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58-542: The reservoir is formed by the Bridge Creek Dam 41°24′16″N 81°11′2″W  /  41.40444°N 81.18389°W  / 41.40444; -81.18389  ( Bridge Creek Dam ) across Bridge Creek and the Black Brook Dike 41°21′4″N 81°12′36″W  /  41.35111°N 81.21000°W  / 41.35111; -81.21000  ( Black Brook Dike ) across Black Brook, both tributaries of

116-417: A coal-burning power plant ; however, the hydropower operation was discontinued in 1958, and the coal-burning plant was decommissioned in 1991. Some environmental groups and recreational groups want the dam removed. Others contend that such an effort would be expensive and complicated, for at least two reasons: first, the formerly hollow dam was filled in with concrete in the early 1990s, and second, because of

174-582: A communal hunting ground, to be enjoyed by all tribes in the region, causing it to be regularly frequented by themselves, the Lenape, Shawnee and Seneca. The Ottawa, who lived clear at the western end of Lake Erie and who, themselves, had formed out of a similar circumstance to the Wyandot- captured Anishinaabeg stationed in the vicinity of what is now Detroit by the Iroquois- were apparently allowed to establish communities in

232-554: A major manufacturing center, the river became heavily affected by industrial pollution , so much so that it caught fire at least 14 times. When it did so on June 22, 1969, news coverage of the event helped to spur the American environmental movement . Since then, the river has been extensively cleaned up through the efforts of Cleveland's city government and the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA). In 2019,

290-581: A mound building people, which may show a continuity of such people for a few hundred years after the Hopewell Culture collapsed. Many other suspected mounds are also known and several other suspected mounds have been destroyed by industry since the 1790s. When the French first began exploring and mapping the Great Lakes region in the 17th century, it comes across that the entire area of northern Ohio belonged to

348-491: A rain, at which point they can flash flood and be torrential. Default is standard order from mouth to upstream: East Claridon, Ohio East Claridon is an unincorporated community in eastern Claridon Township , Geauga County , Ohio , United States. It has a post office with the ZIP code 44033. It lies at the intersection of U.S. Route 322 with State Route 608 . The unincorporated community of Claridon lies to

406-574: Is 200 ft at the top and 250 ft near at the base. The drop is about 30 ft. The Bridge Creek Dam is a restricted zone with “No Trespassing Zone” signs on land and has marker buoys in the water. The Black Brook Dike is 100 ft wide and nearly 1.0 mi (1.6 km) long. It is located at the southern tip of the reservoir near the intersection of Bartholomew Road and Ohio State Route 44 . The Black Brook Dam 41°21′4″N 81°12′36″W  /  41.35111°N 81.21000°W  / 41.35111; -81.21000  ( Black Brook Dike )

464-576: Is a rolled earth fill with impervious core, maximum height 20 ft, top length 325 ft, top width 30 ft, base width about 100 ft and length 1100 ft. It is located near the intersection of Crackel Road and Ohio State Route 44 , about 1,500 ft (460 m) feet north of the Geauga-Portage County border. It uses a 6 ft concrete drainage ditch to evacuate water. The Black Brook Dike and Dam are restricted zones with “No Trespassing Zone” signs posted on land and marker buoys in

522-534: Is as uncertain as the Mohawk explanation. A close match in the Seneca language is Gayó'ha'geh , meaning "on your chin". The river's crooked form does vaguely resemble an animal's jawbone. It is possible that Europeans once wished to call it that, but the name "Cuyahoga" ended up becoming more prevalent and folk etymology took over, creating an accidental link between the two names that did not actually exist. Early maps from

580-621: Is one of three reservoirs that make up the City of Akron water supply, including LaDue Reservoir, East Branch Reservoir in Claridon Township, Geauga County, Ohio , and Lake Rockwell in Franklin Township, Portage County, Ohio . The main purposes of these reservoirs are to provide flood control to downstream areas, replenish the river’s flow during dry periods, and maintain an ample supply of available drinking water for Akron. Because Lake Rockwell

638-713: Is subject to hunting regulations . Furbearer trapping is permitted throughout the area, however, it too requires a permit to trap beaver or river otter and is limited to trappers selected in an annual drawing by the Division of Wildlife. Trapping in Ohio is subject to trapping regulations . In 2010, excessive heat contributed to concerns for harmful algal blooms in many inland lakes in NE Ohio, including LaDue Reservoir. A harmful algal bloom occurs when naturally occurring blue-green algae , or cyanobacteria , produce neurotoxins , which affect

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696-629: Is the main drinking water supply for the City of Akron, it is highly protected with no trespassing, fishing, or recreation permitted. However, both the East Branch Reservoir and the LaDue Reservoir are open to fishing, boating, and hunting. However, the Ohio Revised Code has special fishing regulations for LaDue Reservoir that do not allow gasoline motors on any watercraft, limit the size of electric motors, and restrict shoreline fishing to

754-640: The American Rivers conservation association named the Cuyahoga " River of the Year " in honor of "50 years of environmental resurgence". The name Cuyahoga is believed to mean "crooked river" from the Mohawk name Cayagaga , although the Mohawk were never in the region alongside European settlers, so this explanation is questionable. Some think that it comes from the Seneca word for "jawbone". This explanation, however,

812-593: The Cuyahoga River . The reservoir was created in an area that was covered with ice during the Wisconsinan glaciation and contains numerous glacial sand and gravel deposits ( kames ) and glacial ponds ( kettles ). The lake bottom retains the same irregularities found before it was dammed. The reservoir and surrounding land is owned by the City of Akron, Ohio and is operated by Akron's Watershed Division . The reservoir

870-509: The Cuyahoga Valley National Park in northern Summit County and southern Cuyahoga County . It then flows through Independence , Valley View , Cuyahoga Heights , Newburgh Heights and Cleveland to its northern terminus, emptying into Lake Erie . The Cuyahoga River and its tributaries drain 813 square miles (2,110 km ) of land in portions of six counties. The river is a relatively recent geologic formation, formed by

928-863: The Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Wildlife has managed the LaDue Public Hunting Area for the City of Akron , which includes hunting , trapping , boating , and fishing . The wildlife area includes diverse wildlife, including white-tailed deer , wild turkey , squirrel , rabbit , and woodchuck . Waterfowl include migrating mallards , wood duck , and Canada geese . LaDue Reservoir contains sport fish including walleye , largemouth bass , bluegill , yellow perch , white and black crappie , and channel catfish . Ohio Revised Code Chapter 1501:31-13 designates special fishing regulations for LaDue Reservoir that restrict watercraft to electric motors only and restrict shorelines fishing to

986-734: The Treaty of Greenville that ended the Northwest Indian War in the Ohio Country , effectively becoming the western boundary of the United States and remaining so briefly. On July 22, 1796, Moses Cleaveland , a surveyor charged with exploring the Connecticut Western Reserve , arrived at the mouth of the Cuyahoga and subsequently located a settlement there, which became the city of Cleveland. It appears that, in more ancient times,

1044-451: The 5.6-mile (9.0 km) navigation channel still preclude a robust fishery in that reach. Recreation water quality standards (using bacteria as indicators) are generally met during dry weather conditions, but are often exceeded during significant rains due to nonpoint sources and combined sewer overflows. In March 2019 the OEPA declared fish caught in the river safe to eat. Consequently, in 2024

1102-545: The City of Akron and members of the Gorge Dam Stakeholder Committee, including Summit Metro Parks, FirstEnergy, and the City of Cuyahoga Falls. As of 2024 the planned date of removal is 2026. The FirstEnergy Dam was built by the Northern Ohio Traction and Light Co. in 1912 to serve the dual functions of generating hydropower for its local streetcar system and providing cooling-water storage for

1160-628: The Cuyahoga was designated one of 14 American Heritage Rivers in 1998. Despite these efforts, pollution continues to exist in the Cuyahoga River due to other sources of pollution, including urban runoff , nonpoint source problems, combined sewer overflows , and stagnation due to water impounded by dams. For this reason, the Environmental Protection Agency classified portions of the Cuyahoga River watershed as one of 43 Great Lakes Areas of Concern . The most polluted portions of

1218-557: The Erie, but archaeology has since shown that the French, who only saw abandoned villages on the lake shore and never met any of the inhabitants, were mistaken. The entire Cuyahoga River Valley and last west of it actually belonged to a presumably Algonquian people never encountered by whites which we call the Whittlesey culture . They were destroyed during the Beaver Wars (1630-1701). Afterwards,

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1276-628: The Great Lakes shipping season, depending on shipping schedules and weather conditions. Some attempts (including dams and dredging ) have been made to control flooding along the Cuyahoga River basin. As a result of speculative land development , buildings have been erected on many flat areas that are only a few feet above normal river levels. Sudden strong rain or snow storms can create severe flooding in these low-lying areas. The upper Cuyahoga River, starting at 1,093 feet (333 m) over 84 miles (135 km) from its mouth, drops in elevation fairly steeply, creating falls and rapids in some places;

1334-679: The Iroquois stationed a group of captured Hurons in this areas, who later broke free after the French aided several Native groups from the Mississippi River in pushing the Iroquois all the way back to what is now Pittsburg, and established themselves as their own tribe- the Wyandot. The Wyandot chose to set aside the entire region from the Cuyahoga River to the PA border and the Mahoning River to Lake Erie as

1392-582: The New Madrid Earthquake of 1811 was interpreted as a sign in his favor by many tribes across the eastern US, it appears the last of them in 1813 were leaving to migrate west, into the Great Black Swamp region- the last of Ohio's guaranteed Indian Territory- to live amongst the bulk of the Ottawa and Wyandot who were settled there. The Cuyahoga River, at times during the 20th century, was one of

1450-618: The Ottawa in northeast Ohio at a site called Pilgeruh, but mistakenly noted all the villages in the area were Ottawa. After the war, the military ordered the Natives to evict the region, but most of them stayed during the early decades of settlement, with the last of the local natives concentrating in the Cuyahoga River Valley before leaving between 1811-1813. While there is a chance some may have gone to southern Ohio and joined Tecumseh's brother's pan-Indian cult at his Prophetstown compound, as

1508-425: The advance and retreat of ice sheets during the last ice age . The final glacial retreat, which occurred 10,000–12,000 years ago, caused changes in the drainage pattern near Akron. This change in pattern caused the originally south-flowing Cuyahoga to flow to the north. As its newly reversed currents flowed toward Lake Erie, the river carved its way around glacial debris left by the receding ice sheet, resulting in

1566-464: The area, given the tribe's distance from it, with one noted in what is now Conneaut and several others noted along the Cuyahoga. But, it is historically established that not all the villages along the Cuyahoga at this time were Ottawa, with a Seneca community noted around Streetsboro under a chief named Big John and possibly some Wyandots nearby. During the Northwest Indian War (1785-1795), all

1624-684: The cover for a story on the Chappaquiddick incident in which Kennedy's automobile passenger, Mary Jo Kopechne , had drowned. The 1969 Cuyahoga River fire helped spur an avalanche of water pollution control activities, resulting in amendments extending the Clean Water Act , Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement , and the creation of the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA). Mayor Stokes gave Congressional testimony on his and other major big cities' struggles with polluting industries to restore

1682-643: The dam In late 2012, two dams in Cuyahoga Falls, the Sheraton and LeFever Dams, were scheduled for demolition, as the result of an agreement between the City of Cuyahoga Falls, which owns the dams, and the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District, which will provide $ 1 million of funding to remove the dams. On December 12, 2012, the ACOE issued a permit, allowing the demolition to proceed. As part of

1740-475: The environmental health of their communities. As a result, large point sources of pollution on the Cuyahoga have received significant attention from the OEPA in subsequent decades. These events are referred to in Randy Newman 's 1972 song " Burn On ", R.E.M. 's 1986 song " Cuyahoga ", and Adam Again 's 1992 song "River on Fire". Great Lakes Brewing Company of Cleveland named its Burning River Pale Ale after

1798-782: The era of French control of the region, when the Wyandot were the only tribe there, mark the river as "Cuyahoga", although the Wyandot name for the river is Yažaʔyeh. The Cuyahoga watershed begins its 100-mile (160 km) journey in Hambden, Ohio , flowing southward to the confluence of the East Branch Cuyahoga River and West Branch Cuyahoga River in Burton , where the Cuyahoga River officially begins. It continues on its 84.9-mile (136.6 km) journey flowing southward to Akron and Cuyahoga Falls , where it turns sharply north and flows through

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1856-456: The event. In December 1970 a federal grand jury investigation led by U.S. Attorney Robert Jones began, of water pollution allegedly being caused by about 12 companies in northeastern Ohio; it was the first grand jury investigation of water pollution in the area. The Attorney General of the United States, John N. Mitchell, gave a Press Conference December 18, 1970 referencing new pollution control litigation, with particular reference to work with

1914-554: The falls for which the City of Cuyahoga Falls was named; more to the point of water quality, it has created a large stagnant pool with low dissolved oxygen . On April 9, 2019, officials from the U.S. EPA and Ohio EPA announced a plan to remove the Gorge Metropolitan Park Dam by 2023 at a cost of $ 65 to $ 70 million. Funding for the project was authorized through the Great Lakes Legacy Act with funds coming from

1972-541: The first and only river fire incident on the Cuyahoga since June 1969. However, as scholar Anne Jefferson notes: The Brecksville Dam at river mile 20 was the first dam upstream of Lake Erie. It affected fish populations by restricting their passage. The dam was removed in 2020. The largest dam is the Gorge Metropolitan Park Dam, also known as the FirstEnergy Dam, on the border between Cuyahoga Falls and Akron. This 57-foot (17 m) dam has for over 90 years submerged

2030-422: The first ever steelhead trout stocking in the river occurred. The lower Cuyahoga River, just west of present-day downtown Cleveland , has been subjected to numerous changes. Originally, the Cuyahoga river met Lake Erie approximately 4,000 feet (1.2 km) west of its current mouth, forming a shallow marsh. The current mouth is human-made, created in 1827, and allows shipping traffic to flow freely between

2088-412: The industrial history of Cuyahoga Falls, the sediment upstream of the dam is expected to contain hazardous chemicals, possibly including heavy metals and PCBs . The Ohio EPA estimated removal of the dam would cost $ 5–10 million, and removal of the contaminated sediments, a further $ 60 million. The dam is licensed through 2041. In 2023 however, after funding was secured, the decision was made to remove

2146-512: The late 1960s, when new mayor Carl Stokes and his utilities director rallied voters to approve a $ 100 million bond to rehabilitate Cleveland's rivers. Then, the mayor seized the opportunity of a June 22, 1969 river fire triggered by a spark from a passing rail car igniting an oil slick to bring reporters to the river to raise attention to the issue. The 1969 fire caused approximately $ 50,000 in damage, mostly to an adjacent railroad bridge, but despite Mayor Stokes' efforts, very little attention

2204-488: The lower gradient in their respective reaches. For this reason, the Ohio EPA required the communities to mitigate the effects of the dams. The Munroe Falls Dam was modified in 2005. Work on this project uncovered a natural waterfall. Given this new knowledge about the riverbed, some interested parties, including Summit County, campaigned for complete removal of the dam. The revised plan, initially denied on September 20, 2005,

2262-451: The lower Cuyahoga River banks in Cleveland's Flats district . The Corps of Engineers has also straightened river banks and widened turning basins in the federal navigation channel on the lower Cuyahoga River to facilitate maritime operations. The United States Coast Guard sometimes conducts fall and spring ice-breaking operations along Lake Erie and the lower Cuyahoga River to prolong

2320-443: The lower Cuyahoga River only drops several feet along the last several miles of the lower river to 571 feet (174 m) at the mouth on Lake Erie, resulting in relatively slow-moving waters that can take a while to drain compared to the upper Cuyahoga. Some tributary elevations above are higher than the Cuyahoga River elevation, because of small waterfalls at or near their confluences; and distances are measured in "river miles" along

2378-424: The most polluted rivers in the United States. The reach from Akron to Cleveland was devoid of fish. A 1968 Kent State University symposium described one section of the river: At least 13 fires have been reported on the Cuyahoga River, the first occurring in 1868. The largest river fire, in 1952, caused over $ 1 million in damage to boats, a bridge, and a riverfront office building. Things began to change in

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2436-546: The nation. (No pictures of the 1969 fire are known to exist, as local media did not arrive on the scene until after the fire was under control. ) The article launched Time 's new "Environment" section, and gained wide readership not only on its own merit, but because the same issue featured coverage of astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landing on the Moon the previous week in the Apollo 11 mission, and had Senator Ted Kennedy on

2494-488: The nervous system, and hepatotoxins , which affect the liver . It is now monitored by the Ohio Department of Health . Cuyahoga River The Cuyahoga River ( / ˌ k aɪ . ə ˈ h ɒ ɡ ə / KY -ə- HOG -ə or / ˌ k aɪ . ə ˈ h oʊ ɡ ə / KY -ə- HOH -gə ) is a river located in Northeast Ohio that bisects the City of Cleveland and feeds into Lake Erie . As Cleveland emerged as

2552-643: The new Environmental Protection Agency, and announcing the filing of a law suit that morning against the Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation for discharging substantial quantities of cyanide into the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland. Jones filed the misdemeanor charges in District Court, alleging violations of the 1899 Rivers and Harbors Act. There were multiple other suits filed by Jones. Water quality has improved and, partially in recognition of this improvement,

2610-694: The project, a water trail was developed. In early June 2013, dam removal began, and ended in August 20, 2013. This brought about a mile of the river back to its natural state, removed 35 feet (11 m) of structures, and exposed an equivalent quantity of whitewater for recreation. In 2019, attempts by the city to address increased erosion as a result of the removal of these and other area dams were publicized. Two other dams, in Kent and in Munroe Falls , though smaller, have had an even greater impact on water quality due to

2668-564: The right-of-ways along Ohio State Route 44 , U.S. Route 422 , and Auburn Road. The Bridge Creek Dam 41°24′16″N 81°11′2″W  /  41.40444°N 81.18389°W  / 41.40444; -81.18389  ( Bridge Creek Dam ) , also known as the LaDue Dam, is a rolled earth fill with impervious core, maximum height 35 ft, top length 3200 ft, top width 40 ft, base width about 120 ft and length 4500 ft. Spillway: Uncontrolled concrete lined saddle spillway that

2726-429: The right-of-ways along Ohio State Route 44 , U.S. Route 422 , and Auburn Roads. Fishing in Ohio requires a valid Ohio Fishing License and is subject to Ohio fishing regulations . No gasoline engines can be used on LaDue Reservoir. ODNR Division of Wildlife maintains a gravel boat ramp with portable toilets near the intersection of East Washington Street and Valley Road . There is also an unimproved boat ramp at

2784-520: The river and the lake. Additionally, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers periodically dredges the navigation channel of the otherwise shallow river to a depth of 27 feet (8.2 m), along the river's lower 5 miles (8.0 km), from its mouth up to the Mittal Steel Cleveland Works steel mills, to accommodate Great Lakes freighter traffic which serves the bulk (asphalt, gravel, petroleum, salt, steel, and other) industries located along

2842-536: The river fully attaining the designated Ohio water quality standards. According to the United States Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System , the Cuyahoga River has also been known as: The name "White River" has also been applied. Download coordinates as: Generally, rivers are larger than creeks, which are larger than brooks, which are larger than runs. Runs may be dry except during or after

2900-487: The river now generally meet established aquatic life water quality standards except near dam impoundments. The reasons for not meeting standards near the dam pools are habitat and fish passage issues rather than water quality. River reaches that were once devoid of fish now support 44 species. The most recent survey in 2008 revealed the two most common species in the river were hogsuckers and spotfin shiners , both moderately sensitive to water quality. Habitat issues within

2958-575: The river was inhabited by some branch of Mound Building culture related to the Hopewell. The only mound formally excavated was Towner's Mound outside of Kent, which appears identical in construction to two other mounds excavated in North Benton, OH and Warren, PA that are related to the New York Hopewell offshoot. The Iroquois say that, when the Erie first moved into western Pennsylvania, they pushed out

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3016-472: The river's length from its mouth on Lake Erie. On August 25, 2020, a Holland Oil and Gas fuel tanker crashed on Route 8 near Akron and Cuyahoga Falls, killing one individual and causing a fire that leaked fuel into the southern section of the river. The fire was extinguished by the Akron Fire Department and the river section and surrounding area were promptly cleaned up. The fatal road crash marked

3074-410: The river's winding U-shape. These meanderings stretched the length of the river (which was only 30 miles (50 km) when traveled directly) into a 100-mile (160 km) trek from its headwaters to its mouth. The depth of the river (except where noted below) ranges from 3 to 6 ft (1 to 2 m). The river was one of the features along which the "Greenville Treaty Line" ran beginning in 1795, per

3132-527: The south end of the reservoir where Ohio State Route 44 crosses the reservoir . Boats are limited to electric motors only. As of 2019, Breakaway Excursions began operating kayak and fishing boat rentals out of the La Due boathouse. Waterfowl hunting on LaDue Reservoir is limited to designated areas only and limited to hunters selected in an annual drawing held by the ODNR Division of Wildlife. Hunting in Ohio

3190-496: The tribes in Ohio were ordered to give up most of Ohio for settlement, leading to a mass military revolt of all tribes in the Great Lakes region under a war chief named Little Turtle, with most of the fighting occurring along the Ohio-Indiana border. At this time, some Moravian missionaries who had been looking to establish a mission amongst the Ottawa were warned away due to the conflict, so they appear to have chosen to settle amongst

3248-574: The water. The LaDue Reservoir wildlife area includes 8,791 acres (3,558 ha) that protects the watershed of the east branch of the Cuyahoga River from the East Branch Reservoir at Headwaters Park in East Claridon, Ohio to Ohio State Route 82 in Mantua Township, Portage County, Ohio . For many years, the City of Akron managed recreation activities at its reservoirs. Since 2002,

3306-467: Was approved by the Munroe Falls City Council a week later. The 11.5-foot (3.5 m) sandstone dam has since been removed, and in its place now is a natural ledge with a 4.5-foot (1.4 m) drop at its greatest point. The Kent Dam was bypassed in 2004 and was the first dam modification project in the state of Ohio that was made solely for water quality issues. The modification resulted in

3364-524: Was initially given to the incident, and it was not considered a major news story in the Cleveland media. However, the incident did soon garner the attention of Time magazine, which used a dramatic photo of the even larger 1952 blaze in an article on the pollution of America's waterways. The article described the Cuyahoga as the river that "oozes rather than flows" and in which a person "does not drown but decays" and listed other badly-polluted rivers across

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