21-526: Labyrinthulomycetes ( ICBN ) or Labyrinthulea ( ICZN ) is a class of protists that produce a network of filaments or tubes, which serve as tracks for the cells to glide along and absorb nutrients for them. The two main groups are the labyrinthulids (or slime nets) and thraustochytrids . They are mostly marine , commonly found as parasites on algae and seagrasses or as decomposers on dead plant material. They also include some parasites of marine invertebrates and mixotrophic species that live in
42-684: A compromise with the 1930 congress. In the meantime, the second edition of the international rules followed the Vienna congress in 1905. These rules were published as the Règles internationales de la Nomenclature botanique adoptées par le Congrès International de Botanique de Vienne 1905 (or in English, International rules of Botanical Nomenclature adopted by the International Botanical Conference of Vienna 1905 ). Informally they are referred to as
63-450: A different classification has recently been proposed. The labyrinthulomycete Thraustochytrium aureum is notable for the alternative genetic code of its mitochondria which use TTA as a stop codon instead of coding for Leucine . This code is represented by NCBI translation table 23, Thraustochytrium mitochondrial code . ICBN The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants ( ICN or ICNafp )
84-595: A plastid or believed to be derived from a plastid. Within Bigyra , the labyrinthulomycetes are the sister group to Eogyrea , a class containing the species Pseudophyllomitus vesiculosus and the environmental clade called MAST-4. Together they compose the subphylum Sagenista . Ochrophyta [REDACTED] Pseudofungi [REDACTED] Placidozoa [REDACTED] Bicosoecida [REDACTED] Labyrinthulomycetes [REDACTED] Eogyrea Platysulcea Labyrinthulomycetes or Labyrinthulea used to compose
105-544: A plastid or believed to be derived from a plastid. Within Bigyra , the labyrinthulomycetes are the sister group to Eogyrea , a class containing the species Pseudophyllomitus vesiculosus and the environmental clade called MAST-4. Together they compose the subphylum Sagenista . Ochrophyta [REDACTED] Pseudofungi [REDACTED] Placidozoa [REDACTED] Bicosoecida [REDACTED] Labyrinthulomycetes [REDACTED] Eogyrea Platysulcea Labyrinthulomycetes or Labyrinthulea used to compose
126-416: A symbiotic relationship with zoochlorella . Although they are outside the cells, the filaments of Labyrinthulomycetes are surrounded by a membrane . They are formed and connected with the cytoplasm by a unique organelle called a sagenogen or bothrosome. The cells are uninucleated and typically ovoid, and move back and forth along the amorphous network at speeds varying from 5-150 μm per minute. Among
147-413: A symbiotic relationship with zoochlorella . Although they are outside the cells, the filaments of Labyrinthulomycetes are surrounded by a membrane . They are formed and connected with the cytoplasm by a unique organelle called a sagenogen or bothrosome. The cells are uninucleated and typically ovoid, and move back and forth along the amorphous network at speeds varying from 5-150 μm per minute. Among
168-611: Is a separate code, the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants , which gives rules and recommendations that supplement the ICN . The rules governing botanical nomenclature have a long and tumultuous history, dating back to dissatisfaction with rules that were established in 1843 to govern zoological nomenclature. The first set of international rules was the Lois de la nomenclature botanique ("Laws of botanical nomenclature") that
189-574: Is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal botanical names that are given to plants, fungi and a few other groups of organisms, all those "traditionally treated as algae, fungi, or plants". It was formerly called the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature ( ICBN ); the name was changed at the International Botanical Congress in Melbourne in July 2011 as part of
210-1108: The Code was revised by the San Juan Chapter F in 2018. The 2025 edition of ICBN, the Madrid Code , which reflects the decisions of the Twentieth International Botanical Congress met in Madrid , Spain, in July 2024, is prepared to be published in July 2025. The name of the Code is partly capitalized and partly not. The lower-case for "algae, fungi, and plants" indicates that these terms are not formal names of clades , but indicate groups of organisms that were historically known by these names and traditionally studied by phycologists , mycologists , and botanists . This includes blue-green algae ( Cyanobacteria ); fungi , including chytrids , oomycetes , and slime moulds ; photosynthetic protists and taxonomically related non-photosynthetic groups. There are special provisions in
231-486: The ICN for some of these groups, as there are for fossils . The ICN can only be changed by an International Botanical Congress (IBC), with the International Association for Plant Taxonomy providing the supporting infrastructure. Each new edition supersedes the earlier editions and is retroactive back to 1753, except where different starting dates are specified. For the naming of cultivated plants there
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#1732854982072252-626: The Melbourne Code which replaced the Vienna Code of 2005. The current version of the code is the Shenzhen Code adopted by the International Botanical Congress held in Shenzhen , China, in July 2017. As with previous codes, it took effect as soon as it was ratified by the congress (on 29 July 2017), but the documentation of the code in its final form was not published until 26 June 2018. For fungi
273-714: The Vienna Rules (not to be confused with the Vienna Code of 2006). Some but not all subsequent meetings of the International Botanical Congress have produced revised versions of these Rules , later called the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature , and then International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants . The Nomenclature Section of the 18th International Botanical Congress in Melbourne, Australia (2011) made major changes: All
294-479: The defunct fungal phylum Labyrinthulomycota. They were originally considered unusual slime moulds , although they are not very similar to the other sorts. The structure of their zoospores and genetic studies show them to be a primitive group of heterokonts , but their classification and treatment remains somewhat unsettled. This class usually contained two orders, Labyrinthulales and Thraustochytriales (ICBN), or Labyrinthulida and Thraustochytrida (ICZN), but
315-478: The defunct fungal phylum Labyrinthulomycota. They were originally considered unusual slime moulds , although they are not very similar to the other sorts. The structure of their zoospores and genetic studies show them to be a primitive group of heterokonts , but their classification and treatment remains somewhat unsettled. This class usually contained two orders, Labyrinthulales and Thraustochytriales (ICBN), or Labyrinthulida and Thraustochytrida (ICZN), but
336-470: The labyrinthulids, the cells are enclosed within the tubes, and among the thraustochytrids, they are attached to their sides. Labyrinthulomycetes are not fungi , but a monophyletic group of eukaryotes within the Stramenopiles . They belong to the phylum Bigyra , which contains other heterotrophic microorganisms such as the bicosoecids . Considering that the plastids from Stramenopiles are possibly
357-415: The labyrinthulids, the cells are enclosed within the tubes, and among the thraustochytrids, they are attached to their sides. Labyrinthulomycetes are not fungi , but a monophyletic group of eukaryotes within the Stramenopiles . They belong to the phylum Bigyra , which contains other heterotrophic microorganisms such as the bicosoecids . Considering that the plastids from Stramenopiles are possibly
378-611: The result of an event of endosymbiosis in their last common ancestor , the bicosoecids and the labyrinthulomycetes could have originated from a mixotrophic algal common ancestor that secondarily lost their plastids. Some characteristics of the labyrinthulomycetes can be explained by their origin from ancestral plastids. They produce omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids using a desaturase usually present in chloroplasts . The zoospores of labyrinthulids have an eyespot composed of membrane-bound granules that resembles eyespots of photosynthetic stramenopiles, which are either within
399-610: The result of an event of endosymbiosis in their last common ancestor , the bicosoecids and the labyrinthulomycetes could have originated from a mixotrophic algal common ancestor that secondarily lost their plastids. Some characteristics of the labyrinthulomycetes can be explained by their origin from ancestral plastids. They produce omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids using a desaturase usually present in chloroplasts . The zoospores of labyrinthulids have an eyespot composed of membrane-bound granules that resembles eyespots of photosynthetic stramenopiles, which are either within
420-626: The versions are listed below. Specific to botany More general Labyrinthulida Labyrinthulomycetes ( ICBN ) or Labyrinthulea ( ICZN ) is a class of protists that produce a network of filaments or tubes, which serve as tracks for the cells to glide along and absorb nutrients for them. The two main groups are the labyrinthulids (or slime nets) and thraustochytrids . They are mostly marine , commonly found as parasites on algae and seagrasses or as decomposers on dead plant material. They also include some parasites of marine invertebrates and mixotrophic species that live in
441-687: Was adopted as the "best guide to follow for botanical nomenclature" at an "International Botanical Congress" convened in Paris in 1867. Unlike modern Codes, it contained recommendations for naming to serve as the basis for discussions on the controversial points of nomenclature, rather than obligatory rules for validly published and legitimate names within the Code. It was organized as six sections with 68 articles in total. Multiple attempts to bring more "expedient" or more equitable practice to botanical nomenclature resulted in several competing codes, which finally reached
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