of elected or appointed officials. In many European languages the equivalent term serves as a general form of address equivalent to the English Mrs ( French Madame , Spanish Señora , Italian Signora , German Frau , Polish Pani , etc.). In those languages it is correct to address a woman whose name is unknown as Madame , Señora , etc., but in polite English usage "lady" has for centuries only normally been

2350-617: The word "lady" is very seldom capitalized when written. The usual English term for politely addressing a woman is madam or its abbreviation ma'am . In English, relatively few job titles are un-gendered . Some names for jobs are gender-neutral, e.g. mail carrier (postal worker), but where there is a common word with a -man suffix, sometimes -lady may be used as an equivalent, e.g. postman and (sometimes) postlady. Using "lady" in professional job titles which had previously been male preserves fell out of favour with second-wave feminism (lady doctor, lady engineer, lady judge), though lady doctor

2400-456: The word in 1953, C. S. Lewis wrote that "the guard at Holloway said it was a ladies' prison!" The term "a bag lady" ( vagabond ) is a euphemism for a woman who has fallen on hard times; a "lady of the night" is a polite term for a prostitute . In British English , "lady" is often, but not always, simply a courteous synonym for "woman". Public toilets are often distinguished by signs showing simply "Ladies" or "Gentlemen". "Lady" can have

2450-488: Was lord mayor of Leeds in 2000–2001, he selected 18 "high-profile, well-known Yorkshire women" to act in turn as his lady mayoress. As a colonial outpost, as in the United Kingdom , the lady mayoress of an Australian capital city is generally the wife of an elected lord mayor . A lady mayoress acts as a hostess for the city at official functions and sometimes acts as Chair of social and charitable committees. Where

2500-426: Was referred to by The Denver Post as John Hickenlooper 's girlfriend prior to their marriage. After taking office as Puerto Rico 's first female governor, Governor Sila María Calderón appointed her two daughters, Sila María González Calderón and María Elena González Calderón , to serve as first ladies. It has become commonplace in the United States for the title of "first lady" to be bestowed on women, as

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